Deck 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues 

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Question
How do you move from an adaptation level to the zone of maximum performance potential?

A)Significantly increase press
B)Slightly increase press
C)Slightly decrease press
D)Significantly decrease press
Use Space or
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Question
Since he is the next in line for the throne, Prince William must attend formal gatherings nearly every day. Such gatherings represent

A)proactivity.
B)discontinuity.
C)environmental press.
D)an example of competence.
Question
The fact that Kenyon can cope with his current boss's bad attitude because he has had past experience dealing with similar bosses is best explained by

A)continuity theory.
B)mechanics intelligence.
C)the social convoy.
D)cross-linking theory.
Question
An individual with a sense of ____ continuity would be most likely to say, "I hate my life because every day is just like the last."

A)no
B)too little
C)a moderate level of
D)too much
Question
Winnie is a supervisor of several employees. She believes that her employees, though happy on the job, could be producing more than they are. She decides to try to get them into their "zone of maximum performance potential." What is she going to have to do to accomplish this?

A)Increase their environmental press
B)Increase their competence
C)Increase their sense of continuity
D)Encourage docility
Question
Adaptation level is reached when

A)competence exceeds an environmental press.
B)environmental press exceeds competence.
C)the environmental press makes no demands on competence but competence still exists.
D)the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence.
Question
As with many individuals with senile dementia, Alois has begun to experience a reduced and distorted sense of self. This is an example of

A)external continuity. ​
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
Question
Experimenters are attempting to assess the upper limits of Ralph's physical, sensory-perceptual, cognitive, motor, and personal skills. When they are done, they will have determined Ralph's

A)proactivity.
B)continuity.
C)competence.
D)environmental press.
Question
Ever since 70-year-old Kringle was a teenager, he has always seen himself as a "happy and jolly old soul."  This describes an individual with a high level of

A)external continuity.
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
Question
Al's statement, "During the last 30 years, my living arrangement pattern would best be described as single to married with children to divorced and on my own," exemplifies

A)external continuity.
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
Question
The demands exerted on one's self by one's surroundings defines

A)an environmental press.
B)maximum comfort.
C)internal continuity.
D)competence.
Question
Although Dougie has always loved his job, he now finds that it is no longer a challenge. He has done it for so long that he has become bored with it. Because of that, he has been looking for some alternative assignments. Dougie is attempting to better his situation by

A)weakening his environmental press. ​
B)creating a zone of maximum comfort.
C)making his life less continuous.
D)demonstrating docility.
Question
Bannister has run a mile in just under four minutes, which is his best time ever. This would represent his level of ____ for this skill.

A)compliance
B)docility
C)competence
D)proactivity
Question
The upper limit of a person's ability to function in different domains is called

A)zone of maximum comfort
B)adaption level.
C)competence.
D)continuity.
Question
A university advertises that its goal is to "take all students and help them reach their highest potential." In other words, the university is attempting to help students reach their level of

A)competence.
B)proclivity.
C)proactivity.
D)internal continuity.
Question
Watching his grandchildren for the weekend has increased the environmental press in Hugo's life slightly, bringing out the best in Hugo's interpersonal skills. While watching his grandchildren, Hugo is apparently operating

A)at the adaptation level.
B)in the zone of maximum comfort.
C)in the zone of maximum performance potential.
D)in a marginal zone.
Question
Continuity theory is based on the premise that

A)change is uncommon in adulthood.
B)daily problems are solved using strategies that have been successful in the past. ​
C)the maximum level of cognitive abilities is achieved in middle adulthood.
D)environmental demands decline with age.
Question
T he comment, "I have been in this line of work for the past 35 years" is best associated with  ____.

A)external continuity.
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
Question
When you are at your "adaptation level," your

A)behavior and affect are abnormal.
B)behavior is normal and your affect is abnormal.
C)behavior is abnormal and your affect is normal.
D)behavior and affect are normal.
Question
Which adaptation level is associated with the greatest happiness and lack of worry about environmental demands?

