Deck 29: An Era of Totalitarianism

Question 1

The Comintern was all the following EXCEPT

A)Lenin's political tool for world revolution.
B)also known as the Communist International.
C)an attempt to organize C ommunist parties or parties sympathetic to the C ommunists in the world.
D)the basis of the Gulag, the future system of forced labor camps.
E)made other C ommunist parties into agents of the Soviet Union.

Answer 1

the basis of the Gulag, the future system of forced labor camps.

Question 2

What is meant by Zbigniew Brzezinski's term, metamyth ?

A)Metamyth refers to the false distinction between F ascism and C ommunism.
B)Metamyth is any pronouncement by a totalitarian regime that is not objectively valid.
C)Metamyth refers to the alleged grand, transcendental truth supplied by the party and intended to liberate people from a lack of certainty.
D)Metamyth refers to the false story of Stalin's supposed heroic deeds in the November Revolution.
E)Metamyth refers to traditional religions which totalitarianism condemns as "opiates of the people."

Answer 2

Metamyth refers to the alleged grand, transcendental truth supplied by the party and intended to liberate people from a lack of certainty.

Question 3

In which ways was totalitarianism pseudoreligious?

A)It provided people with explanations for the entire world and for all of history.
B)It focused on one over-arching battle between good and evil.
C)It gave isolated people an almost mystical sense of belonging.
D)It inspired, in some, a fervor and devotion that historically has only been religious.
E)all of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

The text argues that, of the Fascist regime in Italy, the National Socialist regime in Germany, and the Communist regime in the Soviet Union, the totalitarian state was most completely established in

A)Italy and Germany
B)the Soviet Union alone
C)Germany alone
D)Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union
E)Germany and the Soviet Union

Question 5

In the totalitarian state, the individual​

A)​was allowed to retain private moral judgment.
B)​was able to question authority if dictated by conscience.
C)​existed for the purpose of enabling the state to build a new social order.
D)​could hold unorthodox opinions if they were kept private.
E)​none of the above

Question 6

Stalin's industrialization campaign included all the following EXCEPT

A)a concerted attempt to expand the consumer goods sector.
B)a determination to catch up with the West in the space of a few years.
C)intensified exploitation of the peasants and workers.
D)a massive expansion of heavy industry.
E)continuing growth despite the global Great Depression.

Question 7

The series of Five-Year Plans did NOT​  result in

A)a significant expansion of heavy industry.
B)a drop in real wages.
C)Western-style efficiency.
D)a sense among many that a new world was being built.
E)harsh discipline and forced productivity.

Question 8

How did Stalin come to succeed Lenin as leader of the Soviet Union?

A)Throughout the Revolution and the Civil War, Stalin was consistently Lenin's most high-profile comrade.
B)Though he was not a visible leader, Stalin used the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party to build up an unbeatable following that he adroitly used.
C)Due to his charisma, Stalin had built up a following that, though occasionally at odds with Lenin, formed a majority in the Party at Lenin's death.
D)Due to Lenin's failing health, Stalin officially shared authority with Lenin since the failed assassination attempt on Lenin in 1918.
E)Upon Lenin's death, the Party decided on a major change in direction, a change that surprised even Stalin.

Question 9

The Communists under Lenin created an effective Red Army by

A)making military service compulsory.
B)forcing tsarist officers to serve and by keeping them under close surveillance.
C)machine-gunning retreating soldiers.
D)strict discipline.
E)all of the above

Question 10

With regard to women, the Communist Party under Lenin

A)successfully combatted traditional values for women.
B)sought to free women from the burdens of their traditional domestic roles.
C)established equality between the sexes throughout the Soviet Union.
D)was able to incorporate female leadership into the party.
E)none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is the most accurate statement? In the years 1921-1928

A)the Communists dramatically broadened the number of party members who created key policies.
B)the NEP represented the final death of capitalism in  Communist Russia .
C)Communist Russia successfully extended the revolution but only to Asian countries.
D)the Communists in Russia liberalized the economy but tightened controls both inside the Party and inside the government.
E)the Communists eliminated e very vestige of tsarist Russia including authoritarianism.

Question 12

In the Bolshevik struggle against the Whites

A)the Whites were plagued by internal divisions .
B)the Bolshevik s were unable to gain possession of interior communications.
C)the Whites gained greater popular support .
D)the German s intervened on behalf of  the Bolsheviks.
E)the Whites were quickly able to shed their ​  ​ association with the defunct tsarist system.

