Deck 3: Cells and How They Work

Question 1

A prokaryotic cell has all of the following EXCEPT ____. ​

A)a plasma membrane
B)DNA
C)cytoplasm
D)a nucleus inside a membrane
E)organelles

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The plasma membrane is composed of ____. ​

A)water and salts
B)proteins
C)nucleic acids
D)primarily phospholipids
E)proteins and carbohydrates

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Every living organism must have ____. ​

A)at least one cell
B)a nucleus
C)a cell wall
D)mitochondria
E)oxygen

Answer 3

A

Question 4

A photograph formed using a microscope is called a(n)____. ​

A)spectrograph
B)x-ray
C)stereograph
D)micrograph
E)microphoto

Question 5

An organelle found in the nucleus is known as a ____. ​

A)nucleolus
B)plastid
C)vacuole
D)microvillus
E)basal body

Question 6

What term refers to the ability of a cell membrane to regulate which molecules can enter and exit the cell? ​

A)transport selection
B)osmosis
C)cell recognition
D)selective permeability
E)fluidity ​

Question 7

The cell membrane mix of lipids and proteins is referred to as a(n)____. ​

A)mixture
B)compound
C)suspension
D)permeability
E)mosaic

Question 8

What organelle modifies new polypeptides and sorts proteins and lipids? ​

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)peroxisomes
D)lysosomes
E)Golgi body

Question 9

What factor of the plasma membrane provides fluidity? ​

A)The arrangements of carbohydrates
B)The movements of the phospholipids
C)The arrangement of proteins
D)The interaction of glycolipids with water
E)The enzymatic activity of membrane proteins

Question 10

What organelle is the site of ATP production? ​

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)peroxisomes
D)lysosomes
E)Golgi body

Question 11

What organelle inactivates toxins? ​

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)peroxisomes
D)lysosomes
E)Golgi body

Question 12

Which portion of the plasma membrane carries out most of the membrane's specific functions? ​

A)proteins
B)lipids
C)carbohydrates
D)glycolipids
E)glycoproteins

Question 13

What major factor limits cell size? ​

A)The rate at which it can process nutrients
B)The rate at which it can remove rates
C)The size of the nucleus
D)The surface to volume ratio
E)The size of the plasma membrane

Question 14

The term eukaryotic means ____. ​

A)having many nuclei
B)before the nucleus
C)having a true nucleus
D)not having a nucleus
E)not having DNA

Question 15

What portion of the cell contains microtubules and microfilaments? ​

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)cytoskeleton
D)smooth ER
E)rough ER

Question 16

What component of the cell is the site of polypeptide assembly? ​

A)nucleus ​
B)mitochondria
C)vesicles
D)ribosome
E)lysosome

Question 17

What type of microscope uses magnetic lenses to bend beams of electrons? ​

A)compound microscope
B)confocal microscope
C)scanning electron microscope
D)transmission electron microscope
E)light microscope

Question 18

Which particle is able to freely cross the plasma membrane? ​

A)Na⁺
B)Cl^-
C)oxygen
D)glucose
E)amino acids

Question 19

In what portion of the cell is the majority of DNA isolated? ​

A)nucleus
B)mitochondria
C)vesicles
D)cytoplasm ​
E)lysosome ​

Question 20

DNA and its attached proteins are known as ____. ​

A)nucleoli
B)the nuclear envelope
C)chromatin
D)chromosomes
E)genes

Question 21

A nuclear envelope has four of the following characteristics. Which is the exception? ​

A)single lipid bilayer
B)continuous with endoplasmic reticulum
C)possesses pores
D)controls passage into and out of nucleus
E)separates DNA from cytoplasm

Question 22

In which organ does the smooth ER inactivate drugs and harmful metabolic byproducts? ​

A)brain
B)kidney
C)liver
D)heart
E)spleen

Question 23

The organelle that produces the majority of the cell's ATP is the ____. ​

A)ribosome
B)lysosome
C)mitochondria
D)vesicle
E)Golgi body

Question 24

The organelle with a flattened channel that begins at the nuclear envelope and passes into the cytoplasm is the ____. ​

A)nucleus
B)nuclear membrane
C)Golgi body
D)endoplasmic reticulum
E)lysosome

Question 25

The most abundant cytoskeletal elements are ____. ​

A)intermediate filaments
B)flagella
C)microtubules
D)microfilaments
E)centrioles

Question 26

The diffusion of water across a membrane is known as ____. ​

A)osmosis
B)active transport
C)facilitated diffusion
D)movement through a channel
E)carrier mediated transport

Question 27

Which statement is true of mitochondria? ​

A)Mitochondria are found only in prokaryotic cells.
B)ATP is formed by reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
C)ATP-producing reactions take place in the outer compartment.
D)Mitochondria possess their own DNA.
E)ATP producing reactions do not require oxygen.

