Deck 12: Work, Leisure, and Retirement 

Question 1

Which developmental task would most likely characterize Dave, who is in his mid-teens? ​

A)Implementation
B)Stabilization
C)Consolidation
D)Crystallization

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Last year, 25-year-old Mark took his first job in an industry he has chosen to pursue. Mark is probably in Super's ____ phase of developmental tasks. ​

A)implementation
B)maintenance
C)stabilization
D)consolidation

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The concept of "career advancement" is best associated with the ____ task. ​

A)stabilization
B)implementation
C)crystallization
D)consolidation

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If Will is an average adult, the main reason for him working is so that he can ​

A)demonstrate creativity.
B)earn a living.
C)make new friends.
D)exercise his authority over others.

Question 5

Who would most likely be giving a speech titled "Understanding the Continuum of Vocational Maturity?" ​

A)John Holland
B)Donald Super
C)Nancy Betz
D)Jan Sinnott

Question 6

Which statement concerning occupational development is true? ​

A)Research does not support either Super's claims that it is a developmental process nor Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics.
B)Research does not support Super's claims that it is a developmental process but does support Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics.
C)Research supports Super's claims that it is a developmental process but not Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics.
D)Research supports both Super's claims that it is a developmental process and Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics.

Question 7

Vocational maturity is best associated with ​

A)Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
B)the amount of congruence between occupation behaviors and age.
C)Freud's psychosexual stages.
D)the income level that one attains.

Question 8

When looking within a specific occupation (e.g., construction worker), you would expect to find ____ differences between the personalities of males and female workers. ​

A)virtually no
B)small but significant
C)moderate
D)major

Question 9

The selection of a specific occupation marks the beginning of the ____ stage of occupational development. ​

A)maintenance
B)implementation
C)stabilization
D)decline

Question 10

According to Lips-Wiersma (2003), which is not one of the four common meanings people derive from work? ​

A)Developing self
B)Economic independence
C)Union with others
D)Serving others

Question 11

Though Jenny has not decided on a career, she has taken a number of temporary jobs in hopes of finding something she really likes. Jenny is most likely in Super's ____ phase of developmental tasks. ​

A)deceleration
B)stabilization
C)implementation
D)maintenance

Question 12

According to Holland, people choose occupations that optimize ​

A)income.
B)socialization.
C)the fit with personality.
D)intellect.

Question 13

Super's theory of occupational development places individuals along a continuum of ​

A)job satisfaction. ​
B)occupational priorities.
C)comparable worth.
D)vocational maturity.

Question 14

People tend to ____ college courses and majors that fit their personalities. ​

A)avoid
B)like
C)dislike
D)fail

Question 15

Super would predict that 23-year-old Sophie is most likely in the ____ phase of developmental tasks. ​

A)maintenance
B)implementation
C)establishment
D)deceleration

Question 16

In his book The Prophet , Gibran (1923)stated that "____ is love made visible." ​

A)sex
B)a smile
C)work
D)birth

Question 17

Since being promoted to an executive position a few years ago, Alison continued to find ways to work her way up the corporate ladder. Alison is most likely in Super's ____ phase of developmental tasks. ​

A)retirement
B)consolidation
C)specification
D)implementation

Question 18

Holland categorizes occupations using the dimensions of ​

A)interpersonal settings and lifestyle.
B)lifestyle and income.
C)income and education level.
D)education level and interpersonal settings.

Question 19

The concept called meaning-mission fit can be defined as the ​

A)alignment between an executive's personal intentions and his or her firm's mission.
B)alignment between the meaning that an individual gives a job and his or her self-perceptions.
C)meaning that an individual derives from him or her work.
D)alignment between the fulfillment an individual receives from his or her job and the financial rewards.

Question 20

Barack Obama was used as an example of a "____" concerning occupational development. ​

A)dead ender
B)two timer
C)fast tracker
D)inside outer

Question 21

Job satisfaction in individuals with a good fit between themselves and their occupation tends to ​

A)increase with age.
B)remain stable across time.
C)decrease with age.
D)follow no clear pattern.

Question 22

How are mentoring and generativity related? ​

A)Mentoring is one avenue for achieving generativity.
B)Generativity causes mentoring.
C)Individuals who mentor are less likely to express generativity.
D)Mentoring is done by the employee, and generativity is done by the employer.

