Deck 9: Early Adolescence 12 to 18 Years

Question 1

The European American culture gives _____ advantages to muscular, well-developed males and petite-shaped females.

A) egocentric
B) academic
C) self-esteem
D) legal

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Evidence of a secular trend can be found in the fact that

A) over the last 100 years more and more adolescents have enrolled and graduated from high school.
B) over the last 100 years people have developed a healthier diet.
C) over the last 100 years people have attained their adult height at earlier ages.
D) over the past 50 years, there has been a decline in the amount of exercise in an adolescent's life.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

James has just begun growing at a very fast, accelerated pace that is likely to last for a year or more. James is MOST LIKELY which of the following ages?

A) About 15
B) About 12 1/2
C) About 10
D) About 8

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The onset of the menstrual cycle is called

A) amenorrhea.
B) anorexia.
C) menarche.
D) menopause.

Question 5

For boys who are experiencing pubescent growth, shaving provides some evidence for

A) enhanced masculinity.
B) peer group identification.
C) the secular trend.
D) understanding reproductive maturation.

Question 6

Rafael is going through puberty. Which of the following can he expect to occur during this time?

A) Concrete operational thoughts
B) Maturation of his reproductive system
C) Slowing of his growth curve
D) Increased speed of linguistic competence

Question 7

What is a common consequence of early maturation for girls?

A) Higher grades in school
B) Loyalty to friends
C) High levels of leadership abilities
D) Higher levels of conflict with parents

Question 8

Agnes is growing up in a household with four big brothers. Chances are, Agnes is more ____ than her brothers about her physical appearance.

A) satisfied
B) dissatisfied
C) vain
D) hopeful

Question 9

Which of the following statements about sexual maturation is true for boys?

A) They are generally well prepared by their parents for the maturation of the reproductive organs.
B) They often gain information about the maturation of the reproductive system from friends and through reading.
C) The first ejaculation experience is associated with overwhelming feelings of anxiety.
D) Spontaneous ejaculation is one of the first physical signs of puberty.

Question 10

What is the relationship of body dissatisfaction to eating disturbances?

A) Body dissatisfaction is linked to more physical activity, which interferes with proper eating.
B) Girls who are dissatisfied with their body are likely to engage in extreme forms of dieting.
C) Girls who are dissatisfied with their weight are less likely to be socially isolated.
D) Body dissatisfaction is universal among adolescent girls. There is no systematic relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disturbances.

Question 11

Teresa is just beginning puberty. Which of the following was MOST LIKELY her first sign of this?

A) She began growing breast buds.
B) She needed to start wearing a bra.
C) She experienced menarche.
D) She noticed increased muscle strength.

Question 12

How is the timing of puberty related to self-image for late-maturing adolescent boys?

A) They are likely to be self-conscious and have a negative self-image.
B) They are confident and assume leadership roles.
C) They have a more positive attitude about their physical appearance.
D) They are extremely narcissistic and self-absorbed.

Question 13

During early adolescence, there is _____ in the rate and sequence of development.

A) variability
B) reversibility
C) reliability
D) stability

Question 14

What is one challenge faced by adolescent girls who do not live with their mothers?

A) Their fathers know more than they do about pubertal development.
B) They are embarrassed to ask their fathers about their pubertal development.
C) Their fathers talk to their boyfriends too much.
D) Their fathers do not know anything about girls' pubertal development.

Question 15

The Newman and Newman conceptualization of adolescence

A) is the same as Erikson's.
B) argues for a single stage from the onset of puberty until the end of college.
C) emphasizes the importance of the development of individual identity during the high school years.
D) describes two distinct stages: early adolescence and later adolescence

Question 16

Which of the following is an important aspect of peer relationships that occurs in early adolescence?

A) Sexual interest
B) Shared activities
C) Best friend relationships
D) The formulation of a social contract

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of how culture shapes experience?

