Deck 17: Development and Aging

Question 1

When two eggs are fertilized at the same time what type of twins are formed? ​

A)identical twins
B)fraternal twins
C)always same sex twins
D)conjoined twins
E)monozygotic

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which phase comes immediately after gastrulation? ​

A)fertilization
B)organ formation
C)cleavage
D)gamete formation
E)tissue specialization

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The developmental stage when implantation occur is the ____. ​

A)blastocyst
B)zygote
C)embryo
D)fetus
E)fertilized egg

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A differentiated cell ____. ​

A)has only the genes required for that cell type
B)is found in the zygote
C)is not found after gastrulation
D)has all the genes that came from fertilization
E)has 23 chromosomes

Question 5

Germ cells are ____. ​

A)found in the zygote
B)destined to become body tissues and organs
C)identical to one another
D)found within the egg prior to fertilization
E)larger in size than the original egg

Question 6

The inner cell mass of cells develops into the ____. ​

A)amnion
B)zygote
C)embryo
D)fetus
E)placenta

Question 7

The cells within a morula are referred to as a(n)____. ​

A)stem cells
B)endoderm
C)ectoderm
D)blastomeres
E)mesoderm

Question 8

How many types of differentiated cells are in the body of an adult? ​

A)100
B)200
C)500
D)1,000
E)10,0000

Question 9

The process by which body tissues and organs form is ____. ​

A)morphogenesis
B)cleavage
C)fertilization
D)gastrulation
E)gamete formation

Question 10

The zygote is converted into the morula in the ____.

A)ovary
B)uterus
C)vagina
D)oviduct
E)cervix

Question 11

Cells within the morula ____.

A)are identical
B)are not differentiated
C)number over 1000
D)each contain a different portion of the egg's cytoplasm
E)are each the same size of the original egg

Question 12

Implantation occur how many days after fertilization? ​

A)1 day
B)7 days
C)14 days
D)21 days
E)28 days

Question 13

What term describes the implantation of the blastocyst in a place other than the uterus? ​

A)menstruation
B)gastrulation
C)ectopic pregnancy
D)endometrial pregnancy
E)conjoined pregnancy

Question 14

A morula contains about how many cells? ​

A)1
B)30
C)100
D)500
E)1,000

Question 15

What developmental landmark occurs at day 15? ​

A)primitive streak
B)neural tube
C)yolk sac
D)pharyngeal arches
E)somites

Question 16

Which phase comes immediately after cleavage? ​

A)fertilization
B)organ formation
C)gastrulation
D)gamete formation
E)tissue specialization

Question 17

Cleavage division convert the zygote into the ____.

A)fertilized egg
B)blastocyst
C)embryo
D)morula
E)fetus

Question 18

High levels of what hormone increases the likelihood of fraternal twins? ​

A)FSH
B)LH
C)HCG
D)progesterone
E)estrogen

Question 19

HCG targets which reproductive structure? ​

A)corpus luteum
B)placenta
C)uterus
D)ovary
E)blastocyst

Question 20

HCG is secreted by the ____. ​

A)blastocyst
B)ovary
C)hypothalamus
D)anterior pituitary
E)uterus

Question 21

Which structure gives rise to the axial skeletal muscles?

A)primitive streak
B)neural tube
C)notochord
D)pharyngeal arches
E)somites

Question 22

Blood vessels that will enter the umbilical cord come from the ____. ​

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois
E)chorionic villi

Question 23

Migrating cells move around the developing embryo using ____. ​

A)electrical signals
B)genetic markers
C)apoptosis
D)adhesive cues
E)osmosis gradients

Question 24

Which structure gives rise to the brain and spinal cord? ​

A)primitive streak
B)neural tube
C)notochord ​
D)pharyngeal arches
E)somites

Question 25

Which structure gives rise to structures of face, neck and mouth? ​

A)primitive streak
B)neural tube
C)notochord
D)pharyngeal arches
E)somites

Question 26

The notochord forms from which type of tissue? ​

A)ectoderm
B)endoderm
C)mesoderm
D)chorion
E)amnion

Question 27

As structures rearrange during early development the spaces merge to form the ____.

