Deck 1: Historical Perspectives and Important Concepts in Single Subject Research

Question 1

In a single-subject design, the ________________ variable is used to determine the changes in the target behavior.

A)dependent
B)independent
C)extraneous
D)confounding

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Data paths are:

A)indicative of positive or negative trends.
B)created where the x- and y- axes lines meet.
C)not possible to replicate using a graphing software program.
D)lines that connect each data point plotted along the x-y axes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Differentiate among the baseline, intervention, and follow-up phases of a study.

Answer 3

Suggested answer points:,Baseline phase is typically the first stage when the target behavior is exposed to the status quo; in other words, no experimental intervention is in place although existing procedures may be in place; this phase establishes present levels of performance on the dependent variable,Intervention phase typically follows the baseline phase and is when an intervention is introduced and manipulated by the researcher to encourage change in the dependent variable,Follow-up phase typically follows the intervention phase and is used to determine if changes in the dependent variable (target behavior are maintained over time; in many instances, the intervention is no longer in effect during a follow-up phase but it could still also be in effect.

Question 4

What does IDEA stand for?

A)Individuals with Disturbances Education Act
B)Infants who are Disabled Education Act
C)Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
D)Individuals with Direct Education Act

Question 5

What are notations used for in a single-subject design?

A)to demonstrate how an intervention works
B)as decoration for the phases
C)to label certain phases or aspects of a design
D)to denote changes in the dependent variable

Question 6

In a single-subject design, the _______________ variable is used to encourage (or maintain)change in behavior.

A)dependent
B)independent
C)extraneous
D)confounding

Question 7

What type of graph is more typically used to depict the quantitative data collected in single-subject research?

A)intervention graph
B)x-y line graph
C)bar graph
D)pictogram

Question 8

Explain the significance of phase change lines in a study. What do these lines indicate?

Question 9

Replication refers to the ability to:

A)generalize results and demonstrate the robustness of any behavior change procedures.
B)get the same results in trials with different individuals.
C)have participants understand the purpose of a study.
D)to show the emergence of unrelated behaviors.

Question 10

A legend:

A)is important as a line graph becomes more complicated.
B)allows the researcher to abbreviate and to use alphabetic notations instead of whole words.
C)can be used in situations with multiple data paths or use of several independent variables are depicted.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 11

What is the name of the phase in a study that measures the target behavior before implementation of an intervention?

A)baseline phase
B)follow-up phase
C)changing phase
D)intervention phase

Question 12

What do broken vertical lines depict in a graph?

A)a change in independent variable
B)a complete phase change
C)the end of the phases
D)a change in the dependent variable

Question 13

What phase is intended to measure the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable over time and following the achievement of the criterion for the dependent variable?

A)starting phase
B)follow-up phase
C)superlative phase
D)baseline phase

Question 14

Based on the Baer et al. (1968)journal article, define the terms applied, behavioral, and analysis.

Question 15

Differentiate among dependent, independent, and extraneous (confounding)variables.

Question 16

Identify an example of a situation in which a teacher might create a single subject research study in the classroom. Using the concepts and methods highlighted in this chapter, design one such study and explain its rationale.

Question 17

How does a follow-up phase strengthen a study?

A)demonstrates the effectiveness of an intervention over time
B)gives the researcher ideas to implement in their next design
C)provides social and ecological validities for the study
D)demonstrates the effectiveness of an intervention over time and provides social and ecological validities for the study

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the socially important behaviors identified by Baer et al (1968)?

A)applied
B)behavioral
C)replication
D)analytic

Question 19

When notating a study, what would a combination of letters indicate?

A)a combination of dependent variables is under study
B)a combination of independent variables is being simultaneously applied
C)a combination of dependent variables is applied over time
D)a combination of independent variables is being simultaneously applied and an overlap of different phases of study

Question 20

What refers to a believable demonstration that events controlled by the researcher account for the presence or absence of the behavior in question?

A)behavioral
B)applied
C)target
D)analytic