Question 13

Events in Kronstadt in 1921 were associated with

A)a naval and workers' revolt against the Communists.
B)a prolonged miners' strike.
C)the arrival of U.S. forces to aid the White armies.
D)a valiant defense against the Polish army.
E)the last attempt of the Whites in the Russian Civil War.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of t he W ar C ommunism created during the Russian Civil War ?

A)It  was a response to plummeting agricultural production.
B)It  involved the state taking over the means of production.
C)It   mobilized resources for the Communist war effort.
D)It  created intense opposition.
E)It led to increased worker productivity in factories.

Question 15

The politburo refers to

A)the agricultural bureau established to collect state grain.
B)the ruthless secret police organization.
C)the office charged with eliminating the influence of the Orthodox Church.
D)a small, intimate group of Communist Party leaders.
E)a group of intellectuals employed by the government to promote Marxist and Leninist thought.

Question 16

Totalitarian systems sought to eradicate the democratic states that preceded them through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

A)ignoring the need for popular approval from the people for legitimacy.
B)abolish ing  all political parties except their own.
C)determin ing  what people should believe.
D)eliminat ing  or regulat ing  all private institutions.
E)us ing  technology and the state's bureaucracy to enforce their commands and impose their ideology.

Question 17

Under the New Economic Policy, the Communists

A)confiscated the last remaining small businesses and peasant farms in Russia.
B)gave up control of banks and the steel industry.
C)funneled government investment toward consumer industries.
D)allowed certain elements  of the economy to return to private hands.
E)renewed W ar C ommunism.

Question 18

The text asserts that totalitarianism differed significantly  from earlier autocratic regimes in that its leaders

A)were unwilling to tolerate the existence of private property.
B)demanded not just outward obedience but also enthusiastic support from the inner person.
C)were democratic in orientation.
D)sought the incorporation of other lands into an empire.
E)asserted that there was no other legitimate leader.

Question 19

Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski believed that totalitarian states​

A)​shared the same ideological aims.
B)​drew on vastly different methods to achieve their goals.
C)​were a new development, and nothing like them had ever existed.
D)​were fundamentally the same as ancient Eastern despotisms, the Roman Empire, Renaissance tyrannies, and absolute monar.
E)​were products of scientific theory and irrationalism, devoid of any element that might seem religious.

Question 20

Casualties on all sides of the Russian Civil War

A)included 550,000 peasants who resisted grain requisitions.
B)totaled 1.2 million.
C)were minimal.
D)totaled 1.2 million, not counting executed Jews, famine deaths, and political opponents.
E)were kept relatively low for a number of reasons, including a well-trained medical corps from the First World War.

Question 21

The text states that Stalin's ultimate motivation was to

A)impose total obedience on the Soviet population in order to effectively modernize the Soviet Union.
B)expand his personal power for the purpose of self-gratification.
C)ignore the threats of foreign powers and concentrate on domestic issues alone.
D)abandon  the cause of  worldwide revolution.
E)all of the above

Question 22

The new society being built in the Soviet Union included

A)the creation of "a new man."
B)an official style in the arts called socialist realism .
C)complaints from peasants about a new serfdom.
D)a general regimentation of society.
E)all of the above

Question 23

With regard to Marxism, Fascists

A)​were largely receptive to Marxist goals.
B)​believed Marxism strengthened the state economy.
C)​embraced the Marxist call for workers to unite.
D)​rejected class conflict as dangerously divisive.
E)​all of the none

Question 24

Fascism condemned liberalism for all the following EXCEPT

A)taking the spirit out of people and making them into materialistic creatures.
B)creating mass mediocrity.
C)ineffective, feeble government.
D)eradicating greed and materialism.
E)a decayed sense of nation.

Question 25

What role did terror play in the building of Soviet society?

A)Terror was used against every group and eventually it was institutionalized and internalized.
B)Only the upper echelons of the Party were spared the purges.
C)Terror was only used mainly against party members who were weak or disloyal.
D)Terror was used only during the Civil War and the collectivization campaigns.
E)The use of terror was limited to external enemies.

Question 26

Stalin expressed admiration for which of the following?