A)Zone of maximum performance potential
B)The marginal adaptation level
C)Average level of competence and press level
D)Zone of maximum comfort
Question
Noah is trying to com ​ e to grips with the fact that he is very old and doesn't have long to live. To do this, he thinks of the things he has accomplished, the children he has raised, and the things he has done for the community. Noah is struggling with Erikson's stage of

A)generativity versus stagnation.
B)integrity versus despair.
C)intimacy versus isolation.
D)initiative versus guilt.
Question
The conflict of integrity versus despair is characterized by

A)attempting to make sense out of one's life.
B)forming an initial sense of identity.
C)a sense of great care for the next generation.
D)developing a sense of trust.
Question
The ability to exert control over one's life underlies a strong sense of

A)docility.
B)proactivity.
C)environmental press.
D)disengagement.
Question
Which of the following factors is not related to subjective well-being?

A)Hardiness
B)Marital status
C)Chronic illness
D)Culture
Question
Jeff is 73 years old. Lately, he's been thinking about the things he's done in his life-his relationships, his accomplishments, and other experiences he's had. Which term best describes what Jeff is doing?

A)Life review
B)Despair
C)Proactivity
D)Socioemotional selectivity
Question
Which combination is most likely?

A)Low proactivity and average competence
B)Low proactivity and medium competence
C)High proactivity and high competence
D)High proactivity and low competence
Question
The "zone of maximum comfort" is reached when

A)people are right at their adaptation level.
B)environmental press slightly exceeds competence.
C)people are maladaptive.
D)competence slightly exceeds environmental press.
Question
An individual with ____ well-being holds a positive self-evaluation that is based on positive life experiences.

A)dysphoric
B)indeterminate
C)subjective
D)inverse
Question
Maladaptive behavior is most likely under conditions of

A)high competence and weak environmental press.
B)medium competence and moderate environmental press.
C)low competence and weak environmental press.
D)no competence and no environmental press.
Question
Erikson would suggest that 80-year-old ____ has achieved integrity.

A)Elmer, who is highly self-conscious,
B)Christine, who is highly self-affirming,
C)Harold, who has good self-recognition skills,
D)Francis, who has excellent self-monitoring skills,
Question
Which of the following is not typically measured in an effort to assess subjective well-being?

A)Life satisfaction
B)Happiness
C)Stress
D)Self-esteem
Question
When Kayla looks back on her life, she is filled with a sense of pride and feels good about what she's done. Which term best describes these feelings?

A)Subjective well-being
B)Social convoy
C)Docility
D)Socioemotional selectivity
Question
Docility is to proactivity as

A)social is to cognitive.
B)extrovert is to introvert.
C)maximum comfort is to maximum performance.
D)situational control is to self-control.
Question
After conducting a life review, 85-year-old Gus concludes that his life was riddled with inappropriate actions and basically stunk. Based on this review, Erikson would predict that Gus would

A)be very fearful of death.
B)become proactive.
C)regress back to an earlier stage of life.
D)exhibit generativity.
Question
Hazel is tired of worrying about her new landlord. When her friends tell her to become involved to protect her interests, Hazel says, "It's too late in the day. Whatever happens, happens. I'll simply do whatever the landlord says." Hazel is exhibiting

A)docility.
B)proactivity.
C)adaptation level.
D)high levels of competence.
Question
All of the following individuals are currently in jobs that challenge them to perform at their average level of competence. Who would be entering their "zone of maximum comfort?"

A)Janet, whose job just got significantly harder
B)Tito, whose job just got slightly harder
C)Jermaine, whose job just got slightly easier
D)Mahalia, whose job just got significantly easier
Question
Docility is characterized by a sense of

A)little control.
B)intermediate care.
C)high competence.
D)proactivity.
Question
As you believe in Erikson's theory, you would most likely view your 90-year-old grandmother as struggling with a conflict of

A)generativity versus stagnation.
B)integrity versus despair.
C)identity versus role confusion.
D)industry versus inferiority.
Question
When elderly people "accept the past," they tend to ____ than people who do not.

A)be in more despair
B)be less depressed
C)have less subjective well-being
D)act more docile
Question
When businessman Eli notices that a lot of deals take place on the golf course, he signs up for golf lessons. Eli is exhibiting

A)docility.
B)proactivity.
C)environmental press.
D)disengagement.
Question
Retirement was not a possibility until after the

A)1920's.
B)1930's.
C)1960's.
D)1950's.
Question
In general, subjective well-being

A)increases in older age.
B)decreases in older age.
C)increases for older men and decreases for older women.
D)increases for older women and decreases for older men.
Question
Which statement on race and spirituality is true?