Question 28

The major difference between the smooth and rough ER is that ____. ​

A)smooth ER is isolated to the nucleus
B)vesicles are found only in the smooth ER
C)rough ER contains ribosomes
D)smooth ER is the site of polypeptide synthesis
E)rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis

Question 29

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from bacteria because ____. ​

A)they both have cristae membranes
B)mitochondria have their own DNA
C)their shapes and sizes are exactly the same
D)both are surrounded by a cell wall
E)both can live independently

Question 30

The organelle that converts harmful hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen is the ____. ​

A)smooth ER ​
B)peroxisome
C)Golgi body
D)ribosome
E)lysosome

Question 31

Which statement is NOT true of diffusion? ​

A)The process requires a concentration gradient.
B)The particles diffuse faster when the concentration gradient is steep.
C)The uncharged particles also move down electrical gradients.
D)Each particle moves down its own concentration gradient.
E)The process requires ATP.

Question 32

The production of ATP in the mitochondria requires ____. ​

A)ribosomes
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)vesicles
E)water

Question 33

In which structure do cilia covered in mucus trap foreign particles? ​

A)urinary tract
B)reproductive tract
C)arteries
D)respiratory tract
E)digestive tract

Question 34

Which cytoskeletal element anchors the proteins actin and myosin to strengthen the cytosol? ​

A)intermediate filaments
B)flagella
C)collagen
D)microfilaments
E)centrioles

Question 35

Bacteria captured by white blood cells are collected in vesicles and destroyed by ____. ​

A)smooth ER
B)peroxisomes
C)Golgi bodies
D)ribosomes
E)lysosomes

Question 36

A chromosome ____. ​

A)consists of DNA and its associated proteins
B)is a double stranded DNA molecule
C)anchors the DNA within the nucleus
D)stabilizes the nuclear membrane
E)is found within the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 37

The structure where parts of ribosomes form before passing into the cytoplasm is the ____. ​

A)nucleus ​
B)nuclear membrane
C)Golgi body
D)nucleolus
E)chromosome

Question 38

Two solutions A and B are separated by a membrane, which is permeable to water but not salts. Solution A is a 2% NaCl solution, while solution B is a 3% NaCl solution. Which of the following will occur? ​

A)Water will move from side B to side A.
B)Water will move from side A to side B.
C)Salt will move from side B to side A.
D)Salt will move from side A to side B.
E)Neither salt or water will move across the membrane.

Question 39

Which structure produces cell movements? ​

A)intermediate filaments
B)flagella
C)collagen
D)microfilaments
E)centrioles ​

Question 40

Which structure gives rise to microtubules? ​

A)intermediate filaments
B)flagella
C)collagen
D)microfilaments
E)centrioles

Question 41

Dehydration synthesis reactions are forms of ____. ​

A)catabolism
B)anabolism
C)enzymatic deficiency
D)intermediary metabolism
E)denaturation

Question 42

The portion of an enzyme where the substrate binds is known as the ____. ​

A)receptor site
B)active site
C)target receptor
D)target site
E)contact site

Question 43

Cholera produces severe diarrhea by ____. ​

A)increasing the rate at which cells pump out ions
B)decreasing osmosis in small intestinal cells
C)blocking ATP production
D)increasing water pumps in small intestinal cells
E)blocking sodium and potassium channels

Question 44

A cell moves sodium ions against its concentration gradient. This is an example of ____. ​

A)active transport
B)osmosis
C)diffusion
D)facilitated diffusionc
E)diffusion through a channel

Question 45

Glycolysis reactions involve ____. ​

A)aerobic metabolism
B)phosphorylation reactions
C)mitochondria
D)Krebs cycle reactions
E)electron transport chain reactions

Question 46

Glucose moves through a protein transporter down its concentration gradient into the cell. This is an example of ____. ​

A)diffusion ​
B)endocytosis
C)exocytosis
D)osmosis
E)facilitated diffusion

Question 47

The chemical reactions in cells are called ____. ​

A)substrate
B)coenzymes
C)receptor sites
D)metabolism
E)active site

Question 48

The measure of the concentration of solutes in a solution is ____. ​

A)tonicity
B)osmosis
C)hydrostatic pressure
D)diffusion
E)facilitated diffusion ​

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT true of enzyme behavior? ​

A)Enzyme shape may change during catalysis.
B)Enzymes cannot make something happen that would not happen on its own.
C)All enzymes have an active site where substrates are temporarily bound.
D)Each enzyme can catalyze a wide variety of different reactions.
E)Enzymes speed up reactions.

Question 50

All enzymes are which type of organic molecule?