A)Alexander the Great, for  his efforts to fuse societies together into one world society, a cosmopolis.
B)Augustus, for  creating peace and prosperity.
C)Ivan the Terrible, for  his ruthless establishment of autocracy.
D)Catherine II , for  her attempts to enlighten the Russian people.
E)all of the above

Question 27

R eaction to collectivization in the 1930s   included all of the following EXCEPT

A)the mass slaughter of livestock.
B)pitched battles between peasants and the authorities.
C)significantly lowered agricultural production.
D)attempt s  to defend private property.
E)widespread reluctance on the part of local officials to enact party requirements.

Question 28

Which of the following would NOT  be an example of socialist realism?

A)o fficial cheerfulness and excitement about the emergence of socialism
B)e radication of remnants of bourgeois tastes or mentality
C)m usic depicting the wise father and leader, Stalin
D)g raphic portrayal of the social problems left to solve
E)h appy workers falling in love while building a new society

Question 29

Which country remained a well-functioning democracy until 1939?

A)Austria
B)Czechoslovakia
C)Germany
D)Italy
E)none of the above

Question 30

In which Soviet republic was suffering worst during the 1930s, forcing some inhabitants to resort to cannibalism?

A)Ukraine
B)Kazakhstan
C)​Uzbeckistan
D)​Georgia
E)​Tajikistan

Question 31

At the end of World War I, Italy suffered from all the following EXCEPT

A)​an overtaxed middle class whose savings were disappearing because of inflation.
B)​regional difference that threatened to dissolve the country.
C)​food shortages and violent strikes.
D)​paralyzed democratic governments.
E)​workers occupying factories, and peasant squatting on unused land.

Question 32

Collectivization in the Soviet Union included the

A)extermination of many prosperous peasants.
B)exile to the far north of millions of peasants.
C)forceful requisition of agricultural assets by the state.
D)establishment of "factory farms" or collective farms.
E)all of the above

Question 33

The kulaks were

A)large farms owned by the state and staffed by formerly independent peasants.
B)well-to-do peasants targeted as "enemies of the people" during collectivization.
C)local officials responsible for enforcing collectivization.
D)forced-labor camps for rebellious peasants during collectivization.
E)none of the above

Question 34

Fascism grew from all the following EXCEPT

A)the increasingly virulent nationalism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
B)the irrationalism articulated by the intellectual elite and viscerally felt by the masses.
C)a fear of Marxism and Bolshevism and a disgust with liberalism.
D)a desire to rebuild community while not resorting to C ommunism.
E)a renewed commitment for individual freedom.

Question 35

Historians would agree that Mussolini

A)was determined to gain power legally.
B)antagonized Victor Emmanuel III on his way to power.
C)relied on the counsel of Matteotti.
D)succeeded because the liberal Italian government was weak and gave in to his threats.
E)was the first to create a totalitarian state.

Question 36

Before his March on Rome, Mussolini's resume included all the following EXCEPT

A)elementary school teacher.
B)editor of the socialist paper, Avanti .
C)service at the front in World War I.
D)seizure of Fiume in 1919.
E)founder of the Fascist Party.

Question 37

Within two decades after World War I, which of the following saw the collapse of democracy and the rise of authoritarian government?

A)Spain
B)Portugal
C)Yugoslavia
D)Italy
E)all of the above

Question 38

Fascism seemed to offer

A)action as opposed to endless and useless debate.
B)a unity, community, of all classes as opposed to class conflict.
C)decisiveness as opposed to the burden and futility of each person thinking for himself.
D)preservation of traditional values such family, native soil, and nation as opposed to modernism and cosmopolitanism.
E)all of the above

Question 39

The ultimate point of collectivization was to

A)exterminate the peasants.
B)organize peasants like factory workers.
C)conscript peasants into the army.
D)bring women into agricultural labor.
E)improve conditions for farmers.

Question 40

Which of the following circumstances were conducive to the growth of F ascism?

A)e conomic depression or recession
B)p olitical instability or paralysis
C)d isappointed nationalist aspirations
D)a  breakdown of meaning and values
E)all of the above

Question 41

Among the formative influences on Hitler were

A)Wagnerian operas with their glorification of German folk traditions.
B)a variety of racist, nationalist, Pan-German literature often referring to a heroic Aryan race.
C)the intense anti-Semitism of Schönerer's Pan-German movement and Vienna's major Karl Lueger.
D)the clarity of purpose and positive excitement he experienced in World War I .
E)all of the above

Question 42

Upon securing the Enabling Act, the Nazis

A)disbanded their greatest opponent, the Social Democratic party.
B)faced great resistance from the legislatures of the various German states.
C)placed the leadership of the Sturmabteilung (SA)into high political offices.
D)renegotiated collective bargaing agreements with labor unions to increase incentives for productivity.
E)shut down the civil service.

