Deck 13: Making It in Midlife: the Biopsychosocial Challenges of Middle Adulthood 

Question 1

One difference between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis is that

A)osteoarthritis is not painful.
B)osteoarthritis typically occurs in adolescence.
C)there is more swelling of the joints in rheumatoid arthritis.
D)women are more likely to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How are menopause and the climacteric related?

A)Menopause typically ends right before the climacteric.
B)The climacteric typically ends right before menopause.
C)Menopause occurs during the climacteric.
D)Menopause and the climacteric are unrelated.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

____ is the leading cause of broken bones in older women.

A)Osteoarthritis
B)Rheumatoid arthritis
C)Osteoporosis
D)Car accidents

Answer 3

C

Question 4

While at a checkup, 40-year-old Betty listens as her physician, Dr. White, describes Betty's current health. Which of Dr. White's statements would suggest that Betty is experiencing the climacteric?

A)"Do genetic disorders run in your family?"
B)"I hope that you have all the children you want."
C)"The loss of memory will be slow but significant."
D)"Some of your blood cells have begun to alter their shape."

Question 5

Rheumatoid arthritis ____ osteoarthritis.

A)is another name for
B)impacts different joints than
C)always precedes ​
D)is a noninflammatory version of

Question 6

Who is at the greatest risk of currently experiencing osteoporosis?

A)Martha, who is a 20-year-old female
B)George, who is a 30-year-old male
C)Mary, who is a 60-year-old female
D)Abe, who is a 70-year-old male

Question 7

Misha often experiences severe swelling and joint pain in her fingers and wrists each morning. This pattern of symptoms is most likely due to

A)rheumatoid arthritis.
B)osteoarthritis.
C)the climacteric.
D)osteoporosis.

Question 8

As women reach the climacteric, their menstruation cycles

A)continue regularly for the remainder of their lives.
B)become irregular and gradually stop altogether.
C)become more and more irregular, but they never completely stop.
D)stop all at once.

Question 9

Which is best characterized as a "wear-and-tear" disease?

A)Osteoporosis
B)Osteoarthritis
C)Rheumatoid arthritis
D)Menopause

Question 10

The defining element of "the climacteric" involves the loss of

A)the natural ability to produce children.
B)cancer-fighting agents.
C)emotional stability.
D)blood flow through the circulatory system.

Question 11

Fifty-five-year-old Claire stopped menstruating some time ago. She is disappointed because she really wanted to have more children. What would a competent physician tell her?

A)"Sorry, your childbearing days are now behind you."
B)"Just stop taking hormones and you could get pregnant again."
C)"It may be possible for you to have more children via in vitro fertilization."
D)"If you do HRT, you have a good chance of getting pregnant."

Question 12

Connie is a knowledgeable individual so when her physician tells her that she will be put on a biophosphonate, Connie realizes that she most likely has

A)menopause.
B)high blood pressure.
C)cancer.
D)osteoporosis.

Question 13

Osteoporosis is best thought of as involving a loss of bone

A)brittleness.
B)porousness.
C)hormones.
D)mass.

Question 14

Sixty-year-old Wendell is being examined by his physician. Wendell's symptoms include joint pain that has gradually increased. When his doctor says, "Your pain is due to the damage to your cartilage caused by severe use over your lifetime," you should correctly conclude that Wendell will be diagnosed with

A)the climacteric.
B)rheumatoid arthritis.
C)osteoporosis.
D)osteoarthritis.

Question 15

Which statement concerning rheumatoid arthritis is true?

A)Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis need to avoid aspirin.
B)Rheumatoid arthritis is inherited.
C)Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis come and go.
D)Rheumatoid arthritis affects large joints (e.g., hips)but not small joints (e.g., fingers).

Question 16

The rate of osteoporosis is directly affected by the metabolism rate of vitamin

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.

Question 17

Fifty-year-old Esmeralda has been a heavy smoker since her youth. In addition, she lives in a sunny climate and always has a deep tan. You would expect that she has ____ than most other people her age. ​

A)more gray hair
B)a larger middle-aged bulge
C)more wrinkles
D)less hair

Question 18

Forty-five-year-old Marilyn, who is very concerned about osteoporosis, seeks medical advice from her physician. Which advice would her physician be least likely to give?

A)"Let's try increasing your alcohol consumption."
B)"Let's try increasing your estrogen level."
C)"Let's try increasing your exercise rate."
D)"Let's try increasing your calcium consumption."

Question 19

As Dr. Benton is looking at an X-ray of bones in your leg, his comment, ____, would indicate that you may have osteoporosis.

