Deck 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood 

Question 1

When all of his buddies call home to tell their parents they will be getting home late from the game, Dieter doesn't bother, saying, "My mom and dad are too busy to care about me. They don't care how late I'm out-in fact, they never even ask where I'm going." If Dieter is right, his parents are most likely exhibiting a(n)____ parenting style. ​

A)uninvolved
B)authoritarian
C)permissive
D)authoritative

Answer 1

A

Question 2

When Ki-Jana asks his parents if he can buy a car, his parents say no, but sit down and explain to him the reasoning behind their decision. His parents express affection toward him and tell him that they may consider the matter at some later time. Which parenting style best describes Ki-Jana's parents? ​

A)Authoritarian
B)Permissive
C)Uninvolved
D)Authoritative

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which parenting style is best characterized as "indifferent?" ​

A)Authoritarian
B)Authoritative
C)Permissive
D)Uninvolved

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Marissa is a researcher who believes that to understand childrearing, you must get beyond looking solely at how parents treat their children and look at the behavior of the children, the behavior of their siblings, the behavior of the parents toward each other, and the neighborhood in which the child lives. It is most likely that Marissa supports a ____ view of childrearing. ​

A)psychodynamic
B)blended family
C)systems
D)counterimitation

Question 5

Children who are aggressive tend to come from families with ____ parenting styles.

A)authoritarian or authoritative
B)uninvolved or authoritarian
C)authoritative or permissive
D)permissive or uninvolved

Question 6

In which country would individuality in children be most acceptable to parents? ​

A)Panama
B)China
C)Taiwan
D)The United States

Question 7

Early psychologists like Watson viewed ____ as "all powerful" concerning the development ​ of a child.

A)parents
B)peers
C)teachers
D)siblings

Question 8

Matthew's parents are very warm and exert a moderate amount of control over his life. Matthew's parents are most likely ​

A)Latin American.
B)Chinese.
C)European American.
D)Immigrant Chinese.

Question 9

The ____ parenting style is best described as both controlling and warm.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)permissive
D)uninvolved

Question 10

The two main dimensions of parental behavior are

A)dominance and counterimitation.
B)counterimitation and warmth.
C)warmth and control.
D)control and dominance.

Question 11

After having read a book on parenting styles, if you wished to raise a friendly and self-reliant child, you would try to adopt a(n)____ parenting style. ​

A)permissive
B)authoritative
C)uninvolved
D)authoritarian

Question 12

As a typical parent in Latin America, Maria would place great emphasis on developing a strong sense of ____ in her children. ​

A)self-reliance
B)family ties
C)emotional restraint
D)free-thinking

Question 13

A permissive parent is best thought of as ​

A)cold and controlling.
B)warm and controlling.
C)cold and uncontrolling.
D)warm and uncontrolling.

Question 14

When you hear someone say, "Those neighbor kids are neglected. Even when the parents are home, they do virtually nothing," which parenting style should come to mind?

A)Authoritarian
B)Permissive
C)Uninvolved
D)Authoritative

Question 15

Which parenting style might best be described as "low warmth and high control?" ​

A)Authoritarian
B)Permissive
C)Uninvolved
D)Authoritative

Question 16

Sally and Dan are quick to express affection toward their son, Zach, and accept most of his behavior. In fact, Zach has never once been punished. Sally and Dan are exhibiting a(n)____ style of parenting. ​

A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)uninvolved
D)permissive

Question 17

Liam is learning the values, behaviors, and roles of his culture. In other words, Liam is experiencing ​

A)direct instruction.
B)counterimitation.
C)authoritative parenting.
D)socialization.

Question 18

According to the systems view of families, how many of these factors influence a child's development: neighborhood, school, religious organizations, and extended family? ​

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 19

Because they have a permissive parenting style, you would predict that Alan and Sue's son would ​

A)earn high grades in school.
B)have limited self-control.
C)be self-reliant.
D)have control over his behavior.

Question 20

Dick and Wendy want their children to work hard. They have rules and expect their children to obey them without question. Dick and Wendy are most likely ____ parents. ​

A)uninvolved
B)authoritarian
C)authoritative
D)permissive

Question 21

What basic premise underlies Chinese parenting? ​

A)Love is more important than control.
B)Scream but never hit.
C)Keep your emotions in check.
D)Children are not responsible for their actions.

