Deck 13: Acids and Bases: the Molecules Responsible for Sour and Bitter

Question 1

Which of these is the best definition of a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A) Any substance that donates H⁺ ions in solution
B) Any substance that produces OH ⁻ ions in solution
C) Any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons
D) Any substance that neutralizes a base in solution
E) Any substance that accepts H⁺ ions in solution

Answer 1

Any substance that donates H⁺ ions in solution

Question 2

Which of the following substances is a base?

A) Sodium hydroxide
B) Potassium hydroxide
C) Sodium bicarbonate
D) Ammonia
E) All of these

Answer 2

All of these

Question 3

Which of these substances is an acid?

A) NaHCO₃
B) NaOH
C) NH₃
D) KOH
E) CH₃COOH

Answer 3

CH₃COOH

Question 4

Which of these is the Bronsted-Lowry base in this chemical equation?
​
H₂O + CH₃COOH
CH₃COO ⁻ + H₃O⁺

A) H₃O⁺
B) H₂O
C) CH₃COOH
D) CH₃COO^- 
E) OH^-

Question 5

Which of these substances is a base?

A) NaHCO₃
B) HCl
C) HNO₃
D) H₃PO₄
E) CH₃COOH

Question 6

Which of these is the best definition of a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A) Any substance that produces H⁺ ions in solution
B) Any substance that produces OH ⁻ ions in solution
C) Any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons
D) Any substance that neutralizes an acid in solution
E) Any substance that accepts H⁺ ions in solution

Question 7

Which of these substances is a strong acid?

A) HCN
B) H₂PO₃
C) HCl
D) HNO₂
E) H₂CO₃

Question 8

Strong acids are _____.

A) acids that are concentrated
B) acids that have a very high pH
C) acids that d issociate 100% into ions
D) acids that  dissociate very little into ions
E) acids that accept protons

Question 9

Which of these are properties of bases?
I. They are sour in taste.
II. They turn red litmus paper blue.
III. They dissolve many metals.
IV. They feel slippery.

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) I and III
E) II and IV

Question 10

Which of these is the Bronsted-Lowry base in this chemical equation?
​
HSO₄ ⁻ + OH ⁻
SO₄^{2 −} + H₂O

A) HSO₄ ⁻
B) H₂O ⁻
C) S
D) OH ⁻
E) NH₃

Question 11

Which of these is the Bronsted-Lowry acid in this chemical equation?
​
H₂O + CN ⁻ → HCN + OH ⁻

A) H₃O⁺
B) H₂O
C) H₂SO₄
D) CN ⁻
E) OH ⁻

Question 12

Which of these compounds can not act as a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

A) H₃O⁺
B) H₂O
C) CH₃COOH
D) MgO
E) NH₃

Question 13

Which of these acids is a component of  vinegar?

A) H₂SO₄
B) HCl
C) HNO₃
D) H₃PO₄
E) CH₃COOH

Question 14

The formula of the hydronium ion is  _____.

A) OH ^?
B) OH⁺
C) H₃O⁺
D) H₃O ^?
E) H₄ O⁺

Question 15

The formula of the hydroxide ion is _____.

A) OH ^?
B) OH⁺
C) H₃O⁺
D) H₃ O^?
E) OH² ?

Question 16

Which of these are properties of acids?
I. They are sour in taste.
II. They turn red litmus paper blue.
III. They dissolve many metals.
IV. They feel slippery

A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) I and III
E) II, III, and IV

Question 17

Which of these compounds can not act as a Bronsted-Lowry base?

A) NH₄⁺
B) OH ⁻
C) CH₃COO ⁻
D) H₂O
E) NH₃

Question 18

Which of these substances is a weak base?

A) HCN
B) CH₃COOH
C) HCl
D) HCOOH
E) C₅H₅N

Question 19

Which of these is the best definition of an Arrhenius base?

A) Any substance that produces H⁺ ions in solution
B) Any substance that produces OH ⁻ ions in solution
C) Any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons
D) Any substance that neutralizes an acid in solution
E) Any substance that accepts H⁺ ions in solution

Question 20

Wa ter acts as  _____.

A) a proton donor
B) a proton acceptor
C) either a proton donor or a proton acceptor
D) neither a proton donor nor a proton acceptor
E) none of these

Question 21

Which of these substances is a weak acid?

A) NH₃
B) HCOOH
C) HCl
D) HNO₃
E) C₅H₅N

Question 22

Which of these substances is represented in the diagram?
​

A) A weak acid
B) A weak base
C) A strong acid
D) A strong base
E) A salt

Question 23

Which of these acids forms when wine is left exposed to oxygen for extended periods?

A) Muriatic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Benzoic acid

Question 24

Which of these acids is responsible for the tartness of vinegar?

A) Muriatic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Benzoic acid

Question 25

Which of these sets indicating relative acid strength is correct ?

A) NH₃ > H₂CO₃
B) HCOOH > H₂SO₄
C) HCl > CH₃COOH
D) C₆H₅COOH > HNO₃
E) C₅H₅N > H₃PO₄

Question 26

Which of these statements concerning pure water is incorrect ?