A)"I see less mass than normal"
B)"I see excessive encapsulation"
C)"I see a significant increase in density"
D)"I see very little plaque"

Question 20

The metabolic slowdown common to individuals in their early 30s and mid-50s will lead to ____ in many males. ​

A)gray hair
B)a middle-aged bulge
C)wrinkles
D)hair loss

Question 21

Compared to the average middle-aged man, the average middle-aged woman tends to rate stressful experiences

A)less negatively and to report more stress in family areas.
B)experiences more negatively and to report more stress in family areas.
C)experiences less negatively and to report more stress in financial areas.
D)experiences more negatively and to report more stress in financial areas.

Question 22

Results from the Women's Health Initiative study begun in 1991 revealed that the risk for ____ decreased in those taking estrogen plus progestin.

A)hip fractures
B)blood clots
C)breast cancer
D)heart attack

Question 23

The loss of an available partner in older age

A)is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for both men and women.
B)is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for men but not for women.
C)is a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for women but not for men.
D)is not a factor in the decrease in sexual intercourse for men or women.

Question 24

For Beth, menopause just ended. Which change should she expect?

A)Enlarged vaginal walls
B)Enlarged external genitalia
C)Reduced vaginal lubrication
D)Reduced possibility of painful intercourse

Question 25

Serina is looking forward to menopause and aging. Based on this information, what is Serina's ethnic background?

A)Asian
B)Middle Eastern
C)European American
D)Mayan

Question 26

Tom has always wanted to be a father but has not yet found an acceptable partner. He is now 35 years old, healthy, and beginning to be concerned about how much longer he will remain fertile. When he asks his doctor about this, his doctor tells him that he will probably be capable of fathering a child

A)until he is about 45 years old.
B)until he is about 65 years old.
C)until he is about 85 years old.
D)for the rest of his life.

Question 27

Yasmin is told that she will be taking selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). What medical condition is most likely being treated?

A)High blood pressure
B)Menopause
C)Breast cancer
D)Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 28

Perimenopause is accompanied by decreases in ____ and ____ levels.

A)estrogen; progesterone
B)estrogen; testosterone
C)progesterone; cortisol
D)cortisol; testosterone

Question 29

As a typical middle-aged male, Rasheed will most likely experience

A)a brief increase in sperm production.
B)a shorter resolution phase.
C)a prostate gland that becomes enlarged.
D)more perceived demand to ejaculate.

Question 30

Analyzing how a person thinks about her job and how that job situation ends up affecting the individual both psychologically and physically would be an example of an application of the

A)encapsulation pattern.
B)Type A behavior pattern.
C)stress and coping paradigm.
D)generativity versus stagnation paradigm.

Question 31

Shelly is a 46-year-old woman whose menstrual cycle has changed and is now more irregular and infrequent. Which term best describes Shelly's condition?

A)Menopause
B)Midlife crisis
C)Perimenopause ​
D)Encapsulated

Question 32

Albine's physician has just informed her that she will need to begin hormone replacement therapy. In addition to estrogen, what hormone should Albine expect to be replaced?

A)Dopamine
B)Testosterone
C)Serotonin
D)Progesterone

Question 33

Some males experience an age-related decline in ____ resulting in menopause-like symptoms.

A)testosterone
B)dopamine
C)estrogen
D)progestin

Question 34

For which occupation would you expect the least stress-related health problems?

A)Social worker
B)CEO of a computer company
C)Truck driver
D)Waiter

Question 35

The primary reason that elderly women show a decline in sexual activity involves

A)a normal physiological lack of interest.
B)failure to achieve orgasm.
C)the lack of a willing or appropriate partner.
D)pain associated with vaginal changes.

Question 36

The stress and coping paradigm focuses on the interactive relationship between

A)person and environment.
B)mind and body.
C)hormones and neurotransmitters.
D)family and work.

Question 37

Who is likely to experience the most job-related stress?

A)Tina, who has complete control over her job
B)Lena, who has moderate control over her job
C)Katrina, who has some control over her job
D)Deena, who has no control over her job

Question 38

Which of the following are hormonal-related symptoms of menopause?

A)Poor respiration and hot flashes
B)Hot flashes and vaginal dryness
C)Vaginal dryness and joint stiffness
D)Joint stiffness and poor respiration

Question 39

Declining levels of estrogen typically do not increase the risk of

A)osteoporosis.
B)memory loss.
C)weight loss.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 40

At what age is women's risk of cardiovascular disease equal to that of men's?

A)50
B)40
C)60
D)30

Question 41

Max engages in regular aerobic exercise. Relative to those who do not exercise, Max is likely to

A)be more depressed.
B)function better cognitively.
C)show inhibited oxygen consumption. ​
D)have higher blood pressure.