A) Early pubertal onset and weight increases were particularly strong predictors of negative body image and depression among African American girls.
B) Mexican girls become somewhat more depressed as they go through puberty, whereas Mexican boys experience an improved sense of body image and well-being.
C) Early pubertal onset and weight increases were not particularly strong predictors of negative body image and depression among European American girls.
D) Mexican boys become somewhat more depressed as they go through puberty, whereas Mexican girls experience an improved sense of body image and well-being.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

A) Production of mature sperm
B) Growth of the penis
C) Onset of menarche
D) Maturation of breasts

Question 19

Because the pediatrician told her so, Yolanda knows that her son Ricky's rapid physical growth at puberty will most likely

A) take place at about the same rate in all parts of his body.
B) be easily integrated into a new body image.
C) leave Ricky awkward and uncoordinated for a time.
D) be characterized by an increase in muscle strength about a year before the peak height spurt.

Question 20

In general, how do girls react when they begin to menstruate?

A) A mix of positive and negative feelings
B) Proud and happy
C) Mostly negative feelings
D) They feel inadequate

Question 21

Which of the following is most accurate concerning sexual-minority youth's sexual orientation?

A) Self-labeling does not occur until adulthood.
B) Disclosure occurs almost immediately after self-labeling.
C) Parental acceptance after disclosure is very important to well-being and identity development.
D) Disclosure typically occurs first with family members and then with close friends.

Question 22

One change in mental activity that occurs during early adolescence is that young people are able to

A) consciously experience changes in the brain.
B) generate perceptions based on fantasy principles.
C) generate hypotheses about events they have never perceived.
D) use motor behavior as the basis of planning activity.

Question 23

An important characteristic of formal operational thought is the ability to

A) think about themselves, other individuals, and their world in relativistic ways.
B) use sensory and motor schemes to solve non-verbal problems.
C) conform to the expectations of one's peers in guiding one's behavior.
D) do trial and error problem solving.

Question 24

Which of the following is TRUE of contraceptive use among adolescents?

A) Jared is more likely to use contraceptives as an adolescent than his father was as an adolescent.
B) Jared is less likely to use contraceptives as an adolescent than his father was as an adolescent.
C) Jared is just as likely to use contraceptives as an adolescent as his father was as an adolescent.
D) Neither Jared nor his father likely used contraceptives as adolescents.

Question 25

When Larson and Lampman-Petraitis gave electronic paging devices to monitor adolescents' emotions, they found that adolescences experienced:

A) more positive emotions than younger children.
B) more mildly negative emotions than younger children.
C) frequent, sudden shifts from intense anger to intense joy.
D) no change in variability of emotions with age.

Question 26

The changes in conceptual development that occur during the early adolescent period can result in

A) a more flexible, critical, and abstract view of the world.
B) fewer creative ideas.
C) greater belief in one's own ideas and relatively little understanding of others' ideas.
D) a less flexible, critical, and longitudinal view of the world.

Question 27

Why do romantic relationships, sexual fantasies, and sexual behaviors increase during adolescence?

A) As a result of biological changes alone
B) As a result of cultural contexts alone
C) As a result of both biological changes and cultural contexts
D) Neither because of biological changes nor cultural contexts

Question 28

According to research on formal operational thought,

A) most 15-year-olds do not use formal operational strategies on all problems.
B) formal operational thought is observed consistently by adults in all cultures.
C) mature scientific reasoning does not require formal operational thought.
D) most 13-year-olds used formal operational strategies on most problems.

Question 29

Which of the following is a criticism of formal operational reasoning as a stage of cognitive development?

A) It does not describe the sensory-based reasoning of which adolescents are capable.
B) It does not deal with the ability of adolescents to raise hypotheses about an unknown future.
C) It is not broad enough to encompass the many dimensions along which cognitive functioning changes in adolescence.
D) It includes too many dimensions such as the biological basis and social context of reasoning.

Question 30

For young people, the transition to sexualized relationships including learning the art of flirtation, practicing how to approach, and learning the rules of engagement between the sexes is influenced by

A) reading "how to" books.
B) what they learn in the classroom.
C) the norms of the peer group and the community.
D) innate reflexes that become manifest at puberty.