A) Its pH is 7 at 25^oC.
B) It contains no ions.
C) It is neutral.
D) It can act as a proton acceptor.
E) None of these

Question 27

Which of these acids is responsible for the sourness in many fruits?

A) Muriatic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Benzoic acid

Question 28

Compared with a solution that has a pH of 2.00, a solution that has a pH of 4.00:

A) contains twice as many hydronium ions.
B) contains half as many hydronium ions.
C) contains 100 times as many hydronium ions.
D) contains 0.01 times as many hydronium ions.
E) contains four times as many hydronium ions.

Question 29

What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of a weak acid?

A) 0
B) 1.00
C) 13.00
D) 14.00
E) 6.00

Question 30

Which of these statements about weak bases is correct ?

A) They are concentrated.
B) They have a very high pH.
C) They dissociate 100% into ions.
D) They dissociate very little into ions.
E) Both B and C are correct.

Question 31

Which of these substances is represented in the diagram?
​

A) A weak acid
B) A weak base
C) A strong acid
D) A strong base
E) A salt

Question 32

Which of these statements concerning pH is incorrect ?

A) pH is based on the [H₃O⁺] in solution.
B) If [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10 ^{− 13}, the solution is basic.
C) pH = 3 is ten times more acidic than pH = 2.
D) If pH > 7, the solution is basic.
E) Pure water has [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10 ^{− 7}.

Question 33

What is the pH of pure water at 25^oC?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 10
D) 14
E) None of these

Question 34

Which of these has the smallest [H₃O⁺]?

A) pH = 2
B) pH = 5
C) pH = 7
D) pH = 11
E) pH = 13

Question 35

Which of these statements regarding pH is incorrect ?

A) pH is based on the [H₃O⁺] in solution.
B) If [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10 ^{− 4} M, the solution is acidic.
C) If pH = 7.0, the solution is neutral.
D) If pH
E) Pure water has [H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10^-7 M.

Question 36

What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of a strong acid?

A) 0
B) 5.00
C) 13.00
D) 14.00
E) 7.00

Question 37

Compared with a solution that has a pH of 2.00, a solution that has a pH of 4.00:

A) contains twice as many hydroxide ions.
B) contains half as many hydroxide ions.
C) contains 100 times as many hydroxide ions.
D) contains .01 times as many hydroxide ions.
E) contains four times as many hydroxide ions.

Question 38

Which of these has the greatest [H₃O⁺]?

A) pH = 2
B) pH = 5
C) pH = 7
D) pH = 11
E) pH = 13

Question 39

Which of these sets indicating relative acid strength is correct ?

A) H₂CO₃> NH₃
B) HCOOH > H₂SO₄
C) C₅H₅N > H₃PO₄
D) KOH > CH₃COOH
E) C₆H₅COOH > HNO₃

Question 40

What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of a strong base?

A) 0
B) 1.00
C) 9.00
D) 14.00
E) 5.00

Question 41

Which of these substances is the most basic?

A) Lemon juice
B) Vinegar
C) Rainwater
D) Ammonia
E) Beer

Question 42

Which of these acids is a parent molecule for making aspirin?

A) Muriatic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Benzoic acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Salicylic acid

Question 43

Which of these equations best represents the reaction that takes place in the stomach when the antacid calcium carbonate is taken?

A) NaHCO₃ = H₂O + CO
B) CaCO₃  = H₂O + CO
C) CO₃^{2 −} + 2H₃O⁺ = 3H₂O + CO₂
D) Ca²⁺ + 2H₃O⁺ = 3H₂O + CaO
E) CaCO₃ + H₃O⁺ = Ca(OH)₂ + CO₂

Question 44

Which of these acids is found in stomach acid?

A) Malic acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Phosphoric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Lactic acid

Question 45

Which of these substances has the lowest pH?

A) CH₃COOH
B) HNO₃
C) NH₃
D) HCOOH
E) NaOH

Question 46

Which of these acids is responsible for the buttery flavor of some wines?

A) Malic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Tartaric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Lactic acid

Question 47

Which of these substances is the most acidic?

A) Lemon juice
B) Pure water
C) Milk of magnesia
D) Egg whites
E) Wine

Question 48

Which of these is the active ingredient in aspirin?

A) Salicylic acid
B) Acetylsalicylic acid
C) Acetic acid
D) Lactic acid
E) Benzoic acid

Question 49

Which of these acids is not found in wines?

A) Lactic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Tartaric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Salicylic acid

Question 50

Which of these substances is the most basic?

A) Lemon juice
B) Pure water
C) Milk of magnesia
D) Vinegar
E) Beer

Question 51

Which of these pairs represents the products of the dissociation of the following salt in solution?
NaHCO₃ = _____ + _____

A) NaOH, CO₂
B) OH ⁻ , NaCO⁺
C) NaH²⁺, CO₃^{2 +}
D) Na⁺, HCO₃ ⁻
E) H₂O, CO

Question 52

Which of these substances has the highest pH?

A) CH₃COOH
B) HNO₃
C) NH₃
D) HCOOH
E) NaOH

Question 53

Which of the following acids are found in most soft drinks?