Question 43

Mussolini consolidated his power by

A)winning the elections of 1924 with a 65 percent majority.
B)permitting the terror tactics of the Black Shirts.
C)maintaining his images as a nationalist, an activist, and the best defense against disorder.
D)dissolving opposition parties, independent labor unions, and troublesome newspapers.
E)all of the above

Question 44

According to the text, Hitler used elements of "circus showmanship, church pageantry, American advertising and [wartime propaganda]." In concrete terms this meant all the following EXCEPT an awareness that

A)the masses must be reached.
B)propaganda must reduce everything to simple slogans.
C)the message must be varied and original to be effective.
D)mass meetings bind people together and turn despair into a sense of mission and optimism.
E)slogans should be incessantly repeated "like hammer blows."

Question 45

Church-state relations in Mussolini's Italy can be described as

A)hostile. The Church was seen as an obstacle to national unity.
B)cool. Both Mussolini and the government were anticlerical but pragmatic.
C)pragmatic. Outstanding problems were solved through compromise.
D)warm. Mussolini was personally quite religious but many in his party distrusted the Church.
E)enthusiastic. Mussolini and the Pope agreed that their power depended on the other.

Question 46

Mussolini's F ascist government sought to put into place  an economic policy best described as

A)laissez-faire. Each person was free to pursue his economic interests.
B)socialist. The people owned the means of production.
C)state socialism. The state owned the means in production in the name of the people.
D)corporative. Labor and business would cooperate in a given branch of industry.
E)mixed. The government nationalized most, but not all the economy.

Question 47

When many identified with Hitler's views and sentiments, they connected with

A)a pre-war sense of historical upheaval and a crisis in civilization.
B)a deep resentment against the undeserved defeat of 1918-1919.
C)Hitler's passionate sincerity and almost religious passion.
D)a righteous indignation against being an innocent victim of unfair social and national relations.
E)all of the above

Question 48

Before becoming Chancellor, Hitler's experiences included all the following EXCEPT

A)rejected art student.
B)postcard artist.
C)a short stint as a Marxist.
D)political agitator.
E)prison inmate.

Question 49

Compared to Hitler's Nazism

A)Fascism in Italy had the same industrial and military strength upon which to draw for power.
B)Fascism in Italy employed a similar belief in the special destiny of the national racial community.
C)Italian Fascism enjoyed a legacy of militarism much like that established by Prussia.
D)Mussolini had less of an impact on Italian Fascism and did not inspire the same devotion among the people.
E)all of the above

Question 50

The German Republic in the 1920s was opposed by all the following EXCEPT

A)the SPD, the Catholic Centrists, and the German Democrats.
B)traditional conservatives who preferred the prewar  authoritarian government.
C)the middle classes.
D)right-wing intellectuals.
E)the Communists.

Question 51

Hitler's racial nationalism included all the following EXCEPT

A)a Social Darwinist emphasis on progress through life and death struggles between individuals of different value.
B)a Volkish contempt for the Slavs, who Hitler regarded as "a mass of born slaves who feel the need of a master."
C)a conviction that a reawakened, racially pure German would build a new superior European civilization.
D)the concept of Lebensraum in which the superior Germans would seize Slavic lands and put it to better use.
E)a conviction that the darker the race , the more inferior the race.

Question 52

Right-wing intellectuals in Germany attacked democracy during the Weimar Republic

A)as a barrier to the true unity of the German nation.
B)by drawing on the traditions of the nineteenth-century Volkish thinkers .
C)by glorifying instincts and race over reason.
D)and longer for a German state that would emphasize order and authority.
E)all of the above

Question 53

Which of the following was NOT  connected with Germany in the years 1918-1920?