Question 31

The kind of reasoning associated with diplomacy, psychotherapy, and spiritual leadership is called ________ reasoning.

A) formal
B) emotional
C) scientific
D) postformal

Question 32

According to the model developed by Udry and Billy, the three dimensions that contribute to the transition to sexual intercourse in adolescence are

A) motivation, impulse, and drive.
B) motivation, social control, and attractiveness.
C) social control, social norms, and social roles.
D) attractiveness, popularity, and opportunity.

Question 33

Which of the following is considered to be of central importance to the prevention of early pregnancy for both boys and girls?

A) Building greater confidence in and commitment to the consistent use of contraception as part of any sexual relationship
B) Building greater social expectations and commitment to assuming the financial and social responsibilities of parenthood
C) Fostering a sense of self-efficacy and investment in academic goals leading to post-secondary education
D) Creating feelings of guilt about engaging in sexual intercourse

Question 34

Which of the following is most accurate?

A) Adolescents rarely contract sexually transmitted diseases.
B) AIDS is the most common sexually transmitted disease among adolescents.
C) Most young people are interested in learning more about AIDS.
D) If chlamydia is untreated, it may cause pelvic inflammatory disease that leads to infertility.

Question 35

Which of the following is likely to be possible because one has attained formal operational thinking?

A) Categorizing objects
B) Thinking about things changing in the future
C) Doing complicated calculations
D) Solving conservation problems

Question 36

The interdependence of emotion and cognition may result in

A) improved management of emotional expression.
B) over-intellectualizing the feelings of others.
C) denial of one's emotional complexity.
D) attempts to defend against the behavior of family and friends.

Question 37

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about formal operational thinking?

A) No new skills are required; there is a more complex intermingling of skills learned in previous stages.
B) It is best developed through rote learning of complex material.
C) New skills help the person anticipate the consequences of their actions.
D) It depends upon thoughts generated by remote associations to well-learned concepts.

Question 38

Most studies of adolescent mothers find that many fathers

A) abandon the mother and child in the first month after birth.
B) remain active in the child's life throughout early childhood and adolescence.
C) are teenagers themselves.
D) remain in contact with the mother and child.

Question 39

According to Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development that is attained in early adolescence is called

A) formal operations.
B) information processing.
C) general intelligence.
D) critical thinking.

Question 40

Ann is an adolescent girl whose boyfriend wants to have sexual intercourse with her. Her decision about this will be closely related to

A) her physical attractiveness.
B) her hormone levels.
C) her parents values and the norms of her peer group.
D) her desire to achieve independence.

Question 41

Alan is experiencing sleeplessness, sadness, and loss of appetite. He is very low in energy and doesn't want to get involved in any of the activities that provided enjoyment in the past. A likely diagnosis is

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) depressed mood.
C) binge drinking.
D) egocentrism.

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of an internalizing problem?

A) Feelings of romantic attraction
B) Feelings of hopefulness
C) Feelings of worthlessness
D) Feelings of aggression directed toward property

Question 43

In contrast to those with anorexia, adolescents who suffer from bulimia are more likely to

A) prevent food absorption through induced vomiting or use of laxatives.
B) suffer serious health risks.
C) focus exclusively on weight loss.
D) have spurts of public gluttony.

Question 44

Acts that are illegal for adolescents but not adults, such as truancy and underage drinking, are called

A) stage offenses.
B) status offenses.
C) problems of immaturity.
D) acting out behavioral offenses.

Question 45

Which of the following is least likely to cause depression in early adolescence?

A) Experiences of loss or failure
B) Parental loss or rejection
C) Hormonal changes
D) Peer acceptance

Question 46

After puberty, boys and girls show noticeably different levels of aggression. Problems that result from difficulties in managing aggression are known as

A) externalizing problems.
B) internalizing problems.
C) defensive problems.
D) turning against the self.