A)coelom
B)colon
C)notochord
D)mouth
E)anus

Question 28

The placenta takes over progesterone production at which developmental week? ​

A)4
B)8
C)12
D)16
E)20

Question 29

Genetic programmed cell death ____. ​

A)occurs during zygote formation
B)occurs during cleavage
C)is known neurulation
D)is important in morphogenesis
E)is important in gastrulation

Question 30

Which extraembryonic membrane produces early blood cells and portions of the digestive tract? ​

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois
E)umbilical cord

Question 31

At which gestational week does the embryo take on human features? ​

A)4
B)8
C)12
D)16
E)20

Question 32

Which extraembryonic membrane produces HCG? ​

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois
E)umbilical cord

Question 33

Which extraembryonic membrane forms finger-like projections of the placenta? ​

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois
E)umbilical cord

Question 34

The neural plate forms from which type of tissue? ​

A)ectoderm
B)endoderm
C)mesoderm
D)chorion
E)amnion

Question 35

Which structures are paired blocks of mesoderm found in the embryonic disc? ​

A)primitive streak
B)neural tube
C)notochord
D)pharyngeal arches
E)somites

Question 36

Which of the following is the organ for maternal-embryo exchange? ​

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois
E)placenta

Question 37

The folding of tissue around the neural plate and notochord is known as ____. ​

A)gastrulation
B)apoptosis
C)adhesion
D)neurulation
E)embryogenesis

Question 38

Which extraembryonic membrane encloses a fluid-filled sac? ​

A)yolk sac
B)amnion
C)chorion
D)allantois
E)umbilical cord

Question 39

What developmental landmark occurs at day 25? ​

A)primitive streak
B)neural tube
C)yolk sac
D)pharyngeal arches
E)somites

Question 40

The placenta performs all of the following functions EXCEPT for ____. ​

A)mixing maternal and fetal blood for immunity
B)oxygen delivery to fetus
C)waste removal from fetus
D)progesterone production
E)nutrient delivery to fetus

Question 41

The hormones that are most directly involved with the process of birth are ____. ​

A)estrogen and oxytocin
B)oxytocin and prostaglandins
C)oxytocin and progesterone
D)prolactin and estrogen
E)prostaglandin and progesterone

Question 42

At which gestational week does sexual differentiation begin? ​

A)5
B)7
C)10
D)12
E)14

Question 43

Which of the following first appears in a third trimester fetus? ​

A)lanugo hair
B)open eyes
C)facial expressions
D)sucking movements
E)heart beats

Question 44

Blood entering the fetal right atrium bypasses the lungs through the ____. ​

A)umbilical arteries
B)umbilical veins
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen ovale
E)ductus arteriosus

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT associated with a fetus in the second trimester? ​

A)lanugo hair
B)vernix caseosa covering
C)facial expressions
D)sucking movements
E)production of surfactant

Question 46

Blood bypasses the fetal liver through the ____. ​

A)umbilical arteries
B)umbilical veins
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen ovale
E)ductus arteriosus

Question 47

What vessels transport deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta? ​

A)umbilical arteries
B)umbilical veins
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen ovale
E)ductus arteriosus

Question 48

Blood entering the fetal pulmonary artery bypasses the lungs through the ____. ​

A)umbilical arteries
B)umbilical veins
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen ovale
E)ductus arteriosus

Question 49

Which of the following is necessary for the fetus to develop female gonads? ​

A)lack of testosterone exposure
B)presence of Y chromosome
C)estrogen
D)progesterone
E)both estrogen and progesterone

Question 50

Which of the following is TRUE of fetal circulation? ​

A)The allantois carries fetal blood to the placenta.
B)Fetal hemoglobin binds oxygen more easily than the adult form.
C)Fetal blood mixes with maternal blood to ensure proper gas exchange.
D)Blood flow into the lungs is 50% of adult flow.
E)The liver, heart and lungs receive the majority of blood flow.

Question 51

The female hormones that participate in milk production for the newborn are ____. ​

A)prolactin and oxytocin
B)prolactin and estrogen
C)prolactin and progesterone
D)oxytocin and estrogen
E)oxytocin and progesterone

Question 52

For the first few days after birth, the mammary glands produce a pale fluid rich in proteins, antibodies, minerals, and vitamin A known as ____.