Question 23

When Debra started her new job, she met Rosalind, an experienced worker who took Debra "under her wing." Rosalind gave Debra many pointers and was always there when Debra had a question about what to do or why she needed to do it. Rosalind served as a ____ for Debra. ​

A)mentor
B)career plateau
C)realistic type
D)conventional type

Question 24

Julie is a female lawyer who has a mentor. Compared to her female colleagues who have no mentors, Julie is more likely to ​

A)consider changing occupations.
B)experience more work-family conflict.
C)be less intent to continue to practice law.
D)make more money.

Question 25

According to the Klassen, Usher, and Bong's (2010)study of job satisfaction across cultures, lower teacher satisfaction is related to ​

A)higher amounts of efficacy and lower levels of stress.
B)lower amounts of efficacy and high levels of stress.
C)higher levels of stress and high importance of collectivism.
D)lower levels of stress and low importance of collectivism.

Question 26

Which statement with regard to mentors is true? ​

A)A poor mentor is worse than having no mentor at all.
B)The best mentors are given to, not chosen by, a protégé.
C)A mentor of the opposite sex is a recipe for disaster.
D)Any mentoring, even bad mentoring, can only help in one's career.

Question 27

Kurt always had visions of a very extravagant, luxurious, happy life as a rock star. When he finally became a rock star, he found it to be lonelier and far less satisfying than he had imagined. Kurt is experiencing ​

A)the glass ceiling.
B)occupational priorities.
C)a dream.
D)reality shock.

Question 28

Which of the following is true regarding the predictors of job satisfaction cross-culturally? ​

A)Predictors of job satisfaction are different across countries.
B)The degree to which predictors predict job satisfaction depends on age.
C)Predictors of job satisfaction are the same across countries.
D)Some predictors of job satisfaction transcend countries, while others do not.

Question 29

Hideki has recently relocated from Japan and is now employed at an American business. To make sure that his mentoring relationship will be effective, it is important that his mentor is ​

A)also Japanese.
B)not necessarily Japanese but Asian.
C)culturally conscious.
D)a male.

Question 30

Job satisfaction is defined as ​

A)positive feelings resulting from appraisal of one's work.
B)any type of feeling resulting from appraisal of one's work.
C)a motor behavior taken to improve one's job performance.
D)any behavior engaged in to improve one's job performance.

Question 31

Angela was a teacher who spent lots of time preparing lessons and grading papers, but she hadn't expecting teaching to take so much of her time and energy. Her education had not prepared her for what teaching would really be like. If she represents the average worker, her most likely reactions would involve ​

A)resolve to change the system.
B)reality shock.
C)dropping her friendships.
D)suing the company.

Question 32

Women who are mentored receive several benefits. Which benefit is most likely to occur? ​

A)Fewer working hours
B)Satisfaction with current roles
C)Firing "bad" employees
D)Higher career expectations

Question 33

Another term for mentor is ​

A)boss.
B)developmental coach.
C)executive.
D)inspirational leader.

Question 34

Psychological capital theory states that ​

A)people are happiest when they are not working.
B)only white-collar workers can achieve job satisfaction.
C)happiness fuels success.
D)the higher your income, the happier you feel.

Question 35

A mentor provides ____ learning experiences to mentees. ​

A)classroom
B)on-the-job
C)reciprocally-based
D)standardized

Question 36

Priscilla is having a difficult time finding a female who will mentor her on her new middle management position. This is most likely occurring because ​

A)there are few women in management positions who could mentor her. ​
B)few female managers want to mentor new employees.
C)most women want to mentor male employees.
D)research has found that women do not benefit from mentoring.

Question 37

Serving as a mentor has helped Jaclyn feel like she's contributed significantly to the long-term success of the organization. This role has helped her fulfill aspects of Erikson's phase of ​

A)identity.
B)basic trust.
C)generativity.
D)intimacy.

Question 38

Because it is important to match prospective mentors and mentees effectively, some organizations have created ____. ​

A)automated call mentoring
B)mentoring websites
C)speed mentoring
D)legal guidelines

Question 39

Mona has just reached age 30 and has realized that she has not come close to achieving her career expectations. If she is typical for her gender, her most likely response would be to ​

A)move ahead toward a higher managerial position.
B)go back to school.
C)change job expectations.
D)get married.

Question 40

Which statement about the development of job satisfaction is true? ​

A)Blue-collar workers' level of job satisfaction rises quicker than that of white-collar workers.
B)Job satisfaction decreases when responsibility is increased.
C)Job satisfaction tends to increase gradually with age.
D)When older workers begin to make work less of a focus in their lives, it takes more to keep them satisfied with work.

