Deck 19: Introduction to Genetics

Question 1

Two copies of each chromosome separate from each other ____. ​

A)in germ cells
B)during mitosis
C)in somatic cell division
D)during the S phase of the cell cycle
E)to create a diploid cell

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Each gamete get only one copy of an allele because it has ____.

A)one copy of each chromosome
B)one nucleus
C)on chromosome
D)a diploid number of chromosomes
E)either an X or a Y

Answer 2

A

Question 3

If two copies of a gene are identical alleles, the condition is referred to as ____.

A)homozygous
B)hybrid
C)heterozygous
D)codominant
E)dominant

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A unit of DNA that directs the building of a protein is the ____.

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)locus
D)gene
E)chromosome

Question 5

How many copies of a specific allele does a somatic cell have?

A)1
B)2
C)23
D)46
E)92

Question 6

If red flowers (R)is dominant over white flowers (r), plants with rr are ____.

A)heterozygous
B)homozygous recessive
C)red flowers
D)white flowers
E)pink flowers

Question 7

A person who inherited the allele combination AA is ____.

A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
D)codominant
E)dominant

Question 8

If red flowers (R)is dominant over white flowers (r), plants with RR are ____.

A)heterozygous
B)homozygous dominant
C)red flowers
D)white flowers
E)pink flowers

Question 9

If two copies of a gene are different alleles, the condition is referred to as ____.

A)homozygous
B)hybrid
C)heterozygous
D)codominant
E)dominant

Question 10

If red flowers (R)is dominant over white flowers (r), plants with Rr are ____.

A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)red flowers
D)white flowers
E)pink flowers

Question 11

In the human genome, there are about how many genes?

A)100
B)200
C)2,100
D)21,000
E)55,000

Question 12

What term refers to each chemical version of a gene?

A)chromatid
B)phenotype
C)locus
D)allele
E)chromosome

Question 13

A parent with a genotype of AA will produce gametes ____.

A)with A
B)with Aa
C)with A or a
D)that are heterozygous
E)that are homozygous dominant

Question 14

The separation of gamete pairs during meiosis is known as ____.

A)segregation
B)separation
C)synergism
D)genotype
E)hybridization

Question 15

All of the alleles in an individual are known as ____. ​

A)the genotype
B)the phenotype
C)a locus
D)a gene
E)a chromosome

Question 16

How many copies of a specific allele does a gamete cell have?

A)1
B)2
C)23
D)46
E)92

Question 17

A person who inherited the allele combination Aa is ____.

A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
D)codominant
E)dominant

Question 18

The observable genetic traits of an individual refers to his or her ____.

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)locus
D)gene
E)chromosome

Question 19

A person who inherited the allele combination aa is ____.

A)homozygous dominant
B)homozygous recessive
C)heterozygous
D)codominant
E)dominant

Question 20

The location of a gene on a chromosome is the ____.

A)genotype
B)phenotype
C)locus
D)allele
E)histone

Question 21

In a Punnett square, the letters outside the little boxes represent ____.

A)offspring genotypes
B)parental genotypes
C)gametes
D)offspring phenotypes
E)parental phenotypes

Question 22

The genes that code for blood typing are an example of ____. ​

A)sex-linkage
B)segregation
C)pleiotropy
D)independent assortment
E)co-dominance

Question 23

If C is dominant to c, what fraction of offspring will be homozygous recessive when two heterozygous parents are crossed? ​

A)0/4
B)1/4
C)2/4
D)3/4
E)4/4

Question 24

In the cross Cc ´ Cc , gametes have a ____ chance of receiving either allele.

A)25 - 75
B)50 - 50
C)75 - 25
D)60 - 40
E)90 - 10

Question 25

If C is dominant to c, what fraction of offspring will show the recessive phenotype when two heterozygous parents are crossed?

A)0/4
B)1/4
C)2/4
D)3/4
E)4/4

Question 26

What fraction of the time will the cross of Aa Bb with Aa Bb produce an offspring that is aa bb ? ​

A)16/16
B)9/16
C)6/16
D)3/16
E)1/16

Question 27

If short hair (L)is dominant to long hair (l), then what fraction of the offspring produced by a cross of Ll ´ ll will be homozygous dominant?

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/3
D)0
E)2/4

Question 28

What fraction of the time will the cross of Aa Bb with Aa Bb produce an offspring that will express the dominant trait for one of the two alleles?

A)16/16
B)9/16
C)6/16
D)3/16
E)1/16

Question 29

In a Punnett square, the letters within the little boxes represent ____.

A)offspring genotypes
B)parental genotypes
C)parental genotypes
D)offspring phenotypes
E)parental phenotypes

Question 30

If C is dominant to c, what fraction of offspring will be homozygous dominant when two heterozygous parents are crossed?

A)0/4
B)1/4
C)2/4
D)3/4
E)4/4

Question 31

The process by which alleles in one gene move into gametes independent of alleles in other genes is known as ____.

