Deck 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence 

Question 1

Who is experiencing the first indicator of the onset of puberty in a typical female?

A)Mary, whose pubic hair has started to grow
B)Terri, who has just begun to menstruate
C)Geri, whose breasts have started to grow
D)Carrie, who has just begun to ovulate

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Menarche is best described as the onset of  ​

A)puberty.
B)public hair.
C)menstruation.
D)body growth.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many of the following adolescents are experiencing a change in primary sex characteristics: Larry, who has acquired the ability to ejaculate; Curly, who is producing sperm; and Moe, who is experiencing growth of his scrotum?

A)​none
B)​one
C)​two
D)​three

Answer 3

D

Question 4

____ is best defined as physical changes that mark the transition from childhood to young adulthood.

A)Puberty
B)Menopause
C)Primary circular reactions
D)Secondary circular reactions

Question 5

A sex difference during puberty involves the fact that ____ is greater for girls than boys. ​

A)muscle development
B)body fat
C)lung capacity
D)heart capacity

Question 6

How many of the following are considered secondary sex characteristics: growth of facial hair in boys, development of a functional uterus in girls, voice change in boys, and broadening of shoulders in girls?

A)​one
B)​two
C)​three
D)​four

Question 7

Which statement concerning the timing of puberty in males and females is true?

A)The onset of menarche in females typically occurs a few years prior to the typical onset of spermarche in males.
B)The onset of menarche in females typically occurs a few years after to the typical onset of spermarche in males.
C)The onset of menarche in females typically occurs around the same time as the onset of spermarche in males.
D)The onset of menarche in females typically occurs almost a decade after the typical onset of spermarche in males.

Question 8

Which adolescent is experiencing a change in his primary sex characteristics?

A)Peter, who now has facial hair
B)Saul, who has begun to produce sperm
C)Andrew, who has begun to talk in a deeper voice
D)James, who now has broader shoulders

Question 9

Which event defines spermarche?

A)The production of sperm
B)The ejaculation of sperm
C)The original meiosis of sperm
D)The implantation of sperm into an egg

Question 10

The maturation of the ____ lobe during adolescence is related to improvements in inhibiting of behaviors.

A)parietal
B)frontal
C)temporal
D)occipital

Question 11

Which best describes the early menstrual cycles of a typical teenage female?

A)Regular and with ovulation
B)Regular and without ovulation
C)Irregular and with ovulation
D)Irregular and without ovulation

Question 12

Primary sex characteristic changes are those directly impacting

A)reproduction.
B)height.
C)intelligence.
D)personality.

Question 13

The two general types of physical development associated with puberty include

A)lower self-esteem and bodily changes.
B)bodily changes and sexual maturation.
C)sexual maturation and formal operational thinking.
D)formal operational thinking and lower self-esteem.

Question 14

In a typically developing adolescent experiencing puberty, you would expect that his or her ____ would be the last body area to grow.

A)head
B)feet
C)legs
D)trunk

Question 15

Who would be most likely to have just achieved close to her full adult stature?

A)Meg, who is 12 years old
B)Beth, who is 15 years old
C)Joanne, who is 18 years old
D)Amy, who is 21 years old

Question 16

During puberty, changes in physical maturity that are not directly linked to reproduction are referred to as ____ sex characteristics.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)instrumental

Question 17

During adolescence,

A)both brain myelination and synaptic pruning first begin.
B)brain myelination first begins and synaptic pruning nears completion.
C)brain myelination nears completion and synaptic pruning first begins.
D)both brain myelination and synaptic pruning near completion.

Question 18

Menarche is to spermarche as  ​

A)onset of menstruation is to ejaculation.
B)egg production is to sperm production.
C)ovulation is to testes growth.
D)fertilization is to conception.

Question 19

Who is experiencing the first indicator of the onset of puberty in males?

A)Joe, whose testes have started to grow
B)Ben, whose pubic hair has started to grow
C)Hop-sing, who is experiencing a growth spurt
D)Adam, whose penis has started to grow

Question 20

From whom would you expect the biggest gains in height and weight over the next three years?

A)Ginger, who is 2 years old
B)Grant, who is 6 years old
C)Tina, who is 11 years old
D)Louise, who is 14 years old

Question 21

Which best describes the typical response to body image during puberty?

A)Females worry more about appearance, but males are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
B)Males worry more about appearance, but females are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
C)Males worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance.
D)Females worry more about appearance and are more dissatisfied with their appearance.

Question 22

Estrogen is to androgen as

A)sperm is to egg.
B)ovaries are to testes.
C)male is to female.
D)ejaculation is to menarche.