Question 22

After his mother hears him swear, Conrad gets his mouth washed out with soap. If this led to reduction in swearing, his mom's strategy would be described as a form of ​

A)counterimitation.
B)time-out.
C)punishment
D)negative reinforcement trap.

Question 23

Which statement about marital issues and child development is true? ​

A)Chronic parental conflict seldom spills over into child-parent relationships.
B)Parental conflict cannot positively impact a child.
C)Children's self-esteem typically raises when a parent becomes unemployed.
D)Parents can act as gatekeepers who deny or limit the participation of the other parent.

Question 24

Whenever Roger says "please," his father gives Roger what he asks for. This in turn increases Roger's use of the word "please." Giving in to Roger's requests appears to be a form of ​

A)reinforcement.
B)punishment.
C)counterimitation.
D)inhibition.

Question 25

Simon spanks his son Paul in order to get him to stop acting aggressively. Which outcome is least likely in the long term? ​

A)Paul will become fearful of Simon.
B)Paul will become more aggressive.
C)Paul will stop being aggressive.
D)Paul will not internalize the social rules concerning aggressive behavior.

Question 26

Which technique is always based on modeling? ​

A)Negative reinforcement trap
B)Counterimitation
C)Instrumental aggression
D)Direct instruction

Question 27

Which best describes the relationship between parenting styles and children's temperaments? ​

A)Parenting styles cause temperaments.
B)Parenting styles may develop as the result of temperament.
C)Temperaments develop as the result of parenting styles.
D)Temperament and parenting styles are unrelated.

Question 28

When Esther misbehaves, her mother makes her go sit by herself in a small, quiet, unstimulating area of the house. Esther's mother is probably using ​

A)direct instruction.
B)socialization.
C)time-out.
D)an indifferent parenting style.

Question 29

If you're going to use time-out, make sure that ​

A)the time-out location is close to where the child misbehaved.
B)you explain the reasons for the time-out to the child.
C)the time-out period is at least a half-hour long.
D)you model the appropriate behavior to the child.

Question 30

Rather than simply ordering his son to take out the garbage, Ahmad says, "Son, take out the garbage now. It's really full and I'm getting ready to make dinner, so I'll need more space in the garbage bags." Ahmad's statement is an example of ​

A)direct instruction.
B)counterimitation.
C)disinhibition.
D)negative reinforcement trap.

Question 31

Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status? ​

A)Permissive
B)Authoritative
C)Authoritarian
D)Uninvolved

Question 32

What statement about time-out is true? ​

A)It is based on modeling.
B)It is a reinforcement technique.
C)It bypasses many of the pitfalls of punishment.
D)It produces disinhibition.

Question 33

_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done. ​

A)Counterimitation
B)Punishment
C)Infant-directed language
D)Direct instruction

Question 34

The main problem with a negative reinforcement trap is that it ​

A)is only effective with very young children.
B)involves aversive consequences.
C)ends up increasing the incidence of an unwanted behavior.
D)requires an age-peer model.

Question 35

Julie watches her sister swing her pet cat by the tail and sees her gets punished by her parents for that behavior. Consequently, Julie learns not to swing her pet cat by the tail. Which term best describes this scenario? ​

A)A negative reinforcement trap
B)Counterimitation
C)Indulgent parenting
D)Direct instruction

Question 36

Which pairing is most likely to fall victim to the "negative reinforcement trap"? ​

A)Mother and daughter
B)Mother and son
C)Father and daughter
D)Father and son

Question 37

Which six-year-old is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother? ​

A)Annabella, whose parents pay less attention to her
B)Noni, who has two older sisters
C)Monique, who has one older brother
D)Patsy, whose dad has become more involved in parenting

Question 38

Fugi watches her older sister getting yelled at after she throws an apple across the kitchen. Fugi is now less likely to throw an apple across the kitchen herself. This kind of learning through observation would be best described as ​

A)time-out.
B)direct instruction.
C)counterimitation.
D)a negative reinforcement trap.

Question 39

Parental conflict ​

A)usually has no negative effects on children.
B)can make a child feel that the family is unstable.
C)often has positive effects on a child's development.
D)is not a normal part of most marriages.

Question 40

Ian's mother tells him to stop watching TV and do his homework. Ian then begins to whine about wanting to watch more TV to the point that his mother gives in and lets him watch more TV as long as he stops whining. Consequently, Ian's whining behavior increases in frequency. This sequence is best described as ​

A)punishment.
B)counterimitation.
C)direct instruction.
D)a negative reinforcement trap.