A)Older African-American women view chronic pain as part of God's plan.
B)Older African-American males are virtually uninvolved in church activities.
C)European Americans are more committed to their religions than African Americans.
D)Religion is a less important resource for European Americans than African Americans.
Question
During meditation, the brain exhibits

A)an increase in activity.
B)the same activity as during a normal resting state.
C)a decrease in activity.
D)a similar brain pattern as dementia patients.
Question
How many of the following are part of the definition of spiritual support: seeking pastoral care, expressing faith in a God, and participating in organized religious activities?

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
Question
Gender differences in subjective well-being are often thought to be due to all of the following factors except

A)prevalence of widowhood.
B)nursing home attendance rates.
C)rates of chronic illnesses.
D)social network quality.
Question
Recently the number of people over age 65 still in the workforce has

A)decreased slightly.
B)increased significantly.
C)decreased significantly.
D)remained the same as it was for decades.
Question
According to Krause and colleagues (2000), the first step in the three-step process involved in "turning a problem over to God" involves

A)differentiating things that can be done from those that cannot.
B)focusing on the part of a problem that can be changed.
C)emotionally disconnecting from things that cannot be changed.
D)engaging in prayer in which some bargain or exchange is struck.
Question
How do changes in the amygdala over time impact the regulation of emotion?

A)Younger adults have higher amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal.
B)Younger adults have lower amygdala activation and higher emotional arousal.
C)Older adults have higher amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal.
D)Older adults have lower amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal.
Question
Retirement always involves the loss of

A)integrity.
B)maximum performance potential.
C)autonomy.
D)occupational identity.
Question
When coping with high levels of stress, individuals who rely on spiritual support tend to ____ than those with a small religious commitment.

A)show lower levels of self-esteem
B)demonstrate more discomfort with rigid church dogma
C)report higher states of well-being
D)add to their burden more
Question
Research on subjective well-being across cultures has found that the

A)degree to which age is viewed positively affects well-being.
B)same factors predict successful aging in other cultures.
C)factors important in Western cultures differ from those in Eastern cultures.
D)cultures with more daily stress have poorer well-being.
Question
Which statement about spirituality and health is true?

A)Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
B)Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical but poorer mental health
C)Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better mental but poorer physical health
D)Lower levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
Question
AARP created a tool to assist people in finding their retirement path called

A)Retirement and Beyond
B)Working beyond 65.
C)Sit Down and Rest.
D)Life Reimagined.
Question
Krause and colleagues (2000)report that the final step in "letting God have it" occurs when someone

A)focuses on how to solve the problem.
B)blames God for all of life's problems.
C)begins focusing on the belief that God will determine the best outcome of life events.
D)knowing what in life can and cannot be changed.
Question
The possibility exists that mindful meditation could

A)increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
B)prevent negative changes in the brain.
C)decrease coping skills.
D)increase stress levels.
Question
While attempting to cope with the death of her sister, Megan decides to participate in a spontaneous celebration of life sponsored by a local church. For Megan, this participation is a nice example of the use of a ____ support.

A)spiritual
B)secular
C)tertiary
D)docility
Question
Higher cognitive ability predicts

A)a better emotional regulation.
B)the acquisition of a social convoy.
C)a better sense of integrity.
D)the development of generativity.
Question
Who is most likely to say, "My relationship with God helped me to overcome my depression?"

A)Sonny, who is a European-American male
B)Cher, who is a European-American female
C)Ike, who is an Asian-American male
D)Tina, who is an African-American female
Question
Research provides evidence that spiritual practices

A)decrease attention and memory.
B)lead to increased feelings of control.
C)increase the risk of dementia.
D)can positively impact brain structure.
Question
Which is the best example of a "social convoy"?

A)A newly married couple
B)Generation X
C)Several adult lifelong friends
D)A retired individual who plans to move to a community with other retirees
Question
Who would benefit the most from having friends in his or her neighborhood?