Question 41

Compared to women working in traditional occupations, women in nontraditional occupations are ​

A)less likely to believe that they are being sexually harassed.
B)more likely to believe that they are being sexually harassed.
C)less likely to experience sexual harassment.
D)more likely to experience sexual harassment.

Question 42

Occupational burnout comes from excessive ​

A)feelings of exploitation.
B)disconnection from coworkers.
C)underutilization.
D)belief that one's job really doesn't matter to the company.

Question 43

If Zack is like the alienated workers interviewed in Terkel's (1974)classic study, he would most likely describe himself as a ​

A)"ghost in the machine of industry."
B)"cog in a faceless machine of industry."
C)"machine head."
D)"warrior ready to rage against the machine."

Question 44

Beatrice simply has no energy left for her job. She is totally unmotivated and feels exploited by the company for which she works. She is best described as experiencing ​

A)alienation.
B)burn out.
C)job satisfaction.
D)vocational maturity.

Question 45

If he is like most alienated workers, Rocky would be most likely to explain his feelings about his job by saying, ​

A)"My pay is too low."
B)"My job is meaningless; I'm nothing more than a replaceable part."
C)"I could really use a mentor."
D)"Most days on the job I really like my responsibilities, but there are some days I'd rather forget."

Question 46

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in order for an occupation to be classified as "nontraditional for women," women must comprise ____ percent or less of the total number of people employed in that occupation. ​

A)50
B)25
C)10
D)5

Question 47

As the owner of a business worried about employee burnout, you should attempt to ​

A)reduce interoffice communication.
B)reassure workers that what they do at an individual level does not really impact the overall business.
C)provide regular feedback to workers about their performance.
D)add more bureaucratic paperwork.

Question 48

One way to avoid burnout in employees is to ____ . ​

A)increase expectations
B)de-emphasize identity
C)foster passion
D)increase stress

Question 49

Candice drives big-rig trucks for a living. How is she likely to be viewed by other adults? ​

A)Males and females will view her negatively.
B)Males will view her negatively; females will view her positively.
C)Males will view her positively; females will view her negatively.
D)Males and females will view her positively.

Question 50

Who is most likely to experience alienation and job dissatisfaction? ​

A)Fred, who feels skeptical
B)Barney, who feels exhausted
C)Wilma, who feels devalued
D)Betty, who feels appreciated

Question 51

What is one significant change in the labor market that is also changing the notion of job satisfaction? ​

A)Increases in white-collar jobs and decreases in blue-collar jobs
B)Fewer prospects of having a long career in one organization
C)Increases in older workers across occupations
D)Increases in women across all occupations

Question 52

Devin was born in 1950. As such, he is best classified as part of the ____ generation. ​

A)lost
B)baby-boomer
C)generation X
D)millennial

Question 53

Who is most likely to experience burnout? ​

A)Michael, who is a factory worker
B)Natalie, who is a freelance worker
C)Tom, who is a psychologist
D)Juliana, who is a musician

Question 54

Edsel is an autoworker on an assembly line. When asked to comment on his job, Edsel says, "First, I am a nothing to this company. Second, my 'do-nothing' job serves no purpose in the production of automobiles." Edsel is best described as ​

A)burned out.
B)generative.
C)having poor occupational priorities.
D)alienated.

Question 55

Which professions have the lowest percentage of women? ​

A)physicians and surgeons
B)architects and engineers
C)airline pilots and flight engineers
D)chefs and head cooks

Question 56

A worker described as ____ is most likely to feel devalued. ​

A)burned out
B)alienated
C)plateauing
D)generative

Question 57

Research shows that men prefer to date women who are in ____ careers. ​

A)traditional
B)part-time
C)nontraditional
D)skilled trade

Question 58

Which manager's strategy for preventing alienation in company workers will probably work best? ​

A)Judith's, who wants to cut salaries to increase the likelihood that workers will continue because they like their job, not because they make money
B)Michael's, who wants to help alleviate job stress by making sure workers know nothing of the day-to-day operations of the company
C)Colleen's, who wants to include workers in the company's decision-making process
D)Dennis's, who wants to fire workers at random so that no one will ever know if they are going to have a job tomorrow or not

Question 59

The hot dog processing factory that Oscar works at recently instituted a total quality management program to better include workers in the planning process. This was most likely done in response to workers' complaints about ​

A)alienation.
B)career plateauing.
C)age discrimination.
D)a glass ceiling.