A) Acetic and citric  acids
B) Lactic and citric  acids
C) Malic and lactic  acids
D) Carbonic and phosphoric  acids
E) Hydrochloric and phosphoric  acids

Question 54

Which of these pairs represents the products of the dissociation of the following compound in water?
​
Mg(OH)₂ = _____ + _____

A) MgOH, H₂
B) OH ⁻ , MgOH⁺
C) Mg²⁺, 2 OH ⁻
D) Mg⁺, 2 OH ⁻
E) OH₂ ⁻ , Mg⁺

Question 55

Rank these substances in order of increasing acidity (from the least acidic to the most acidic). ​
1.0 M HCOOH, 1.0 M NaHCO₃, 1.0 M H₂SO₄

A) 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M NaHCO₃ < 1.0 M H₂SO₄
B) 1.0 M NaHCO₃ < 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M H₂SO₄
C) 1.0 M H₂SO₄ < 1.0 M NaHCO₃ < 1.0 M HCOOH
D) 1.0 M H₂SO₄ < 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M NaHCO₃
E) 1.0 M NaHCO₃ < 1.0 M H₂SO₄ < 1.0 M HCOOH

Question 56

Which of these substances is the most acidic?

A) Pure water
B) Milk of magnesia
C) Beer
D) Ammonia
E) Egg whites

Question 57

Rank these compounds in order of increasing acidity (from the least acidic to the most acidic). ​
1.0 M HCOOH, 1.0 M HCl, 1.0 M NH₃ , 1.0 M NaOH

A) 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M HCl < 1.0 M NH₃ < 1.0 M NaOH
B) 1.0 M NH₃ < 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M NaOH < 1.0 M HCl
C) 1.0 M NaOH < 1.0 M NH₃ < 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M HCl
D) 1.0 M NaOH < 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M NH₃ < 1.0 M HCl
E) 1.0 M NH₃ < 1.0 M NaOH < 1.0 M HCOOH < 1.0 M HCl

Question 58

Which of these is the primary ingredient in baking soda?

A) NaOH
B) Mg(OH)₂
C) Al(OH)₃
D) CaCO₃
E) NaHCO₃

Question 59

Which of these is not a base?

A) HCOOH
B) NaHCO₃
C) NaOH
D) CaCO₃
E) Mg(OH)₂

Question 60

Which of these acids is responsible for the apple flavor of some wines?

A) Malic acid
B) Citric acid
C) Tartaric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Lactic acid

Question 61

Which of these is not a method used by utilities to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions?

A) Burning low-sulfur coal
B) Crushing and washing coal to remove sulfur
C) Burning coal at high temperatures to break down sulfur
D) Employing flue gas scrubbers in smokestacks, which traps sulfur dioxide
E) Encouraging and implementing conservation and efficiency programs for customers

Question 62

For every change of one unit on the pH scale, the H₃O⁺ concentration changes by a factor of _____.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 100
D) 0.1
E) 0.01

Question 63

Which of the following bases is used as a common floor and window cleaner?

A) Sodium carbonate
B) Magnesium hydroxide
C) Calcium carbonate
D) Ammonia
E) Baking soda

Question 64

Which of these statements about acid rain is correct?

A) Acid rain has destroyed all marine life in entire lakes.
B) Acid rain slows the rate of tree growth.
C) Acid rain accelerates the rusting process.
D) Acid rain can effectively remove nutrients from soil.
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 65

_____ is responsible for the disagreeably sour taste in vomit.

A) Citric acid
B) Lactic acid
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Phosphoric acid
E) Carbonic acid

Question 66

Which of these methods of reducing SO₂ emissions employs spraying limestone and water in coal smokestacks?

A) Crushing and washing
B) Vaporizing and condensing
C) Subliming
D) Flue gas scrubbers
E) None of these

Question 67

Which of these represents the average pH of ordinary rainwater?

A) 1.0
B) 2.8
C) 3.5
D) 5.6
E) 7.0

Question 68

The most acidic rainfall in the United States occurs in    _____.

A) the northwestern region
B) the southwestern region
C) the southeastern region
D) the northeastern region
E) the central region

Question 69

The acid used in the pickling process is _____.

A) citric acid
B) lactic acid
C) acetic acid
D) phosphoric acid
E) carbonic acid

Question 70

Which of the following laboratory acids is used in the cleaning of metals?

A) Sulfuric acid
B) Nitric acid
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Acetic acid
E) Phosphoric acid

Question 71

Rain is naturally acidic as a result of _____ gas reacting with the water.

A) SO₂
B) CO₂
C) NO₂
D) Cl₂
E) N₂

Question 72

The combustion of which of these fuels is the most significant contributor in the formation of acid rain?

A) Oil
B) Coal
C) Natural gas
D) Firewood
E) LPG

Question 73

Which of these gases is targeted by the 1990 Clean Air Act for a 50% reduction of emission by 2010?

A) SO₂
B) CO₂
C) NO₂
D) Cl₂
E) N₂

Question 74

Which of these gases combine(s) with water to form acid rain?
I. SO₂
II. NO₂
III. H₂
IV. N₂
V. Cl₂

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) I and IV
E) I, III, and V