A)Jake (age 20)who lives with roommates
B)Karla (age 70)who lives alone
C)Mazie (age 60)who lives with her husband
D)Jason (age 80)who lives with family
Question
In the last few decades, the number of community organizations designed to involve older adults has

A)increased significantly.
B)increased slightly.
C)remained stable.
D)decreased slightly.
Question
Concerning satisfaction in retirement,

A)no group has been found to show increased levels of satisfaction in retirement.
B)well-being tends to drop significantly during the first year following voluntary  retirement.
C)forced retirement is associated with declines in physical and mental health.
D)early-life social challenges are almost always continued in the retirement years, even if you experience positive interactions in middle adulthood.
Question
Provided that they have good health, more workers retire ____ than for any other reason.

A)by force
B)because their spouse is retired
C)by choice
D)to engage in volunteer work
Question
In order to comfortably retire, individuals should plan to save an amount that is ____ the amount of their final salary.

A)eleven times
B)equivalent to
C)20 times
D)five times
Question
One interesting gender issue concerning satisfaction in retirement is that

A)satisfied retired wives tend to have been influenced to retire by their husbands.
B)traditional gender roles may create difficulties in older retiring males.
C)finances are only important to male retirees.
D)gender issues have no influence on retirement satisfaction.
Question
Social support appears to be most important for individuals from the ____ community.

A)European-American
B)African-American
C)Asian-American
D)Latino-American
Question
What factor is responsible for changing many peoples' retirement plans?

A)An increase in volunteer opportunities for individuals over 65
B)Fortune 500 companies lowering the retirement age to 60
C)The Great Recession
D)An increase in distributed lottery funds
Question
All of these individuals are over 70 years old. Who is most likely to be satisfied with their life?

A)Sergi, who has a close relationships with one of his sons
B)Dimitri, who has close relationships with all six of her children
C)Karl, who has a close relationship with one friend who is not a member of his family
D)Ernst, who has a close relationship with many friends who are not members of his family
Question
Which statement with regard to retirement is true?

A)In recent years, the number of organizations devoted to assisting retirees has declined.
B)Participation in leisure activities during retirement tends to result in declines in satisfaction.
C)Part-time employment following retirement can be the result of a desire to stay connected to one's former life/career.
D)Retiree volunteerism appears to have little positive impact on society.
Question
Older women have a ____ number of friends characterized by ____.

A)greater; less intimacy
B)greater; more intimacy
C)smaller; more intimacy
D)smaller; less intimacy
Question
Concerning a partner's decision to retire,

A)only women tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
B)only men tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
C)both women and men tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
D)neither women nor men tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
Question
Concerning gender and retirement,

A)women tend to have a financial advantage at retirement.
B)women tend to prepare more fully for retirement.
C)women are more likely to retire if their husbands are already retired.
D)women are less likely to fully retire.
Question
How does a person's activity level typically change after retirement?

A)The number of paid and volunteer hours both increase.
B)The number of volunteer hours increases while the paid hours decrease.
C)The number of paid hours increases while the volunteer hours decrease.
D)The number of paid and volunteer hours both decrease.
Question
According to the Employee Benefits Research Institute, most workers have ____ in total savings and investments.

A)between $25,000 and $49,999
B)less than $10,000
C)between $50,000 and $99,999
D)between $10,000 and $24,999
Question
How does the size of social convoys vary between generations?

A)Young adults have the largest convoys
B)Middle-aged adults have the largest convoys
C)Older adults have the largest convoys
D)Convoy size does not vary by generation
Question
In the United States, when compared to men, women are more likely to

A)enter the workforce earlier.
B)spend more time in the workforce.
C)spend less time planning their retirement.
D)have more continuous work histories.
Question
Eric has maintained contact with six of his high school friends for the last 60 years. They often get together for activities, to socialize, and to simply spend time together. Eric and his longtime friends would be best described as a(n)

A)zone of maximal performance potential.
B)environmental press.
C)zone of minimal comfort.
D)social convoy.
Question
Many employers have ____ employee pension plans.

A)eliminated
B)increased
C)adequate
D)offered stock options with their
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Deck 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial, Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues 
1
How do you move from an adaptation level to the zone of maximum performance potential?