Question 42

Aerobic exercise is defined as a pulse rate between ____ percent of a person's maximum rate.

A)40-70
B)50-80
C)60-90
D)70-100

Question 43

Exercise

A)is not related to physical health.
B)can significantly slow the aging process.
C)is beneficial to health but does not affect the aging process.
D)should be avoided by people over 50 years old.

Question 44

Tabitha just had a conversation with her boss in which he told her that there would be some future layoffs due to budget cuts. Tabitha feels an increase in stress due to the conversation with her boss. She would be best described as experiencing

A)primary appraisal.
B)secondary appraisal.
C)reappraisal.
D)post-appraisal.

Question 45

A person's maximum heart rate is calculated by subtracting his or her age from

A)100.
B)160.
C)220.
D)280.

Question 46

Stress has been shown to decrease

A)angina.
B)cholesterol levels.
C)risk for irritable bowel syndrome.
D)estrogen levels.

Question 47

Which runner is engaging in aerobic exercise?

A)John, a 20-year-old whose heart rate is 210 ​
B)Denver , a 40-year-old whose heart rate is 100
C)Sean, a 50-year-old whose heart rate is 130
D)Austin , a 90 years old whose heart rate is 50

Question 48

Sylvester is extremely anxious about an upcoming physics exam. He cancels his plans with his friends and stays home to study an extra day. Sylvester is practicing

A)emotion-focused coping.
B)appraisal.
C)mindfulness-based stress reduction.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 49

Joy reads a note on her desk that says, "Joy, come to my office immediately. Signed, The Boss." Joy immediately interprets this message as a threat to her job and her livelihood and is not sure she can deal with it. Joy's interpretation of this note exemplifies

A)coping.
B)an appraisal.
C)stagnation.
D)filial obligation.

Question 50

Heather is experiencing a great deal of stress. She has tried relaxation training, thinking about life events in a different way, and even talking to her friends. All of these strategies are best classified as attempts at

A)repression.
B)coping.
C)stagnation.
D)appraisal.

Question 51

____ intelligence is defined as involving the skills and knowledge necessary for adapting to one's physical and social environment.

A)Fluid
B)Traditional
C)Practical
D)Unexercised

Question 52

Coping is defined as any

A)attempt to deal with stress.
B)attempt to deal with stress that is repeated on at least two occasions.
C)rational attempt to deal with stress.
D)successful attempt to deal with stress.

Question 53

Yoga and meditation are examples of

A)aerobic exercise.
B)primary appraisal.
C)mindfulness-based stress reduction.
D)secondary appraisal.

Question 54

After being robbed at gunpoint at night, Chelsea is anxious and is afraid to leave her house after dark. Chelsea is experiencing symptoms of

A)depression. ​
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)stress reduction.
D)cardiovascular disease.

Question 55

Jen has heard that Ben is cheating on her, but does not believe it. However, after being shown pictures of Ben interacting romantically with another woman, Jen believes him to be cheating and feels more stress. Jen is experiencing

A)reappraisal.
B)post-appraisal.
C)primary appraisal.
D)secondary appraisal.

Question 56

What is the name for the process we experience when we evaluate our ability to cope with a challenge?

A)Post-appraisal
B)Secondary appraisal
C)Primary appraisal
D)Reappraisal

Question 57

Stacy has lost her wallet with all of her cash, credit cards, and identification in it. She asks herself, "What can I do about this?" Stacy is in the ____ process.

A)reappraisal
B)secondary appraisal
C)post-appraisal
D)primary appraisal

Question 58

_____ is the process by which we categorize events into three groups based on the significance they have on our well-being: irrelevant, positive, or stressful.

A)Secondary appraisal
B)Menopause
C)Primary appraisal ​
D)Rappraisal

Question 59

Though Elsa does not score particularly high on traditional intelligence tests, she is very good at understanding income tax forms, can deal well with all different kinds of people, and is a good troubleshooter around the home and office. Elsa exhibits

A)concrete thinking.
B)fluid intelligence.
C)high unexercised ability. ​
D)practical intelligence.

Question 60

Dr. Zorba is giving 44-year-old Annette an intelligence test. Annette finds that she really likes answering the questions because they seem to be based on her life experiences. Dr. Zorba is most likely attempting to assess Annette's

A)practical intelligence.
B)generativity.
C)ego resilience.
D)fluid intelligence.

Question 61

Paula is an expert on the history of rock music while Donald is a novice. This means that Paula ____ than Donald.