A)The navy mutinied, insubordination among soldiers grew, and the German High Command directly contributed to the establishment of the Republic.
B)Though the Armistice was signed two days after the Kaiser's abdication, the Republic did not bear sole responsibility for the Armistice and the Treaty of Versailles.
C)The Republic survived the Spartacist revolt led by the communists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
D)The Republic successfully blocked plans by the military to continue the war.
E)The Free Corps, used to suppress the Spartacists , attempted to overthrow the government in the unsuccessful Knapp Putsch of 1920.

Question 54

The main economic crisis in Germany during the early 1920s was

A)the mass unemployment of the Great Depression.
B)severe deflation as the value of German assets plummeted because of the Treaty of Versailles.
C)massive inflation as the government printed vast amounts of money to cover war debts, reparations, and strikers' benefits in French occupied Ruhr.
D)mainly due the loss of territory to Poland, France, Denmark, and Belgium.
E)due to the loss of overseas markets as a result of the First World War.

Question 55

In 1924, the Dawes Plan

A)called for the creation of a new German constitution to govern the unpopular German republic.
B)signaled the collapse of German industry until the 1930s.
C)reduced Germany's reparations according to Germany's economic capacity.
D)legitimized France's seizure of the Ruhr.
E)expressed the demands of Britain and the United States for full payment of reparations.

Question 56

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Hitler's ascent to power?

A)Hitler and his Brown Shirts threaten the German government with violence; the German government gave in and made Hitler Chancellor.
B)Hitler was appointed Chancellor, after which the Nazis won the election and the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, giving Hitler dictatorial power. The whole process was legal.
C)Hitler was appointed Chancellor and as Chancellor, gave himself dictatorial powers. The legality of the action was questionable.
D)Dissatisfied with the inability of the government to effectively deal with the Depression, the Reichstag fired Papen as Chancellor and appointed Hitler in his place.
E)The Reichstag was hopelessly divided; therefore, President Hindenburg dissolved it and gave Hitler dictatorial powers. The entire process was legal.

Question 57

Mussolini drew support from all of the following EXCEPT

A)capitalists.
B)socialists.
C)aristocrats.
D)the church.
E)army officers.

Question 58

Hitler's main struggle was with the Jews to whom he attributed

A)individualism and conscience.
B)liberalism and parliamentarianism.
C)intellectualism and modern art.
D)internationalism and C ommunism.
E)all of the above

Question 59

Hitler's worldview involved all of the following factors EXCEPT

A)Volkish ideas.
B)anti-Marxist thought.
C)democratic ideals.
D)an exalting of blood, instinct, and will.
E)the belief that the intellect was the enemy of the soul.

Question 60

Fascist propaganda in Italy glorified which part of the Italian past?

A)the Roman Republic
B)the Roman Empire
C)the Renaissance
D)Cavour's newly-unified Italy
E)the medieval Venetian Republic

Question 61

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
War Communism

Question 62

The Great Depression included all the following EXCEPT

A)the Stock Market crash when the bubble in stock speculation burst.
B)hyperinflation when money became almost worthless.
C)a chain reaction of business cutbacks and soaring unemployment.
D)a sharp decline of American investment in Europe.
E)Roosevelt's New Deal to stimulate growth through government intervention on the economy.

Question 63

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe events in Central and Eastern Europe during the interwar period?

A)Parliamentary governments were very successful in Eastern Europe.
B)Czechoslovakia was the most advanced country in the region, and its democratic system was the most resilient.
C)Austria suffered from massive economic dislocation due to the loss of its empire.
D)Hungary experienced a brief Communist revolution in 1919, but by the 1930, was drifting toward an alliance with Germany because of its desire to regain its lost territories.
E)Most states in the region developed either royal or military dictatorships.

Question 64

Charles Maurras, the founder of Action Française

A)sought a revitalization of France through the importation of foreign ideas.
B)was a key supporter of the Third Republic.
C)waged a campaign in support of Alfred Dreyfus.
D)valued the France of the Old Regime.
E)rejected Catholicism as damaging to the French national psyche.

Question 65

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
apparatchiki

Question 66

Britain, in the interwar period, experienced

A)prolonged economic problems even before the Great Depression.
B)falling competitiveness in the world economy due to aging, inefficient industries.
C)a General Strike that failed but which demonstrated that the British working class was not Bolshevik in its sympathies.
D)political stability.
E)all of the above

Question 67

Which of the following is the best comparison of Nazi and Communist economic policies?