A)Significantly increase press
B)Slightly increase press
C)Slightly decrease press
D)Significantly decrease press
B
2
Since he is the next in line for the throne, Prince William must attend formal gatherings nearly every day. Such gatherings represent

A)proactivity.
B)discontinuity.
C)environmental press.
D)an example of competence.
C
3
The fact that Kenyon can cope with his current boss's bad attitude because he has had past experience dealing with similar bosses is best explained by

A)continuity theory.
B)mechanics intelligence.
C)the social convoy.
D)cross-linking theory.
A
4
An individual with a sense of ____ continuity would be most likely to say, "I hate my life because every day is just like the last."

A)no
B)too little
C)a moderate level of
D)too much
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k this deck
5
Winnie is a supervisor of several employees. She believes that her employees, though happy on the job, could be producing more than they are. She decides to try to get them into their "zone of maximum performance potential." What is she going to have to do to accomplish this?

A)Increase their environmental press
B)Increase their competence
C)Increase their sense of continuity
D)Encourage docility
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k this deck
6
Adaptation level is reached when

A)competence exceeds an environmental press.
B)environmental press exceeds competence.
C)the environmental press makes no demands on competence but competence still exists.
D)the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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7
As with many individuals with senile dementia, Alois has begun to experience a reduced and distorted sense of self. This is an example of

A)external continuity. ​
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Experimenters are attempting to assess the upper limits of Ralph's physical, sensory-perceptual, cognitive, motor, and personal skills. When they are done, they will have determined Ralph's

A)proactivity.
B)continuity.
C)competence.
D)environmental press.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
Ever since 70-year-old Kringle was a teenager, he has always seen himself as a "happy and jolly old soul."  This describes an individual with a high level of

A)external continuity.
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
Al's statement, "During the last 30 years, my living arrangement pattern would best be described as single to married with children to divorced and on my own," exemplifies

A)external continuity.
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
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11
The demands exerted on one's self by one's surroundings defines

A)an environmental press.
B)maximum comfort.
C)internal continuity.
D)competence.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
Although Dougie has always loved his job, he now finds that it is no longer a challenge. He has done it for so long that he has become bored with it. Because of that, he has been looking for some alternative assignments. Dougie is attempting to better his situation by

A)weakening his environmental press. ​
B)creating a zone of maximum comfort.
C)making his life less continuous.
D)demonstrating docility.
Unlock Deck
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
Bannister has run a mile in just under four minutes, which is his best time ever. This would represent his level of ____ for this skill.

A)compliance
B)docility
C)competence
D)proactivity
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14
The upper limit of a person's ability to function in different domains is called

A)zone of maximum comfort
B)adaption level.
C)competence.
D)continuity.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
A university advertises that its goal is to "take all students and help them reach their highest potential." In other words, the university is attempting to help students reach their level of

A)competence.
B)proclivity.
C)proactivity.
D)internal continuity.
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Unlock Deck
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16
Watching his grandchildren for the weekend has increased the environmental press in Hugo's life slightly, bringing out the best in Hugo's interpersonal skills. While watching his grandchildren, Hugo is apparently operating

A)at the adaptation level.
B)in the zone of maximum comfort.
C)in the zone of maximum performance potential.
D)in a marginal zone.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
Continuity theory is based on the premise that

A)change is uncommon in adulthood.
B)daily problems are solved using strategies that have been successful in the past. ​
C)the maximum level of cognitive abilities is achieved in middle adulthood.
D)environmental demands decline with age.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
T he comment, "I have been in this line of work for the past 35 years" is best associated with  ____.

A)external continuity.
B)internal continuity.
C)external discontinuity.
D)internal discontinuity.
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
When you are at your "adaptation level," your

A)behavior and affect are abnormal.
B)behavior is normal and your affect is abnormal.
C)behavior is abnormal and your affect is normal.
D)behavior and affect are normal.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
Which adaptation level is associated with the greatest happiness and lack of worry about environmental demands?