A)independent segregation
B)independent separation
C)probability separation
D)probability assortment
E)independent assortment

Question 32

If R is dominant to r , the offspring of the cross of RR with rr will ____.

A)be homozygous
B)display the same phenotype as the RR parent
C)display the same phenotype as the rr parent
D)have the same genotype as the RR parent
E)have the same genotype as the rr parent

Question 33

A graphic tool used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses is the ____.

A)Mendelian box
B)Archimedian triangle
C)Euclid box
D)Hardy-Weinberg graph
E)Punnett square

Question 34

The wide-ranging effect of a single gene is called ____.

A)homozygous
B)segregation
C)pleiotropy
D)independent assortment
E)co-dominance

Question 35

The genes that code for blood typing are an example of ____. ​

A)a multiple allele system
B)segregation
C)pleiotropy
D)independent assortment
E)sex-linkage

Question 36

If C is dominant to c, what fraction of offspring will be homozygous when two heterozygous parents are crossed?

A)0/4
B)1/4
C)2/4
D)3/4
E)4/4

Question 37

What fraction of the time will the cross of Aa Bb with Aa Bb produce an offspring that will express the dominant trait for both alleles?

A)16/16
B)9/16
C)6/16
D)3/16
E)1/16

Question 38

If tall (D)is dominant to dwarf (d), and two homozygous varieties DD and dd are crossed, then what kind of offspring will be produced?

A)all intermediate forms
B)all tall
C)all dwarf
D)1/2 tall, 1/2 dwarf
E)3/4 tall, 1/4 dwarf

Question 39

If all offspring of a cross have the genotype Aa , the parents of the crosses would most likely be ____.

A)AA ´ aa
B)Aa ´ Aa
C)Aa ´ aa
D)AA ´ Aa
E)aa ´   aa

Question 40

If C is dominant to c, what fraction of offspring will show the dominant phenotype when two heterozygous parents are crossed? ​

A)0/4
B)1/4
C)2/4
D)3/4
E)4/4

Question 41

The probability that an individual who inherits an allele will have the phenotype associated with it is known as ____.

A)pleiotropy
B)genomic imprinting
C)codominance
D)penetrance
E)linkage

Question 42

Heterozygotes with the genotype Hb^A/Hb^S have ____. ​

A)sickle cell anemia
B)malaria
C)blood type AS
D)Fanconi's anemia
E)sickle cell trait

Question 43

The ABO blood types have how many different genotypes?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)12
E)16

Question 45

If a child has blood type AB, he or she could NOT have been produced by which set of parents?

A)Type A mother and type B father
B)Type AB mother and type O father
C)Type O mother and type O father
D)Type O mother and type AB father
E)Type B mother and type AB father

Question 46

What type of trait is the result of a combination of gene expressions?

A)pleiotropy
B)polygenic
C)codominance
D)penetrance
E)multifactorial

Question 47

If one parent has blood type A and the other parent has blood type B, then which of the following blood types is possible in the children?

A)AB only
B)A and AB only
C)B and AB only
D)A, B, AB, and O
E)O only

Question 48

How many different alleles for ABO blood types in the total human population exist?

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)six
E)nine

Question 49

In humans, normal skin pigmentation is influenced by a dominant gene ( C ), which allows pigmentation to develop. All individuals who are homozygous for the recessive allele ( c )are unable to produce an enzyme needed for melanin formation and are therefore referred to as albino. Two normal parents produce an albino child. What are the chances that the next child will be an albino?

Question 50

Skin color and eye color are an example of ____.

A)pleiotropy
B)polygenic traits
C)codominance
D)continuous variation
E)multifactorial traits

Question 51

The observation of a range of phenotypes in a genetic trait is ____.

A)pleiotropy
B)genomic imprinting
C)codominance
D)penetrance
E)continuous variation

Question 52

A gene that has three or more alleles is called a ____. ​

A)pleiotropic gene
B)dominant gene
C)multiple allele system
D)trivalent gene
E)polyvalent gene

Question 53

Which condition shows 100 percent penetrance?

A)sickle cell disease
B)cystic fibrosis
C)polydactyly
D)camptodactyly
E)eye color

Question 54

If a woman of blood type A has a child of blood type O, the father may belong to ____.

A)blood types A, AB, or O, but not B
B)blood type O only
C)blood types A, B, or O, but not AB
D)any blood type other than type A
E)blood type A only

Question 55

Earlobe attachment is an example of ____.

A)pleiotropy
B)polygenic traits
C)codominance
D)continuous variation
E)multifactorial traits

Question 56

A phenotype that is shaped by more than one gene and the environment is ____.

A)pleiotropy
B)genomic imprinting
C)codominance
D)penetrance
E)multifactorial

Question 57

Which of the following is a disease caused by a pleiotropic gene?

A)sickle-cell anemia
B)pernicious anemia
C)aplastic anemia
D)iron deficiency anemia
E)hemolytic anemia