Question 23

Roscoe is a 13-year-old who is currently experiencing puberty. During the past few months, his testes have released a small amount of estrogen. What is the most likely outcome of this hormonal activity?

A)Roscoe will begin to ovulate.
B)Roscoe will begin to have enlarged testicles.
C)Roscoe will begin to experience some breast development.
D)Roscoe will show no impact because testes are incapable of producing estrogen.

Question 24

Which best describes the "paternal investment theory" of puberty? ​

A)Moms have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved mom appears to delay its onset.
B)Moms have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved mom appears to accelerate its onset.
C)Dads have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved dad appears to delay its onset.
D)Dads have the greatest impact on the timing of early puberty, and having a highly involved dad appears to accelerate its onset.

Question 25

A key physical component of puberty is the ____ gland, which regulates pubertal changes by signaling other glands to secrete hormones.

A)thyroid
B)adrenal
C)pituitary
D)pineal

Question 26

Which normally developing African teenage girl would be most likely to have just begun to experience menarche?

A)Dalmar, who is 11 years old
B)Abina, who is 13 years old
C)Kali, who is 15 years old
D)Imena, who is 17 years old

Question 27

Estrogen is directly released by the

A)pituitary gland.
B)ovaries.
C)adrenal gland.
D)testes.

Question 28

If asked to identify where the hormone that causes the maturation of the genitals in females comes from, you should say,

A)"the pituitary gland."
B)"the ovaries."
C)"the fallopian tube."
D)"the adrenal gland."

Question 29

A typical teenage girl should consume approximately ____ calories each day.

A)1,200
B)1,700
C)2,200
D)2,700

Question 30

The negative effects associated with being an early-maturing female have been found to be offset by ​

A)hormone replacement therapy.
B)having supportive parents.
C)possessing a strong personal fable.
D)hanging around with older males.

Question 31

Mariddie is a Western Apache teenager who has just experienced menarche. What reaction should she expect from those around her?

A)There will be an elaborate celebration in her honor.
B)She will be married within a week.
C)Her hair will be cut short, and she will be expected to go into the wilderness to kill a small animal (e.g., rabbit).
D)She will be ostracized from the tribe for one month.

Question 32

If you were asked to describe the pattern of the average age of menarche onset in Europe between 1840 and today, you should say,

A)"The average age of onset has dropped about 4 years."
B)"The average age of onset has dropped about 2 years."
C)"The average age of onset has increased about 2 years."
D)"The average age of onset has increased about 4 years."

Question 33

Dontee is a typical teenager. Research has indicated that the moodiness that he is exhibiting is most likely due to ​

A)raging hormone levels.
B)changes in social settings and activities.
C)negative verbal interactions with his parents.
D)concern over his changing body.

Question 34

Which statement best describes the connection between environmental stress and maturation in girls?

A)Puberty occurs earlier in girls who have experienced chronic stress.
B)Puberty occurs later in girls who have experienced chronic stress.
C)The onset of puberty in girls is determined genetically, thus stress has no effect on the timing of puberty.
D)The effects of stress on maturation in girls are unknown.

Question 35

Concerning hemoglobin levels, during the teen years,

A)boys need more and girls need less.
B)girls need more and boys need less.
C)both boys and girls need more.
D)both boys and girls need less.

Question 36

Early maturation has been shown to increase  ____ in females.

A)smoking and drinking
B)popularity
C)happiness
D)self-confidence

Question 37

Who is most likely to suffer the most negative psychological consequences as a result of the timing of maturation?

A)Herman, an early-maturing male
B)Lilly, an early-maturing female
C)Marilyn, a late-maturing female
D)Eddie, a late-maturing male

Question 38

Which statement is true? ​

A)Estrogen is found only in females, and androgen sare found only in males.
B)Estrogen is found only in males, and androgens are found only in females.
C)During puberty, estrogen and androgens are released at the same levels in adolescent males and females.
D)During puberty, estrogen and androgens are released at different levels in adolescent males and females.

Question 39

Which factor seems to be most involved in timing of menarche in many industrialized nations over the past 150 years?

A)Parenting skills
B)Nutrition
C)Education
D)Genetics

Question 40

Early maturing boys are more at risk for

A)being pressured into sex.
B)requiring hormone replacement therapy.
C)attention deficit disorder.
D)depression.

Question 41

Research has shown that

A)overprotective parenting is related to bulimia and anorexia.
B)childhood obesity is related to bulimia and anorexia.
C)overprotective parenting is related to bulimia but not anorexia.
D)childhood obesity is related to adolescent bulimia but not anorexia.