A)Zone of maximum performance potential
B)The marginal adaptation level
C)Average level of competence and press level
D)Zone of maximum comfort
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21
Noah is trying to com ​ e to grips with the fact that he is very old and doesn't have long to live. To do this, he thinks of the things he has accomplished, the children he has raised, and the things he has done for the community. Noah is struggling with Erikson's stage of

A)generativity versus stagnation.
B)integrity versus despair.
C)intimacy versus isolation.
D)initiative versus guilt.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
The conflict of integrity versus despair is characterized by

A)attempting to make sense out of one's life.
B)forming an initial sense of identity.
C)a sense of great care for the next generation.
D)developing a sense of trust.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
The ability to exert control over one's life underlies a strong sense of

A)docility.
B)proactivity.
C)environmental press.
D)disengagement.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
Which of the following factors is not related to subjective well-being?

A)Hardiness
B)Marital status
C)Chronic illness
D)Culture
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
Jeff is 73 years old. Lately, he's been thinking about the things he's done in his life-his relationships, his accomplishments, and other experiences he's had. Which term best describes what Jeff is doing?

A)Life review
B)Despair
C)Proactivity
D)Socioemotional selectivity
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
Which combination is most likely?

A)Low proactivity and average competence
B)Low proactivity and medium competence
C)High proactivity and high competence
D)High proactivity and low competence
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Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
The "zone of maximum comfort" is reached when

A)people are right at their adaptation level.
B)environmental press slightly exceeds competence.
C)people are maladaptive.
D)competence slightly exceeds environmental press.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
An individual with ____ well-being holds a positive self-evaluation that is based on positive life experiences.

A)dysphoric
B)indeterminate
C)subjective
D)inverse
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k this deck
29
Maladaptive behavior is most likely under conditions of

A)high competence and weak environmental press.
B)medium competence and moderate environmental press.
C)low competence and weak environmental press.
D)no competence and no environmental press.
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30
Erikson would suggest that 80-year-old ____ has achieved integrity.

A)Elmer, who is highly self-conscious,
B)Christine, who is highly self-affirming,
C)Harold, who has good self-recognition skills,
D)Francis, who has excellent self-monitoring skills,
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31
Which of the following is not typically measured in an effort to assess subjective well-being?

A)Life satisfaction
B)Happiness
C)Stress
D)Self-esteem
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32
When Kayla looks back on her life, she is filled with a sense of pride and feels good about what she's done. Which term best describes these feelings?

A)Subjective well-being
B)Social convoy
C)Docility
D)Socioemotional selectivity
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33
Docility is to proactivity as

A)social is to cognitive.
B)extrovert is to introvert.
C)maximum comfort is to maximum performance.
D)situational control is to self-control.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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34
After conducting a life review, 85-year-old Gus concludes that his life was riddled with inappropriate actions and basically stunk. Based on this review, Erikson would predict that Gus would

A)be very fearful of death.
B)become proactive.
C)regress back to an earlier stage of life.
D)exhibit generativity.
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35
Hazel is tired of worrying about her new landlord. When her friends tell her to become involved to protect her interests, Hazel says, "It's too late in the day. Whatever happens, happens. I'll simply do whatever the landlord says." Hazel is exhibiting

A)docility.
B)proactivity.
C)adaptation level.
D)high levels of competence.
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36
All of the following individuals are currently in jobs that challenge them to perform at their average level of competence. Who would be entering their "zone of maximum comfort?"

A)Janet, whose job just got significantly harder
B)Tito, whose job just got slightly harder
C)Jermaine, whose job just got slightly easier
D)Mahalia, whose job just got significantly easier
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37
Docility is characterized by a sense of

A)little control.
B)intermediate care.
C)high competence.
D)proactivity.
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38
As you believe in Erikson's theory, you would most likely view your 90-year-old grandmother as struggling with a conflict of

A)generativity versus stagnation.
B)integrity versus despair.
C)identity versus role confusion.
D)industry versus inferiority.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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39
When elderly people "accept the past," they tend to ____ than people who do not.

A)be in more despair
B)be less depressed
C)have less subjective well-being
D)act more docile
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40
When businessman Eli notices that a lot of deals take place on the golf course, he signs up for golf lessons. Eli is exhibiting

A)docility.
B)proactivity.
C)environmental press.
D)disengagement.
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k this deck
41
Retirement was not a possibility until after the

A)1920's.
B)1930's.
C)1960's.
D)1950's.
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42
In general, subjective well-being

A)increases in older age.
B)decreases in older age.
C)increases for older men and decreases for older women.
D)increases for older women and decreases for older men.
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Unlock Deck
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43
Which statement on race and spirituality is true?