Question 47

As a result of the newly installed metal detectors, Bob was caught bringing a gun to school. He claims that he just wanted to show it to his history teacher. Based on what you know about teens who carry guns, what do you think might be another possible motive?

A) Bob is interested in the physics of weapons.
B) Bob wants to help protect his friends from other bullies at school.
C) Bob is looking for respect by intimidating his peers with a gun.
D) Bob is trying to protect himself, having been threatened by other kids at school.

Question 48

Which of the following might lead to increased feelings of insecurity and worthlessness, and lack of confidence for adolescent girls?

A) Lack of a part-time job
B) Parental restrictions on dating
C) Sexist micro-aggressions by teachers, male peers, or parents
D) Ambitious academic goals

Question 49

Because of "who she is," Kendra is especially prone to depression. Knowing only this, which of the following is MOST LIKELY true of Kendra?

A) She is the daughter of a depressed mother.
B) She is the teacher of adolescents.
C) She is the mother of adolescents.
D) She is the daughter of a working mother.

Question 50

A depressed mood in early adolescence is of special concern because it is linked to:

A) suicide and/or suicidal attempts.
B) juvenile delinquency.
C) lack of respect for authorities.
D) delayed formal operational reasoning.

Question 51

Twelve-year-old Henry has been carrying a knife for more than a year. Which of the following is his MOST LIKELY primary motive for doing so?

A) Intimidation
B) Self-defense
C) The desire for revenge
D) Peer group pressure

Question 52

Based on research, it is likely that since Shauna has a more mature body shape than her best friend, she is also more likely to report more thoughts and feelings that are related to

A) obesity.
B) love.
C) aggression.
D) depression.

Question 53

Eleven-year-old Rachel lost her father last year. Because of this, Rachel is more vulnerable to

A) egocentrism.
B) depression.
C) early onset of puberty.
D) romantic ideas about family formation.

Question 54

Lars and his cousins are all between the ages of 15 and 24. Lars is sixteen, three of his cousins are 15, two are 19, and two are 24. Among this broad age group, what is the national occurrence of suicides?

A) One every week
B) One every day
C) One every 2 hours and 15 minutes
D) One every 15 minutes

Question 55

How is the problem of anorexia linked to the topic of emotional development?

A) Guilt is not experienced among adolescents with anorexia.
B) Girls with anorexia have other externalizing problems as well.
C) Anorexia is associated with difficulties accepting and expressing emotions.
D) Anorexia is associated with difficulties in impulse control.

Question 56

Delinquency is associated with which of the following?

A) Overcontrol of emotions
B) Fear of being thought of as unmanly
C) Body image dissatisfaction
D) Inability to control and manage one's impulses

Question 57

Monte has been involved in repeated acts of violence and violent crimes, which makes him much more likely to

A) drop out of school.
B) turn himself around with little need for intervention.
C) experience clinical levels of depression.
D) be dissatisfied with his body image.

Question 58

Which of the following is an eating disorder that is characterized by fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight?

A) Menarche
B) Depression
C) Anorexia
D) Egocentrism

Question 59

Abby is a shy adolescent who lives a very structured life, keeping to a strict routine. Over the last 6 months, she has lost 20 pounds. She is often nauseous and does not enjoy eating. Her mother tries to encourage her to eat, but Abby insists she is too fat and she looks better this way. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Externalizing disorder
B) Anorexia
C) Peer group alienation
D) Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 60

As adolescents become aware of a more differentiated array of emotions, boys are more likely to have a heightened awareness of new levels of negative emotions that focus on

A) being crazy.
B) internalizing.
C) consequences.
D) aggressive impulses.

Question 61

Diverse processes such as joining a group, forming in-group and out-group attitudes, stereotyping, rejecting a group, and exercising leadership in a group, are all examples of group

A) referencing.
B) reflecting.
C) representations.
D) operations.

Question 62

What is the meaning of the term "crowd" in relation to the adolescent peer group?

A) A small group of 5 to 10 friends
B) All the people one adolescent knows by name
C) A large group recognized by a few predominant characteristics
D) All the popular kids in a school

Question 63

Martin aspires to belong to the Eagle Scouts. For Martin, the Eagle Scouts represent a(n) ________ group.