Question 41

Olivia was divorced three years ago and has custody of her preadolescent children (one boy and one girl). Olivia is now planning to remarry. Who will have the most difficulty adjusting to this new blended family?

A)Olivia's son
B)Olivia's daughter
C)Olivia
D)The new step-father

Question 42

Who possesses a characteristic that makes them less likely to be a friend with 12-year-old Isabel, who is Mexican American?

A)​Toni, who is also 12 years old
B)Bobbi, who is also a female ​
C)Roni, who is also Mexican American ​
D)Tina, who views school differently ​

Question 43

Once the youngest sibling gets to be about ____, he or she will start talking more to older siblings than to mom. ​

A)6 months old
B)1 year old
C)2 years old
D)4 years old

Question 44

Which statement best exemplifies ego resilience? ​

A)"I am a good person."
B)"Parents should be able to discipline their children any way they see fit."
C)"Even though I have never been in this situation before, I can handle it."
D)"It is hard for me to take the point of view of someone who thinks differently than I do."

Question 45

Research on sibling relationships in African-American families indicates that these relationships are most positive when children have ​

A)many siblings.
B)high IQs.
C)sisters.
D)a strong sense of ethnic identity.

Question 46

Concerning blended families, ​

A)children in blended families tend to experience fewer incidence of depression but more anxiety.
B)the likelihood of divorce is slightly lower than for first marriages.
C)children often fear that the step-parent will disturb their relationship with the biological parent.
D)noncustodial fathers tend to maintain closer contact with their children.

Question 47

Tito would be more likely to have friends of a different race if

A)​he lived in a diverse neighborhood.
B)he attended a segregated school. ​
C)his friends were older. ​
D)his friends had different attitudes than his own. ​

Question 48

Which pair of siblings is most likely to get along very well? ​

A)William (a boy)and Beth (a girl)
B)Mary (who is temperamentally emotional)and Lisa (who is not temperamentally emotional)
C)Ruth (a girl)and Greta (a girl)
D)Sam (who is temperamentally emotional)and Trevor (who is also temperamentally emotional)

Question 49

By far the most frequent sort of child abuse would be categorized as ​

A)neglect.
B)sexual.
C)physical.
D)psychological

Question 50

Which social condition appears to foster maltreatment of children? ​

A)Fragile-X syndrome
B)Poverty
C)Alcoholism
D)ADHD

Question 51

The statement, "we share our feelings" is most likely to be made by a

A)​3-year-old.
B)5-year-old. ​
C)10-year-old.
D)15-year-old.

Question 52

The fact that friends spend a lot of time discussing personal problems is referred to as

A)​co-rumination.
B)ego-resilience.
C)dominancy hierarchy.
D)the negative reinforcement trap.

Question 53

Authorities will sometimes find children near death due to the fact that their parents have not fed them or protected them from environmental conditions such as the weather. These children are most accurately labeled as victims of ​

A)physical abuse.
B)neglect.
C)psychological abuse.
D)negative reinforcement trap.

Question 54

What has research shown to be useful in preventing child abuse? ​

A)Jail time and censure of abusive parents
B)Early childhood intervention programs
C)Encouragement of parents to use more physical punishment
D)Removal of the father from the lives of the children

Question 55

In which way are adopted children different from children living with their biological parents? ​

A)They have different temperaments.
B)They have more maladjusted mother-infant attachments.
C)They are more likely to have problems adjusting to school.
D)They are delayed in terms of cognitive development.

Question 56

The odds of ____ increase in a person who has been abused as a child. ​

A)divorce
B)attempting suicide
C)being an authoritative parent
D)high academic performance

Question 57

How many of these children would be at risk for child abuse: a step-child, a sick child, and a child with a parent deployed in a combat zone? ​

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three

Question 58

Which advice should you give to parents who are trying to reduce their children's sibling conflict? ​

A)"Admit that you have a 'favorite.'"
B)"Try to keep your marital problems to yourself."
C)"Next time try and not have your children so close together in age."
D)"It would be helpful if you didn't have all girls."

Question 59

Pablo is a troubled eight-year-old. He is very upset about the fact that he lost his cap. Pablo is most likely to seek support from

A)​his teacher.
B)his close friends
C)his mother.
D)a police officer.