A)Both systems adopted a policy of coordination in which the state led the economy but did not control it.
B)Both sought to rapidly expand the economy, but whereas the Communists eliminated private property, the Nazis left business in private hands but weakened private influence on the state.
C)Both sought to rapidly expand the economy, but whereas the Communists eliminated class conflict, the Nazis thought such competition was healthy.
D)The two systems differed only because the Germany was highly industrialized and the Soviet Union was not.
E)As totalitarianism regimes, both took total control of their economies.

Question 68

German historian Karl Dietrich Bracher argues that the assistance of which of the following was indispensable for the creation of "the total leader state" in Germany?

A)the clergy
B)the army
C)the aristocrats
D)the workers
E)the industrialists

Question 69

France experienced all the following in the interwar period EXCEPT a

A)less painful Great Depression than either Germany or the United States.
B)right-wing movement that sought to unite all the classes and restore French greatness.
C)quick recovery from the Great Depression.
D)failed fascist pseudo-revolt in 1934.
E)Popular Front of leftist parties who introduced extensive reforms such as the forty-hour week.

Question 70

Before World War II, Jews in the Third Reich encountered all the following EXCEPT

A)mass extermination.
B)loss of citizenship.
C)exclusion from most public facilities.
D)a prohibition against intimate relationships with Germans.
E)a massive attack on their property during Kristallnacht .

Question 71

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
New Economic Policy

Question 72

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
totalitarianism

Question 73

On its way to becoming a one-party state, interwar Austria

A)repeatedly demonstrated a lack of support for a union with Germany.
B)experienced continuous stress between the Viennese working class who were anticlerical and socialist, and peasants who were Catholic and antisocialist.
C)the middle class came to see themselves as partners with the Social Democrats.
D)was unable to introduce social reforms to assist the working class.
E)experienced an economic boom both in agriculture and industry.

Question 74

Typical for the Nazis, Ernst Huber argued that

A)the true will of the people is in the  Führer-state.
B)laws ought to originate with the Führer.
C)the Führer's authority is truly free because there are no checks and balances restricting him.
D)parliamentary votes and plebiscites fail to express the people's will.
E)all of the above

Question 75

The relationship of Nazism to Christianity included which of the following features?

A)the reluctant acknowledgement of Jesus as a Jew
B)the absence of censorship of religious writings
C)the arrest of some clerical critics of the regime
D)a united stand among German churches against Nazism
E)the expansion of the coverage of Christianity in the school curriculum

Question 76

How did Germany's universities react to the Nazi system?

A)Germany's long and powerful academic tradition created a habit of independent, critical thinking that dominated academia and vigorously opposed the Nazis.
B)For generations, German universities promoted extreme nationalism, opposed liberalism, and supported "irrational political Romanticism" and hero worship. A majority of professors and student found their hero in Hitler.
C)Germany's universities were focused on the physical sciences and technology (especially since the Second Industrial Revolution)and, thus, were neutral about the highly politicized Nazi system.
D)As part of the policy of coordination, massive purges removed a majority of university professors. Universities, therefore, supported the Nazis.
E)After initial uncertainties, most German universities adopted a policy of passive resistance.

Question 77

The Ministry of Popular Enlightenment

A)refers to a new consortium established among German clerics who promoted Nazism.
B)is another name for the SA.
C)controlled propaganda within Nazi Germany.
D)was an anti-Nazi organization designed to restore liberalism and democracy, drawing on Enlightenment principles.
E)celebrated Karl Marx as a German hero and sought a Communist takeover of government.

Question 78

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
metamyth

Question 79

What is the meaning of socialism in the name National Socialism?

A)The Nazis were a leftist movement committed to the destruction of capitalism.
B)The Nazis were an umbrella organization that promoted a variety of ideologies from extreme nationalism to Communism.
C)The nation will be strengthened by the elimination of class antagonism, not classes.
D)Socialism is the goal but only for one nation.
E)The term was used to attract workers , but it had no clear meaning.

Question 80

On the Iberian Peninsula in the interwar period, all the following occurred EXCEPT

A)parliamentary governments were opposed by the Church, the army, and large landowners.
B)the Portuguese republic was replaced by an army dictatorship in 1926.
C)a republic was formed in Spain that lasted from 1931 to 1939.
D)Spain suffered unrest from disgruntled workers, separatist Catalonia, and the army.
E)General Franco successfully defended the republic by defeating the Falange or fascist party.