Deck 22: Diet and Cancer

Question 1

Unsafe sex is one of the leading modifiable risk factors related to cancer development worldwide.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Fiber in foods helps prevent damage to DNA or assist in its repair.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A number of studies have noted good results preventing cancer from the use of large amounts of individual supplements such as vitamin C.

Question 5

Excess body fat is not associated with cancer development.

Question 6

About 80 to 90% of common forms of cancer are related to biological factors that modify the structure and function of DNA.

Question 7

Cancer is considered a largely preventable disease.

Question 8

Herbal supplements have been shown to help prevent cancer.

Question 9

Cherries are a good source of antioxidants.

Question 10

Diets related to the prevention of cancer are very restrictive and hard to follow.

Question 11

All cancers share the hallmark of damaged DNA.

Question 12

Cancer development generally proceeds in a straight line.

Question 13

Most cancers are not clearly linked to genes we inherit from our parents.

Question 14

It is recommended that total fat and saturated fat intake be reduced in the diet to lower the risk of cancer.

Question 15

Regular intake of beverages high in added sugars is linked to the development of cancer.

Question 16

The thyroid is the most common cancer site.

Question 17

Macrobiotic diets have been shown to effectively treat cancer.

Question 18

Cancer is a group of conditions that result from a bacterial infection.​

Question 19

Declines in rates of tobacco use are associated with reduced rates of new cancer cases.

Question 20

Death rates from cancer in the United States are continuing to increase at a rate of two percent per year.

Question 21

Cancer is contagious.

Question 22

Which type of cancer constitutes the highest percentage of new cases in men?

A)prostate
B)skin
C)leukemia
D)lung
E)colon

Question 23

Which type of cancer constitutes the highest percentage of new cases in women?

A)thyroid
B)lung
C)breast
D)skin
E)pancreas

Question 24

A major role plant foods play in reducing cancer risk appears to be related to _____.

A)the antioxidant function of certain vitamins and phytochemicals
B)the role certain vitamins play in hormone production
C)the role certain minerals play in immune function
D)their effect on blood pressure
E)their complex carbohydrate content

Question 25

Which modifiable risk factor(s)is/are related to cancer development worldwide?

A)smoking only
B)sun exposure only
C)air pollution only
D)smoking and sun exposure
E)smoking and air pollution

Question 26

Which dietary pattern has been linked to the development of cancer?

A)regular consumption of fish and poultry
B)regular consumption of whole-grain products
C)low intake of vegetables and fruits
D)high intake of beans,nuts,and seeds
E)moderate alcohol intake

Question 27

Alice is trying to reduce her risk of cancer.What should she exclude from her diet?

A)alcohol
B)red meat
C)added sugar
D)charred meats
E)caffeine

Question 28

The risk of cancer development begins when DNA becomes damaged.

Question 29

Approximately 40% of the U.S.population will develop cancer at some point during life.

Question 30

The _____ of cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.

A)initiation
B)termination
C)progression
D)remission
E)promotion

Question 31

Acquired mutations in somatic cells can be passed on to the next generation.

Question 32

A genetically based susceptibility to cancer can develop in infancy.

Question 33

Poor diet,excess alcohol intake,and obesity account for _____% of cancer risk.

A)10-20
B)20-30
C)30-40
D)40-50
E)50-60

Question 34

In some individuals,vegetables such as _____ appear to "turn off" genes that promote the oxidative stress and inflammation that can damage DNA.

A)​tomatoes
B)pumpkins
C)carrots
D)red bell peppers
E)​cabbage

Question 35

Regular consumption of _____ has been linked to the development of cancer.

A)​dairy products
B)charred meats
C)tomato products
D)soy
E)​red wine

Question 36

Regular consumption of _____ is related to a reduced risk of cancer.​

A)​chicken
B)nuts and seeds
C)refined grains
D)milk
E)​fortified food

Question 37

Which factor will least likely lower your risk of developing cancer?

A)maintaining a desirable weight
B)limiting consumption of genetically modified foods
C)increasing consumption of high fiber foods
D)limiting excess alcohol consumption
E)limiting consumption of processed meat

Question 38

Cancer _____.

A)is contagious
B)death rates are increasing in the United States
C)is generally unsuccessfully treated
D)is caused by excessive intake of saturated fat
E)has many causes

Question 39

Which site is among the most common cancer sites?

A)brain
B)colon
C)kidney
D)pancreas
E)liver

Question 40

Cancer initiation in cell DNA can be caused by _____.

A)viruses only
B)antioxidants only
C)abnormal hormonal changes only
D)viruses and antioxidants
E)​viruses and abnormal hormonal changes

Question 41

In what order do the phases of cancer development occur?

A)progression,initiation,promotion​
B)initiation,promotion,progression
C)radiation,initiation,promotion
D)alteration,progression,promotion
E)promotion,alteration,progression

Question 42

What can people do to reduce their risk of cancer?