A)Older African-American women view chronic pain as part of God's plan.
B)Older African-American males are virtually uninvolved in church activities.
C)European Americans are more committed to their religions than African Americans.
D)Religion is a less important resource for European Americans than African Americans.
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44
During meditation, the brain exhibits

A)an increase in activity.
B)the same activity as during a normal resting state.
C)a decrease in activity.
D)a similar brain pattern as dementia patients.
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45
How many of the following are part of the definition of spiritual support: seeking pastoral care, expressing faith in a God, and participating in organized religious activities?

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
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46
Gender differences in subjective well-being are often thought to be due to all of the following factors except

A)prevalence of widowhood.
B)nursing home attendance rates.
C)rates of chronic illnesses.
D)social network quality.
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47
Recently the number of people over age 65 still in the workforce has

A)decreased slightly.
B)increased significantly.
C)decreased significantly.
D)remained the same as it was for decades.
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48
According to Krause and colleagues (2000), the first step in the three-step process involved in "turning a problem over to God" involves

A)differentiating things that can be done from those that cannot.
B)focusing on the part of a problem that can be changed.
C)emotionally disconnecting from things that cannot be changed.
D)engaging in prayer in which some bargain or exchange is struck.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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49
How do changes in the amygdala over time impact the regulation of emotion?

A)Younger adults have higher amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal.
B)Younger adults have lower amygdala activation and higher emotional arousal.
C)Older adults have higher amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal.
D)Older adults have lower amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal.
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Unlock Deck
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50
Retirement always involves the loss of

A)integrity.
B)maximum performance potential.
C)autonomy.
D)occupational identity.
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51
When coping with high levels of stress, individuals who rely on spiritual support tend to ____ than those with a small religious commitment.

A)show lower levels of self-esteem
B)demonstrate more discomfort with rigid church dogma
C)report higher states of well-being
D)add to their burden more
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52
Research on subjective well-being across cultures has found that the

A)degree to which age is viewed positively affects well-being.
B)same factors predict successful aging in other cultures.
C)factors important in Western cultures differ from those in Eastern cultures.
D)cultures with more daily stress have poorer well-being.
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53
Which statement about spirituality and health is true?

A)Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
B)Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical but poorer mental health
C)Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better mental but poorer physical health
D)Lower levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
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54
AARP created a tool to assist people in finding their retirement path called

A)Retirement and Beyond
B)Working beyond 65.
C)Sit Down and Rest.
D)Life Reimagined.
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55
Krause and colleagues (2000)report that the final step in "letting God have it" occurs when someone

A)focuses on how to solve the problem.
B)blames God for all of life's problems.
C)begins focusing on the belief that God will determine the best outcome of life events.
D)knowing what in life can and cannot be changed.
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56
The possibility exists that mindful meditation could

A)increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
B)prevent negative changes in the brain.
C)decrease coping skills.
D)increase stress levels.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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57
While attempting to cope with the death of her sister, Megan decides to participate in a spontaneous celebration of life sponsored by a local church. For Megan, this participation is a nice example of the use of a ____ support.

A)spiritual
B)secular
C)tertiary
D)docility
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
58
Higher cognitive ability predicts

A)a better emotional regulation.
B)the acquisition of a social convoy.
C)a better sense of integrity.
D)the development of generativity.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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59
Who is most likely to say, "My relationship with God helped me to overcome my depression?"

A)Sonny, who is a European-American male
B)Cher, who is a European-American female
C)Ike, who is an Asian-American male
D)Tina, who is an African-American female
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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60
Research provides evidence that spiritual practices

A)decrease attention and memory.
B)lead to increased feelings of control.
C)increase the risk of dementia.
D)can positively impact brain structure.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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61
Which is the best example of a "social convoy"?

A)A newly married couple
B)Generation X
C)Several adult lifelong friends
D)A retired individual who plans to move to a community with other retirees
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62
Who would benefit the most from having friends in his or her neighborhood?