A)lipids
B)minerals
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins
E)proteins

Question 51

The process by which cells break down nutrients to produce ATP is known as ____. ​

A)anabolism
B)dehydration synthesis
C)glycolysis
D)cellular respiration
E)ATP activation

Question 52

For charged particles, transport across the cell membrane is influence by the concentration gradient and ____. ​

A)the size of the particle
B)pore size
C)electrical gradient
D)ATP production
E)membrane thickness

Question 53

Phagocytosis is a form of ____. ​

A)diffusion
B)endocytosis
C)exocytosis
D)osmosis
E)facilitated diffusion

Question 54

Which transport process requires ATP utilization? ​

A)active transport
B)osmosis
C)diffusion
D)facilitated diffusion
E)diffusion through a channel

Question 55

A thyroid gland cell secretes thyroid hormones into the blood. This is an example of ____. ​

A)diffusion
B)endocytosis ​
C)exocytosis
D)osmosis
E)facilitated diffusion

Question 56

In places where the public sanitation is poor, people run the risk of getting ____. ​

A)West Nile virus
B)cholera
C)SARS ​
D)anthrax
E)mononucleosis

Question 57

When an enzyme breaks the bond between the second and third phosphate group on ATP ____. ​

A)energy is released
B)ATP is produced
C)glucose is produced
D)cellular work decreases
E)metabolism decreases ​

Question 58

A red blood cell is placed in a solution. After a period of time, the cells has shrunk to half its original size. Which of the following is true? ​

A)Water moved from the solution into the cell.​
B)The solution inside the cell is hypertonic.
C)The cell was placed in a hypertonic solution.
D)The cell was placed in an isotonic solution.
E)Salt left the cell resulting in its change in size.

Question 59

The term substrate is synonymous to the term ____. ​

A)enzyme
B)end product
C)reactant
D)intermediate
E)active site

Question 60

Many coenzymes are which type of molecule? ​

A)lipids
B)sugars
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins
E)proteins

Question 61

Assuming one glucose molecule being metabolized, what is the net yield of ATP in the cell under anaerobic conditions? ​

A)1
B)2
C)32
D)34
E)36

Question 62

Assuming one glucose molecule being metabolized, what is the net yield of ATP in the cell under aerobic conditions? ​

A)1
B)2
C)32
D)34
E)36

Question 63

Assuming one glucose molecule being metabolized, what is the net yield of ATP in the cytoplasm under aerobic conditions? ​

A)1
B)2
C)32 ​
D)34
E)36

Question 64

During glycolysis, phosphate groups are transferred to glucose from ATP. This process is called ____. ​

A)ionization.
B)polymerization
C)phosphorylation
D)dephosphorylation
E)opsonization

Question 65

Which molecule is the final electron acceptor at the electron transport chain? ​

A)ATP
B)oxygen
C)phosphate
D)acetyl-CoA
E)NAD and FAD

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT an end product of glycolysis? ​

A)total of 4 ATP produced
B)net yield of 2 ATP
C)2 pyruvate molecules
D)carbon dioxide
E)production of a pair of three carbon molecules

Question 67

What molecule is the body's main energy source? ​

A)oxygen ​
B)carbon dioxide
C)glucose
D)fats
E)proteins

Question 68

Arsenic poisoning affects ATP production by ____. ​

A)using excess oxygen
B)interfering with Krebs cycle and electron transport chain reactions
C)increasing carbon dioxide levels
D)blocking glucose entry into cells
E)blocking the enzymes of glycolysis

Question 69

Osmosis is a(n)____________________ process because it does not require ATP energy.

Question 70

Endocytosis and exocytosis move large molecules or particles across the membrane using ____________________. ​

Question 71

Which molecules pick up and transfer H⁺ to the electron transport chain? ​

A)ATP
B)oxygen
C)phosphate
D)acetyl-CoA
E)NAD and FAD

Question 72

Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of ____. ​

A)NADH
B)pyruvate
C)water
D)glucose
E)oxygen

Question 73

Because glucose is a large molecule, it crosses the membrane through ____________________ diffusion. ​

Question 74

When the body utilizes fats for energy the fatty acids enter which pathway of the metabolic cycle? specifically glycolysis in the liver

A)glycolysis
B)Krebs cycle
C)electron transport chain reactions
D)specifically glycolysis in the liver
E)fermentation reactions ​

Question 75

Assuming one glucose molecule being metabolized, what is the net yield of ATP in the mitochondria under aerobic conditions? ​

A)1
B)2
C)32
D)34
E)36

Question 76

A difference in the number of particles in two neighboring solutions is a(n)____________________. ​

Question 77

A cell placed in a(n)____________________ solution will swell. ​

Question 78

Which ion accumulates in the outer mitochondrial membrane compartment during electron transport chain reactions? ​ calcium calcium

A)hydrogen
B)oxygen
C)sodium ​
D)potassium
E)calcium

Question 79

With each turn of the Krebs cycle, ____. ​

A)the majority of ATP are produced
B)oxygen is produced
C)carbon dioxide is utilized
D)NADH and FADH₂ are produced
E)pyruvate is produced

Question 80

Which molecule can enter the Krebs cycle reactions? ​

A)glucose
B)pyruvate
C)carbon dioxide
D)NADH
E)acetyl-CoA