Question 60

How many of the following would be considered part of the millennials: Billy, born in 1970; Jilly, born in 1980; Dilly, born in 1990; and Milly, born in 2000? ​

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 61

Research on women working in the corporate world indicated that one reason professional women leave their job is that the common corporate structure does not value ​

A)an interdependent worker.
B)competence.
C)self-sufficiency.
D)competition.

Question 62

A key reason for women leaving the workforce is that they feel ​

A)that employers demand too much collaboration.
B)that employment is a masculine trait.
C)technologically inept.
D)disconnected from the workplace.

Question 63

The "glass ceiling" for women is most pronounced in their inability to ​

A)attain a job in a traditionally male occupation.
B)enter the job force at any level.
C)keep a low-tier job.
D)rise to the highest level of management in a company.

Question 64

Research on women working in the corporate world indicated that women professionals are most likely to leave that career because they ​

A)become income driven.
B)need more education to be successful.
C)are pressured to by their husbands or boyfriends.
D)find themselves not being rewarded for the relational skills they value.

Question 65

Fran finds that no matter what she does or how well she performs, she cannot get promoted above a certain mid-management position in her company. Fran is most likely experiencing ​

A)burn out.
B)alienation.
C)role conflict.
D)a glass ceiling.

Question 66

Occupational aspiration is best thought of as the job ​

A)you would like to get.
B)that you likely have.
C)your parents want you to have.
D)you will never attain.

Question 67

Mr. French has been denied a job as a nanny solely because he is a male. This provides an example of ​

A)gender discrimination.
B)sexual harassment.
C)burn out.
D)alienation.

Question 68

The Millennial Generation will bring a high degree of ____ into the workforce. ​

A)technological sophistication
B)supplemental mentors
C)nontraditional workers
D)childcare workers

Question 69

Naomi feels trapped in her job. Even though she believes she has the ability and training to move up in her work setting, there appear to be no opportunities for her to do so. Naomi is experiencing ​

A)a glass ceiling.
B)affirmative action.
C)work-family conflict.
D)vocational maturity.

Question 70

When Bundy applies for a job as a shoe salesperson, he is told, "Right now, we are only hiring females."  This is an example of ​

A)comparable worth.
B)gender discrimination.
C)a glass ceiling.
D)sexual harassment.

Question 71

Marisa (who is European American)and her female friend Destiny (who is African American)are both pursuing careers in traditionally male occupations. How is their preparation likely to differ? ​

A)Marisa will become more educated than is necessary for the position.
B)Destiny will become more educated than is necessary for the position.
C)Marisa will not receive negative reactions to her decision.
D)Destiny will not receive negative reactions to her decision.

Question 72

Which tends to be considered a feminine-valued characteristic? ​

A)Independence
B)Interdependence
C)Self-sufficiency
D)Competitiveness

Question 73

Lisa is an executive at her company, but her future in this position is uncertain. What is she experiencing? ​

A)sexual harassment
B)age discrimination
C)a glass ceiling
D)a glass cliff

Question 74

When millennial-generation college women explore nontraditional career options, they tend to ​

A)still commit more to traditional occupations.
B)change their political affiliation.
C)commit more to such alternatives.
D)not marry.

Question 75

Gen-X women ​

A)seldom start their own business.
B)often negotiate on more than just salaries.
C)reject the idea of home-based businesses.
D)tend to be unconcerned about childcare issues.

Question 76

A "glass ceiling" is best described as a(n)​

A)barrier preventing advancement in a company.
B)sex-based form of rapid advancement in a company.
C)example of the use of the reasonable woman standard.
D)method for encouraging mentoring of ethnic minority workers.

Question 77

The textbook defines gender discrimination as something that ​

A)involves the denial of a job.
B)only affects women.
C)is very uncommon.
D)is found only in ethnic minority populations.

Question 78

You are the head of a company with a "glass ceiling." If you would like to eliminate this problem, what should you do? ​

A)Be less democratic with your employees.
B)Reduce access to mentors.
C)Employ a less diverse workforce.
D)Provide more feedback about promotions.

Question 79

What would break down a "glass ceiling?" ​

A)Hiring more females
B)Paying females at an equitable level to males
C)Promoting more women to upper-tier jobs
D)Having more female mentors

Question 80

In 2014, less than ____ percent of Fortune 500 companies had women in CEO positions. ​

A)15
B)10
C)5
D)30