Question 60

Which aspect of friendship tends to be new to children aged 8-11?

A)​Sharing activities
B)Trust ​
C)Sharing toys
D)Mutual liking

Question 61

Blake is somewhat liked by some of his classmates and somewhat disliked by others. Blake  ​ is probably best described as a(n)____ child.

A)average
B)controversial
C)neglected
D)rejected

Question 62

Co-rumination would most likely take place between

A)​female friends.
B)male friends.
C)girl acquaintances.
D)boy acquaintances.

Question 63

As a "neglected" child, Juno should expect to be ____ by her peers. ​

A)bullied
B)disliked
C)ignored
D)feared

Question 64

There is a group in town made up of girls who like golf. The leader of the group is most likely to be ​

A)Annika, who is the best golfer in the group.
B)Michelle, who has the most outgoing personality.
C)Sela, who is the wealthiest person in the group.
D)Grace, who is the best student in the group.

Question 65

​In a group based on a dominance hierarchy, you can expect

A)​increased internal conflict.
B)​equal status for all members.
C)​a single leader.
D)​few active members.

Question 66

Yuri is the leader of a group called "The Wannabes." All the other members know that Yuri is in charge, and they respect that. What is the best term to describe this type of group structure? ​

A)Clique
B)Crowd
C)Dominance hierarchy
D)Friendship

Question 67

Which child is best described as an "average child"?

A)​Georgi, who is well liked by most of her classmates
B)​Natalya, who has some classmates that like her somewhat and others that dislike her somewhat
C)​Yuri, who is ignored by his classmates
D)​Donald, who is disliked by most all of his classmates

Question 68

Sixteen-year-old Yvonne is a member of the "Jocks," the highest status crowd at school. It is most likely that Yvonne has

A)​low self-esteem.
B)average self-esteem. ​
C)high self-esteem.
D)no friends.

Question 69

Glenna hangs around two other friends who are the same sex and have similar attitudes and interests. This group of friends would most accurately be described as a

A)​group.
B)crowd.
C)gang.
D)clique.

Question 70

Angelica is well liked by most of her classmates. She would be best described as

A)​average.
B)​neglected.
C)​controversial.
D)​popular.

Question 71

Clyde is quite a character. He is very well liked by some people in his class but is very much disliked by some others. Clyde is a good example of a(n)____ child. ​

A)popular
B)rejected
C)average
D)controversial

Question 72

Who would likely have the highest self-esteem? ​

A)Vincent, who has high status in a clique of his school's most "in" crowd
B)Kasen, who has high status with one of the most "in" kids in school
C)Niv, who has high status in her school's most "in" crowd
D)Namid, who has high status with teachers in her school

Question 73

In a typical group of six-year-old boys, who would you expect to be the leader? ​

A)The smartest kid
B)The strongest kid
C)The richest kid
D)The funniest kid

Question 74

In which situation is Rita most likely to be influenced by peer pressure? ​

A)Determining what clothes to wear to the prom
B)Deciding whether to scream "fire" in a crowded movie theater ​
C)Determining how she should cook macaroni and cheese
D)Deciding whether she should sleep at night

Question 75

What single factor appears to be most influential in determining whether an adolescent will "cave in" to peer pressure?

A)​The degree to which appropriate standards of behavior are clear-cut
B)The degree to which you can get into trouble for engaging in the act​
C)The degree to which parents oppose the act​
D)The degree to which the act requires effort​

Question 76

What is the best advice you could give to an adolescent trying to gain popularity among his or her school peers? ​

A)​"Be quiet."
B)​"Be nice."
C)​"Be subservient."
D)​"Be aggressive."

Question 77

Crowd is to clique as

A)​set is to subset.
B)friends are to rivals. ​
C)black is to white.
D)attitude is to behavior.

Question 78

Jerry is a member of the "druggie" crowd. His parents were most likely ​

A)authoritarian.
B)authoritative.
C)permissive.
D)popular.

Question 79

What type of child is disliked by the majority of their peers? ​

A)Rejected
B)Controversial
C)Neglected
D)Average

Question 80

Anthea's parents include her in most family discussions. This has to increase the likelihood of Anthea being in the____ crowds. ​

A)popular or jock
B)normal or brainy
C)brainy or druggie
D)normal or popular