A)lanugo
B)meconium
C)colostrum
D)surfactant
E)premilk

Question 53

After birth, which hormone causes the uterus to "shrink" and also causes the mother's breast tissue to contract forcing milk into the ducts? ​

A)estrogen
B)prolactin
C)progesterone
D)oxytocin
E)hCG

Question 54

At which gestational week is the developing human designated a fetus? ​

A)4
B)8
C)12
D)16
E)20

Question 55

In which stage of labor is the baby normally delivered? ​

A)the first stage only
B)the second stage only
C)the third stage only
D)in either the first or second stage
E)in either the second or third stage

Question 56

Which of the following occurs in all three stages of the birthing process, or "labor"? ​

A)dilation
B)delivery
C)contractions
D)afterbirth
E)rupture of amnion

Question 57

In which stage of labor dose the amniotic sac rupture? ​

A)the first stage only
B)the second stage only
C)the third stage only
D)in either the first or second stage
E)in either the second or third stage

Question 58

What is the most common cause of a miscarriage? ​

A)cervical incompetence
B)genetic disorders of the embryo or fetus
C)infections
D)trauma
E)malnutrition of the mother

Question 59

What vessels transport oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus? ​

A)umbilical arteries
B)umbilical veins
C)ductus venosus
D)foramen ovale
E)ductus arteriosus

Question 60

Rapid fetal growth is characteristic of which developmental period? ​

A)month 1
B)months 2-3
C)months 3-5
D)months 5-7
E)months 7-9

Question 61

A deficiency of which nutrient will interfere with the proper development of the neural tube? ​

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin B₁₂
E)folic acid

Question 62

Blood vessels show which sign of aging? ​

A)Elastin fibers in their walls are replaced by collagen or calcium deposits.
B)The muscles become softer and expand more easily.
C)The smooth muscle layer constricts more readily.
D)Elastin fibers double in quantity.
E)The veins develop more valves.

Question 63

What is the name of the birth defect in which the neural tube fails to close completely? ​

A)neurulation
B)fossa ovalis
C)organogenesis
D)spina bifida
E)capacitation

Question 64

The process of aging is described by the term ____. ​

A)senescence
B)puberty
C)neonate
D)morulation
E)fetalism

Question 65

When only a small amount of ____ remain following several cell divisions, a cell stops dividing and dies.

A)centromeres
B)centrosomes
C)acrosomes
D)telomeres
E)isomers

Question 66

The genetic testing procedure in which fluid surrounding the fetus is removed is ____. ​

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sample
C)endoscopy
D)preimplantation diagnosis
E)sonography

Question 67

Which of the following is true concerning postnatal development? ​

A)Infancy is defined as the first two years of life after birth.
B)Senescence results in increased hormone secretion.
C)Postnatal development occurs before birth.
D)In general, boys experience their pre-adolescent growth spurt later than girls.
E)Early childhood is a time of rapid cell division in nerve cells.

Question 68

An agent that can cause birth defects is known as a(n)____. ​

A)teratogen
B)mutagen
C)carcinogen
D)hapten
E)allergen

Question 69

Which of the following is NOT one of the signs of aging in the skin? ​

A)increased collagen
B)reduced fibroblasts
C)increase in sweat glands
D)less pigmentation in hair
E)increased fat deposits

Question 70

Which drug, if taken during pregnancy, results in infants with severely deformed arms and legs? ​

A)tetracycline
B)thalidomide
C)streptomycin
D)salicylic acid
E)codeine

Question 71

Genetic testing procedure that can occur as early as the eight week of pregnancy is ____. ​

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sample
C)endoscopy
D)preimplantation diagnosis
E)sonography

Question 72

Exposure to which of the following antibiotics would cause a child to develop yellow teeth?

A)erythromycin
B)tetracycline
C)amoxicillin
D)streptomycin
E)penicillin

Question 73

One of the most common causes of intellectual disability in the United States is ____.

A)congenital rubella syndrome
B)cocaine addiction
C)fetal alcohol syndrome
D)the use of thalidomide by pregnant women
E)the use of tetracycline by pregnant women

Question 74

All of the following are usually a part of the aging of reproductive systems EXCEPT ____. ​

A)declining levels of estrogen
B)menopause
C)loss of sexual response
D)decreased fertility
E)declining testosterone levels

Question 75

Which phase of development occurs just prior to the postnatal period? ​

A)zygote
B)embryo
C)fetus
D)neonate
E)infancy

Question 76

The genetic testing procedure associated with in vitro fertilization is ____. ​

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villus sample
C)endoscopy
D)preimplantation diagnosis
E)sonography

Question 78

Beta amyloid plaques are most often seen in persons suffering from ____. ​

A)Parkinson's disease
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)heart disease
D)muscular dystrophy
E)multiple sclerosis

Question 79

The average life expectancy for males in the United States is ____.

A)80 years
B)79 years
C)76 years
D)74 years
E)65 years

Question 80

Which disease may produce a malformed embryo if the mother develops the disease early in pregnancy?

A)rubella (German measles)
B)chicken pox
C)red measles
D)hepatitis
E)mumps