A) reference
B) membership
C) ethnic
D) cohort

Question 64

As adolescents go through puberty, conflicts with parents

A) are about basic values.
B) are likely.
C) decrease.
D) are started by the father.

Question 65

Which of the following is least characteristic of adolescent peer cliques?

A) They have rigid boundaries.
B) They have strong expectations for moral behavior.
C) They can be identified by characteristic clothing, language, and places where they get together.
D) They are extremely stable over the course of a school year.

Question 66

During early adolescence, the peer group tends to become more _____ than it had been at earlier ages.

A) causal
B) structured
C) tied to the neighborhood
D) homogeneous

Question 67

The self-consciousness and egocentrism common in early adolescence is likely to result in experiences of

A) formal operational reasoning.
B) alienation.
C) social support.
D) peer group membership.

Question 68

Which of the following was observed in research that examined the influence of parenting practices on peer group membership?

A) Parents who ignore their children have children who stay at home more.
B) Parents who emphasize academic achievement have children who belong to the "popular" crowd.
C) Parents who love and support their children have children who bring their friends back to the house after school.
D) Parents who do little to involve their children in decision-making have children who are socially rejected.

Question 69

Mild, periodic conflicts between adolescents and their parents reflect which of the following?

A) Adolescent stubbornness as a result of hormone changes
B) Parental rigidity as a result of age
C) The influence of friends' pressures
D) To achieve new autonomy

Question 70

Alienation associated with issues of _______ may occur when early adolescents are forced to take on roles to which they do not subscribe.

A) common bond
B) common identity
C) ethnicity
D) identity confusion

Question 71

Hammad, who is 15, does not feel that he is a part of any social group; he is uneasy in the presence of peers. Several of the other kids in his classroom intentionally dismiss him because of his ethnic background. He is experiencing

A) group identity.
B) fidelity.
C) discrimination.
D) inferiority.

Question 72

In the study of three ethnic groups, what happened to relations with parents as peer relations increased in importance during early adolescence?

A) Family members continued to be the most central source of love and emotional support.
B) Parents decreased in importance as peer relations provided more closeness.
C) Adolescents spent more time at home in interaction with their parents after school and on weekends.
D) Family members were only important for those adolescents who did not have close friends.

Question 73

Membership in peer groups helps adolescents learn important skills such as

A) assessing group structure.
B) avoiding delinquent behavior.
C) being responsive to adult expectations.
D) coping with media images.

Question 74

Which of the following is most accurate about adolescent suicides?

A) Girls commit suicide more often than boys.
B) Availability of a firearm is a risk factor.
C) Boys attempt suicide more often than girls.
D) The number reported seems to be quite accurate.

Question 75

In the process of resolving the psychosocial crisis of _____ , adolescents become psychologically connected to the social life of their family, school, and community.

A) group identity versus alienation
B) fidelity versus despair
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 76

Which of the following is a precipitating event that might lead to adolescent suicide?

A) A humiliating experience
B) A notable failure
C) Rejection by a romantic partner
D) All of these

Question 77

Populars, gangs, skateboarders, and jocks are examples of

A) high school organizations.
B) peer crowds.
C) troubled teens.
D) social class roles.

Question 78

The intensification of emotions that occurs in early adolescence often contributes to a ________ for adolescents to their groups.

A) distancing process
B) distillation
C) deepening dedication
D) categorization process

Question 79

The formation of group identity requires which of the following?

A) A sense of having a history of shared experiences
B) Adequate financial resources
C) A sense of sexual adequacy
D) Adequate role containment

Question 80

What, broadly speaking, occurs when adolescents are exposed to and actively engaged in suicide prevention programs in school?

A) They show an increase of help seeking following the beginning of the program.
B) They show increases in negative reactions after being exposed to information about suicide.
C) They are much less likely to commit suicide than students who are not in the program.
D) They are less likely to talk to teachers once the program begins.