A)Eat grilled meats most days of the week.
B)Consume a majority of grains from refined sources.
C)Consume 2-3 drinks of wine or beer daily.
D)Exercise for 30-60 minutes per day.
E)Take vitamin and herbal supplements to ensure adequate nutrient intake.

Question 43

Regular consumption of tomato products is related to a decreased risk of _____ cancer.

A)breast​
B)prostate
C)stomach
D)colon and rectum
E)liver

Question 44

Regular consumption of which source of protein is related to a reduced risk of cancer?

A)​chicken
B)dried beans
C)eggs
D)pork
E)dairy products

Question 45

Rates of _____ in Japanese and Alaskan Native women have increased substantially as they have adopted Westernized diets and lifestyles.

A)breast cancer
B)stomach cancer
C)uterine cancer
D)lung cancer
E)leukemia

Question 46

A genetically based susceptibility to cancer can develop in _____.

A)only a fetus during pregnancy
B)infancy alone
C)childhood alone
D)a fetus during pregnancy and during infancy
E)both infancy and adolescence,but not prenatally

Question 47

Julie has a family history of colon cancer.She would like to learn ways to reduce her risk of colon cancer and lower her overall risk of cancer.Julie has talked to her doctor about what she can do and is also meeting with a registered dietitian to learn more about specific lifestyle and nutrition modifications that she can make.Julie has a history of heavy drinking and consumes mostly processed foods,including refined grain products.The only vegetable she consumes is lettuce.On weekends she enjoys grilling meats on the barbeque grill.Answer the following questions to help Julie with some lifestyle modifications,including dietary changes,before she meets with the dietitian.
Julie should exclude excessive intake of _____ to reduce her cancer risk.

A)cranberry juice
B)soft drinks
C)orange juice
D)skim milk
E)alcohol

Question 48

Julie has a family history of colon cancer.She would like to learn ways to reduce her risk of colon cancer and lower her overall risk of cancer.Julie has talked to her doctor about what she can do and is also meeting with a registered dietitian to learn more about specific lifestyle and nutrition modifications that she can make.Julie has a history of heavy drinking and consumes mostly processed foods,including refined grain products.The only vegetable she consumes is lettuce.On weekends she enjoys grilling meats on the barbeque grill.Answer the following questions to help Julie with some lifestyle modifications,including dietary changes,before she meets with the dietitian.
In addition to dietary changes,what else should Julie consider doing to decrease her risk of cancer?

A)Exercise daily.
B)Consider alternative therapies such as a colon cleanse.
C)Try a macrobiotic diet.
D)Look for phytochemical extracts to supplement her diet.
E)Try an herbal supplement.

Question 49

Cameron is trying to reduce his risk of cancer.How many minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity should he participate in daily?

A)10-30 minutes​
B)30-60 minutes
C)60-90 minutes
D)90 or more minutes
E)120 or more minutes

Question 50

Julie has a family history of colon cancer.She would like to learn ways to reduce her risk of colon cancer and lower her overall risk of cancer.Julie has talked to her doctor about what she can do and is also meeting with a registered dietitian to learn more about specific lifestyle and nutrition modifications that she can make.Julie has a history of heavy drinking and consumes mostly processed foods,including refined grain products.The only vegetable she consumes is lettuce.On weekends she enjoys grilling meats on the barbeque grill.Answer the following questions to help Julie with some lifestyle modifications,including dietary changes,before she meets with the dietitian.
What should Julie do to reduce her risk of colorectal cancer?

A)Switch from beer to red wine when she drinks.
B)Decrease her intake of red and processed meats.
C)Eliminate added sugars.
D)Increase her intake of green tea.
E)Avoid cigarette smoke.

Question 51

Julie has a family history of colon cancer.She would like to learn ways to reduce her risk of colon cancer and lower her overall risk of cancer.Julie has talked to her doctor about what she can do and is also meeting with a registered dietitian to learn more about specific lifestyle and nutrition modifications that she can make.Julie has a history of heavy drinking and consumes mostly processed foods,including refined grain products.The only vegetable she consumes is lettuce.On weekends she enjoys grilling meats on the barbeque grill.Answer the following questions to help Julie with some lifestyle modifications,including dietary changes,before she meets with the dietitian.
Which strategy would most likely help Julie increase her intake of antioxidants?​

A)Consume more lean meat such as poultry.
B)Consume brightly colored fruits and vegetables.
C)Take a multivitamin and a vitamin E supplement.
D)Increase her intake of whole grains.
E)Consume more fish and seafood.

Question 52

Increasing rates of new cases of cancer took a turn for the better after 1992 corresponding to _____.

A)an educational campaign regarding the negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption
B)an increase in the availability of fruits and vegetables
C)improvements in medical technology
D)declines in rates of tobacco use
E)a decrease in the percentage of elderly in the United States

Question 53

In what order do the phases of cancer development occur?

