Deck 7: Changing Conditions and Changing Criterion Designs

Question 1

In the application study example involving James, what was the independent variable?

A)number of multiplication problems correctly completed
B)number of spelling words correctly completed
C)use of an iPad with preloaded games
D)an oral spelling strategy

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What term is used to describe when the data path changes predictably for the dependent variable when an intervention is implemented?

A)predication
B)verification
C)replication
D)covariance

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Outline and give an example of when the changing conditions design would be most appropriate to use.

Answer 3

Suggested answer points:When a clear functional relationship between the independent and dependent variables needs to be demonstrated, when the nature of the target behavior is such that it can be reversed when the treatment is withdrawn, when the nature of the treatment is such that its effects are not present on the target behavior after it is withdrawn, and when withdrawal of treatment does not compromise ethics.

Question 4

The basic design of a multiple treatment design includes:

A)one A-B design where baseline data are simultaneously measured.
B)an intervention that is applied to multiple behaviors only that are similar in nature but functionally independent.
C)phases that are introduced with criterion levels that vary.
D)two or more A-B-C designs where baseline data are simultaneously measured and the intervention is introduced to one behavior, in one setting, or with one individual at a time.

Question 5

The advantages of a changing conditions design include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)the possibility of sequencing effects.
B)the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of more than one treatment.
C)demonstrating a strong relationship between the behavior and the treatment(s).
D)the relative ease of implementation.

Question 6

Explain the difference between two changing conditions designs (both A-B-C designs)when one design ends with a C phase (additive effect)and the other design ends with a C phase (reductive effect). Use verbal prompting as the B intervention in both designs and visual prompting as the C intervention in both designs.

Question 7

A somewhat controversial use of the changing criterion design is in its evaluation of the effectiveness of _______________ procedures.

A)latency
B)shaping
C)reinforcement
D)punishment

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a step outlining the procedures to be taken when using a changing criterion designs?

A)carefully define the target behavior
B)collect baseline data
C)determine the level of performance required
D)end the intervention

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of implementing an A-B-C design?

A)Changes between B and C might be due to other factors besides treatment.
B)The design is simply conceptualized.
C)There is typically only one baseline phase.
D)There could be a sequencing or cumulative effect.

Question 10

Verification in the changing criterion design is possible when:

A)stable responding is attained with each subphase.
B)behavior changes in the predicted direction occur consistently.
C)there is a return to baseline following a specific treatment condition.
D)the direction of the criterion levels is reversed.

Question 11

The primary advantage of an A-B-A-C design over an A-B-C design is:

A)the functional relationship can be better established because of the return to the baseline before the C condition.
B)a comparison of the effects of two or more treatments on the same behavior.
C)to evaluate the effects of a treatment on the gradual increase or decrease of a single target behavior.
D)None of these are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an issue related to changing criterion designs?

A)length of each subphase
B)direction of each subphase
C)magnitude of the criterion changes
D)number of subphases

Question 13

After the baseline data are stable, the _______________ would be that there would be no change in the data path for the dependent variables if there was no intervention effect.

A)covariance
B)replication
C)verification
D)prediction

Question 14

Uses of the A-B-C design could include all the following situations EXCEPT:

A)when a teaching technique might be tried and not found to be effective.
B)when the goal is to evaluate the additive effect of an instructional package.
C)when you want to determine the relative effectiveness of different treatments on a given behavior.
D)when the goal is to evaluate the reductive effect of a teaching practice.

Question 15

Outline and give an example of when the changing criterion design would be most appropriate to use.

Question 16

What occurs when baseline measures change in the same direction as during an intervention phase, although the intervention has not yet been implemented with that dependent variable?

A)covariance
B)replication
C)verification
D)prediction

Question 17

Assume an A-B-C design has been effective and ends with both the B and C interventions being implemented.

Question 18

Which type of design may be used as an adaptation to designs addressing multiple behaviors, settings, or individuals?

A)multiple probe design
B)alternating treatment design
C)extended multiple baseline design
D)changing criterion design

Question 19

What were the independent variables in the study involving Kumar, in which an A-B-C design was employed?

A)The number of words spelled correctly and oral spelling strategy.
B)Written spelling proficiency and handwriting.
C)Oral spelling strategy and typing of weekly assessments.
D)The number of words spelled correctly and written spelling proficiency.

Question 20

Why would a researcher who is trying to increase a target behavior (e.g., the number of math problems solved correctly)set a criterion for reinforcement that actually allows the dependent variable to decrease before once again setting a criterion to increase the target behavior?