A)Jake (age 20)who lives with roommates
B)Karla (age 70)who lives alone
C)Mazie (age 60)who lives with her husband
D)Jason (age 80)who lives with family
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63
In the last few decades, the number of community organizations designed to involve older adults has

A)increased significantly.
B)increased slightly.
C)remained stable.
D)decreased slightly.
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Unlock Deck
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64
Concerning satisfaction in retirement,

A)no group has been found to show increased levels of satisfaction in retirement.
B)well-being tends to drop significantly during the first year following voluntary  retirement.
C)forced retirement is associated with declines in physical and mental health.
D)early-life social challenges are almost always continued in the retirement years, even if you experience positive interactions in middle adulthood.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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65
Provided that they have good health, more workers retire ____ than for any other reason.

A)by force
B)because their spouse is retired
C)by choice
D)to engage in volunteer work
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66
In order to comfortably retire, individuals should plan to save an amount that is ____ the amount of their final salary.

A)eleven times
B)equivalent to
C)20 times
D)five times
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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67
One interesting gender issue concerning satisfaction in retirement is that

A)satisfied retired wives tend to have been influenced to retire by their husbands.
B)traditional gender roles may create difficulties in older retiring males.
C)finances are only important to male retirees.
D)gender issues have no influence on retirement satisfaction.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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68
Social support appears to be most important for individuals from the ____ community.

A)European-American
B)African-American
C)Asian-American
D)Latino-American
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Unlock Deck
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69
What factor is responsible for changing many peoples' retirement plans?

A)An increase in volunteer opportunities for individuals over 65
B)Fortune 500 companies lowering the retirement age to 60
C)The Great Recession
D)An increase in distributed lottery funds
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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70
All of these individuals are over 70 years old. Who is most likely to be satisfied with their life?

A)Sergi, who has a close relationships with one of his sons
B)Dimitri, who has close relationships with all six of her children
C)Karl, who has a close relationship with one friend who is not a member of his family
D)Ernst, who has a close relationship with many friends who are not members of his family
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
71
Which statement with regard to retirement is true?

A)In recent years, the number of organizations devoted to assisting retirees has declined.
B)Participation in leisure activities during retirement tends to result in declines in satisfaction.
C)Part-time employment following retirement can be the result of a desire to stay connected to one's former life/career.
D)Retiree volunteerism appears to have little positive impact on society.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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72
Older women have a ____ number of friends characterized by ____.

A)greater; less intimacy
B)greater; more intimacy
C)smaller; more intimacy
D)smaller; less intimacy
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Unlock Deck
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73
Concerning a partner's decision to retire,

A)only women tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
B)only men tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
C)both women and men tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
D)neither women nor men tend to greatly influence their partner's decision to retire.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
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74
Concerning gender and retirement,

A)women tend to have a financial advantage at retirement.
B)women tend to prepare more fully for retirement.
C)women are more likely to retire if their husbands are already retired.
D)women are less likely to fully retire.
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Unlock for access to all 191 flashcards in this deck.
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75
How does a person's activity level typically change after retirement?

A)The number of paid and volunteer hours both increase.
B)The number of volunteer hours increases while the paid hours decrease.
C)The number of paid hours increases while the volunteer hours decrease.
D)The number of paid and volunteer hours both decrease.
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76
According to the Employee Benefits Research Institute, most workers have ____ in total savings and investments.

A)between $25,000 and $49,999
B)less than $10,000
C)between $50,000 and $99,999
D)between $10,000 and $24,999
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77
How does the size of social convoys vary between generations?

A)Young adults have the largest convoys
B)Middle-aged adults have the largest convoys
C)Older adults have the largest convoys
D)Convoy size does not vary by generation
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78
In the United States, when compared to men, women are more likely to

A)enter the workforce earlier.
B)spend more time in the workforce.
C)spend less time planning their retirement.
D)have more continuous work histories.
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79
Eric has maintained contact with six of his high school friends for the last 60 years. They often get together for activities, to socialize, and to simply spend time together. Eric and his longtime friends would be best described as a(n)

A)zone of maximal performance potential.
B)environmental press.
C)zone of minimal comfort.
D)social convoy.
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80
Many employers have ____ employee pension plans.

A)eliminated
B)increased
C)adequate
D)offered stock options with their
Unlock Deck
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Unlock Deck
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