A)1-5​
B)5-10
C)10-30
D)30-50
E)50-55

Question 54

Some of the most convincing evidence of the robust relationship between environmental factors and cancer comes from studies of cancer rates in _____.

A)people migrating to other countries​
B)older adults
C)certain ethnic groups
D)children
E)families

Question 55

Julie has a family history of colon cancer.She would like to learn ways to reduce her risk of colon cancer and lower her overall risk of cancer.Julie has talked to her doctor about what she can do and is also meeting with a registered dietitian to learn more about specific lifestyle and nutrition modifications that she can make.Julie has a history of heavy drinking and consumes mostly processed foods,including refined grain products.The only vegetable she consumes is lettuce.On weekends she enjoys grilling meats on the barbeque grill.Answer the following questions to help Julie with some lifestyle modifications,including dietary changes,before she meets with the dietitian.
What should Julie do first in her attempt to reduce her risk of all types of cancer?

A)Consume five or more serving of fruits and vegetables daily
B)Add skim milk to her diet.
C)Eliminate red meat.
D)Continue to get three to four servings of refined grains per day.
E)Avoid grilling any food.

Question 56

Consuming three or more servings a day of _____ is related to a reduced risk of cancer.

A)fish
B)seafood
C)whole grains
D)nuts
E)alcohol

Question 57

About _____% of common forms of cancer are related to environmental factors.

A)​5-15
B)20-30
C)45-55
D)50-60
E)80-90

Question 58

Which vegetable is from the cruciferous family?

A)garlic
B)broccoli
C)onions
D)carrots
E)green peppers​

Question 59

Which supplement has been proven to be effective in reducing the risk of cancer development?

A)phytochemical extracts
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin C nuts
D)beta-carotene
E)Supplements have not been proven to effectively reduce the risk of cancer development.

Question 60

Julie has a family history of colon cancer.She would like to learn ways to reduce her risk of colon cancer and lower her overall risk of cancer.Julie has talked to her doctor about what she can do and is also meeting with a registered dietitian to learn more about specific lifestyle and nutrition modifications that she can make.Julie has a history of heavy drinking and consumes mostly processed foods,including refined grain products.The only vegetable she consumes is lettuce.On weekends she enjoys grilling meats on the barbeque grill.Answer the following questions to help Julie with some lifestyle modifications,including dietary changes,before she meets with the dietitian.
In addition to the lack of vegetables and fruits in her diet,Julie's diet also lacks _____,which can help reduce her cancer risk. a variety of vegetables and fruits

A)sugar
B)protein
C)a variety of vegetables and fruits
D)iron
E)calcium

Question 61

Describe the processes involved in the development of cancer.

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.gland located below the bladder in males
b.start of the cancer process
c.genetic material in cells that controls the body's production of proteins that regulate cell functions
d.group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and can spread throughout the body
e.period in cancer development when the number of cells with altered DNA increases
f.defects in genes that develop over time after conception due to exposure to various factors or that occur randomly during cell division
​cancer

Question 63

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.gland located below the bladder in males
b.start of the cancer process
c.genetic material in cells that controls the body's production of proteins that regulate cell functions
d.group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and can spread throughout the body
e.period in cancer development when the number of cells with altered DNA increases
f.defects in genes that develop over time after conception due to exposure to various factors or that occur randomly during cell division
​DNA

Question 64

​List the nine leading modifiable risk factors related to cancer development worldwide.

Question 65

Discuss the dietary and lifestyle patterns related to a reduced risk of cancer.

Question 66

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.gland located below the bladder in males
b.start of the cancer process
c.genetic material in cells that controls the body's production of proteins that regulate cell functions
d.group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and can spread throughout the body
e.period in cancer development when the number of cells with altered DNA increases
f.defects in genes that develop over time after conception due to exposure to various factors or that occur randomly during cell division
​acquired gene mutations

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.gland located below the bladder in males
b.start of the cancer process
c.genetic material in cells that controls the body's production of proteins that regulate cell functions
d.group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and can spread throughout the body
e.period in cancer development when the number of cells with altered DNA increases
f.defects in genes that develop over time after conception due to exposure to various factors or that occur randomly during cell division
​promotion phase

Question 68

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.gland located below the bladder in males
b.start of the cancer process
c.genetic material in cells that controls the body's production of proteins that regulate cell functions
d.group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and can spread throughout the body
e.period in cancer development when the number of cells with altered DNA increases
f.defects in genes that develop over time after conception due to exposure to various factors or that occur randomly during cell division
​initiation phase

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.gland located below the bladder in males
b.start of the cancer process
c.genetic material in cells that controls the body's production of proteins that regulate cell functions
d.group of diseases in which abnormal cells grow out of control and can spread throughout the body
e.period in cancer development when the number of cells with altered DNA increases
f.defects in genes that develop over time after conception due to exposure to various factors or that occur randomly during cell division
​prostate