Question 42

The defining characteristic of bulimia nervosa involves

A)a binge-purge eating pattern.
B)weight loss.
C)a distorted body image.
D)an irrational fear of obesity.

Question 43

Programs that effectively assist obese children in losing weight tend to

A)emphasize the need to follow external cues when deciding when to eat.
B)encourage children to become more sedentary.
C)totally eliminate meat from their diets.
D)have parents serve as good models for proper eating.

Question 44

As a typical U.S. teen, Amber is most likely consuming

A)too few calories and too little iron.
B)too many calories and too little iron.
C)too few calories and too much iron.
D)too many calories and too much iron.

Question 45

Concerning weight, the abbreviation BMI stands for

A)base metabolic indices.
B)body metabolic indices.
C)base mass index.
D)body mass index.

Question 46

U.S. teens' poor diet puts them at risk of ____ later in life.

A)increased levels of iron
B)increased hemoglobin levels
C)estrogen deficiency
D)osteoporosis

Question 47

____ is one of the defining characteristics of anorexia nervosa.

A)The persistent refusal to eat
B)A cyclic binge-and-purge pattern
C)A rational fear of obesity
D)An inhibited basal metabolic rate

Question 48

Which parental action would be the most effective to discourage obesity in his or her children?

A)Teach them the importance of avoiding meat
B)Downplay the taste of food
C)Encourage them to lose weight quickly
D)Remind them to stop eating when they feel full

Question 49

Parents may contribute to the likelihood of their children becoming obese by

A)encouraging them to get 9-10 hours of sleep each night.
B)encouraging them to be more physically active.
C)encouraging them to finish everything on their plates.
D)encouraging them to rely on internal cues to eat.

Question 50

Fifteen-year-old Kristi was adopted when she was an infant. Her adult weight is best predicted by the

A)weight of her adoptive parents.
B)average weight of individuals in her age-cohort group.
C)weight of her biological parents.
D)average weight of her adoptive siblings.

Question 51

Which measure would be used to determine whether a child is overweight?

A)BMI
B)MMPI
C)WISC
D)WAIS

Question 52

What is a defining characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

A)Binge eating
B)Increased body mass index
C)Purging through vomiting
D)An irrational fear of being overweight

Question 53

Genetic influence on obesity can cause some adolescents to be

A)more influenced by television ads
B)less able to convert fat to fuel.
C)far thinner than their parents.
D)estrogen deficient.

Question 54

How many of the following children would be classified as overweight: Alan, who is in the upper 20 percent for weight for his height; Erin, who is in the upper 10 percent for weight for her height; Tim, who is in the upper 5 percent for weight for his height; and/or Toni, who is in the upper 2 percent for weight for her height?

A)​one
B)​two
C)​three
D)​four

Question 55

Ashley is an anorexic girl who has lost significant weight yet refuses to seek any treatment. This is a potentially life-threatening decision, as about ____ percent of adolescentsin her situation die of symptoms related to the eating disorder.

A)​15
B)​25
C)​35
D)​45

Question 56

Carrie exhibits anorexia nervosa. When she looks in a mirror, she is most likely thinking,

A)"I'm really starting to get thin!"
B)"I'm so fat!"
C)"I'm beautiful compared to those ugly women on television!"
D)"I'm going to have to start eating a little more!"

Question 57

Orson is 13 years old and classified as overweight. Which statement is most likely to be true?

A)Orson is unpopular with his peers.
B)Orson has high self-esteem.
C)Orson has little risk for medical problems.
D)Orson has a faster-than-normal basal metabolic rate.

Question 58

Overweight teens are most at risk for developing ____ later in life.

A)osteoporosis
B)sickle-cell disease
C)Huntington's disease
D)diabetes

Question 59

Which characteristic is least associated with child and adolescent obesity? ​

A)High blood pressure
B)Diabetes
C)Popularity
D)Having overweight parents

Question 60

Currently, in the United States, about one in ____ adolescents is overweight.

A)​three
B)​five
C)​six
D)​nine

Question 61

In order to enhance his baseball performance, Barry has been taking steroids. In recent months, he has begun to experience some medical problems. Which of his problems would be least likely to be the result of steroid use?

A)Liver damage
B)Depression
C)Increased muscle mass
D)Obsessive-compulsive behavior

Question 62

The illusion of invulnerability is best defined by the phrase,  ​

A)"dangerous but fun."
B)"slow and steady wins the race."
C)"once bitten, twice shy."
D)"nothing is worse the risk of dying."