A)is less curious about rock music ​
B)is more intelligent
C)uses more steps in the thinking process when coming up with answers about rock music
D)is more effective at determining correct solutions concerning rock music

Question 62

The ____ of intelligence is most likely to be affected by the culture in which you were raised.

A)process of thinking
B)mechanics
C)information processing
D)pragmatics

Question 63

Which is the best example of a measure of practical intelligence?

A)The MMPI ​
B)The Stanford-Binet
C)Knowing how to balance a checkbook
D)Knowing the square root of every number less than 100

Question 64

Which term does not belong with the rest?

A)Pragmatics of intelligence
B)Mechanics of intelligence
C)Psychological force impact on intelligence
D)Sociocultural force impact on intelligence

Question 65

What would best be classified as an instrumental task?

A)Taking an IQ test
B)Teaching at a college
C)Climbing Mount Everest
D)Driving to work

Question 66

The mechanics of intelligence best fits with which description?

A)Experienced-based
B)Neurophysiological
C)Content-rich
D)Culturally dependent

Question 67

Which describes the normal pattern of pragmatics and mechanics intelligence development between ages 25 and 70?

A)Both pragmatics and mechanics increase with age.
B)Both pragmatics and mechanics decrease with age.
C)Pragmatics remains constant while mechanics decreases.
D)Mechanics remains constant while pragmatics decreases.

Question 68

The "biological process of thinking" would be best associated with

A)neuroticism.
B)the mechanics of intelligence.
C)cultural influences.
D)the pragmatics of intelligence.

Question 69

Which of the following is one of the outcomes of expertise?

A)An increase in the ability to explain how one arrives at a particular answer
B)Less flexible thinking
C)Less focused thinking
D)A decrease in the ability to explain how one arrives at a particular answer

Question 70

Mechanics of intelligence is to pragmatics of intelligence as

A)thoughts are to hormones.
B)battery is to automobile.
C)fluid is to crystallized.
D)real life is to theoretical

Question 71

Based on research, which of the following statements best summarizes how middle-aged adults solve problems?

A)Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a problem-focused approach.
B)Middle-aged adults solve all problems with a passive-dependent approach.
C)Middle-aged adults solve problems similarly regardless of the emotional issues involved.
D)Middle-aged adults solve problems differently depending on the type of problem.

Question 72

Which best exemplifies a sociocultural impact on intelligence?

A)Learning how to drive by practicing driving
B)Americans who fear those from the Middle East following the 9/11 attacks
C)An increase in synaptic connections that results in a higher test score
D)Learning to cook by reading a cookbook

Question 73

Who is most likely to deal with an instrumental problem using a problem-focused strategy?

A)10-year-old Buddy
B)20-year-old Holly
C)30-year-old Ray ​
D)40-year-old Charles

Question 74

Dharma is upset with the lack of manners her husband Greg displays while eating, so she looks away or leaves the table each time her husband behaves this way. Dharma's response is best classified as

A)a cognitive analysis.
B)passive-dependent.
C)avoidant thinking.
D)problem-focused action.

Question 75

How is expert problem-solving different from problem-solving by a novice?

A)Novices are more curious
B)Experts come to solutions faster
C)Novices follow fewer rules
D)Experts demonstrate less flexibility in thought

Question 76

When confronted with a problem in his relationships with his wife, Frank scoffs it off, saying "Ahhh, that's not really an issue...it will work itself out." This is probably best classified as

A)cognitive analysis.
B)avoidant thinking.
C)passive-dependent behavior. ​
D)problem-focused action.

Question 77

Which of the following is true about real-life problems?

A)People are not motivated to solve them.
B)Personal experience is irrelevant.
C)They have more than one correct answer.
D)They are very similar to traditional tests of intelligence.

Question 78

According to research by Blanchard-Fields (2007), ____ of an middle-aged adult would  most likely to be dealt with via avoidance-denial.

A)death of a spouse
B)buying groceries
C)mowing the lawn
D)writing a thank you note

Question 79

What description does not accurately describe the skills that people with high practical intelligence have?

A)People with higher practical intelligence come up with more efficient ways to solve problems in daily life.
B)People with higher practical intelligence are able to deal with change more quickly.
C)People with higher practical intelligence are able to persuade people to change the way they do things.
D)People with higher practical intelligence plan more effectively to prevent problems.

Question 80

McGuyver is trapped in a room with seemingly no way out. While contemplating his escape, he thinks about how part of the bed in the room could be used to make a helicopter. This practical thought is best classified as

A)problem-focused action.
B)cognitive analysis.
C)avoidant thinking.
D)denial.