Question 63

One way to reduce the incidence of obesity in adolescence is to have teens engage in "regular activity." Which of the following defines such activity?

A)Exercise must last for at least 60 minutes, two times per week.
B)Exercise must occur at least five times a week.
C)Exercise must burn at least 250 calories.
D)Exercise must last for 30 minutes, three times per week.

Question 64

About one in ____ individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder is male.

A)​three
B)​five
C)​10
D)​20

Question 65

Which statement concerning cognitive development in adolescence is true? ​

A)Working memory and processing speed are more childlike than adultlike.
B)Working memory becomes adultlike, but processing speed remains childlike.
C)Processing speed becomes adultlike, but working memory remains childlike.
D)Working memory and processing speed are more adultlike than childlike.

Question 66

Based on statistics, which 16-year-old female is most likely to die in an incident involving an automobile accident?

A)Jill, who is European American
B)Jane, who is African American
C)Jessie, who is Hispanic American
D)Joan, who is Asian American

Question 67

In the United States, about ____ out of every 1,000 adolescents dies each year.

A)​1
B)​5
C)​10
D)​25

Question 68

Which concept describes the development of processing speed between ages 8 and 18?

A)Time needed to respond decreases at a consistent rate.
B)Time needed to respond decreases for the first years and then levels off.
C)Time needed to respond is constant for the first years and then decreases significantly.
D)Time needed to respond increases at a consistent rate.

Question 69

The illusion of invulnerability is best demonstrated by

A)post conventional thinking about sex.
B)unprotected sex by teens.
C)a girl's first menstrual cycle.
D)male masturbation.

Question 70

Which teenager is at the greatest risk for developing anorexia or bulimia?

A)Ivy, who has pica
B)Rose, who is intellectually gifted
C)Daisy, who never worried about dieting when she was young
D)Petunia, who has a grandmother with bipolar disorder

Question 71

Typical American teenagers tend to

A)underestimate the danger of most risky behaviors and overestimate the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.
B)overestimate the danger of most risky behaviors and underestimate the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.
C)underestimate the danger of most risky behaviors as well as the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.
D)overestimate the danger of most risky behaviors as well as the likelihood that they will experience these consequences.

Question 72

A pace for a "regular activity" keeps an adolescent's heart rate about ____ beats per minute.

A)​80
B)​240
C)​60
D)​140

Question 73

Based on statistics, which 16-year-old is most likely to die as the result of natural causes?

A)Kay, who is a European American female
B)Mae, who is an African American female
C)Jay, who is a European American male
D)Ray, who is an African American male

Question 74

Which statement best describes the neurological explanation for risk-taking behavior in teens? ​

A)Myelination of the temporal lobe results in poor decision-making.
B)Due to neurotic pruning, the pleasure centers of the brain become "super-charged."
C)Estrogen and testosterone act like "cocaine" in the brain.
D)The pleasure areas develop prior to the areas that control behavior.

Question 75

You are asked to develop an effective prevention program concerning eating disorders in teens. What approach should you take?

A)Utilize psychoactive medication.
B)Aoid teaching about specific diets.
C)Create a highly structured environment in which the teens have little personal input.
D)Teach the importance of resisting the social pressure to be thin.

Question 76

Based on statistics, which 16-year-old male is most likely to die in an incident involving a firearm?

A)Fred, who is European American
B)Ned, who is African American
C)Ed, who is Hispanic American
D)Ted, who is Asian American

Question 77

Anabolic steroids are most chemically similar to ​

A)cocaine.
B)estrogen.
C)testosterone.
D)Ritalin.

Question 78

Lindsey is hesitant about letting her teenage daughter Davenport participate in sports because she has heard that most youth who participate in sports end up injured. What is the most accurate assessment of Lindsey's thoughts?

A)She is absolutely right because about 70 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.
B)She is kind of correct because about 40 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.
C)She is fairly incorrect because about 15 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.
D)She is totally wrong because only about 1 percent of young athletes are injured and require medical attention.

Question 79

How many of the following are risk factors for teenagers developing either bulimia or anorexia: history of being a picky eater, negative self-image, history of dieting, frequently watching television shows with overweight characters?

A)​one
B)​two
C)​three
D)​four

Question 80

When Kann et al. (1995)asked ninth- and twelfth-graders about their exercise habits, they found that

A)exercise rates for both boys and girls declined between ninth and twelfth grade.
B)exercise rates for both boys and girls increased between ninth and twelfth grade.
C)exercise rates for boys increased between ninth and twelfth grade while the rates for girls decreased.
D)exercise rates for girls increased between ninth and twelfth grade while the rates for boys decreased.