Deck 24: Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Question 1

In 1994,Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When choosing a dietary supplement,choose vitamin and mineral supplements containing 100% of the Daily Value or less.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Structure/function claims on a supplement label can refer to treatment effects.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The FDA regulates claims for dietary supplements made in print and broadcast advertisements.

Question 5

The Supplement Facts panel must include a listing of ingredients.

Question 6

Vitamin and mineral supplements have been found to prevent hypertension but not heart disease.

Question 7

Multivitamin and mineral supplements can turn a poor dietary pattern into a healthful one.

Question 8

Dietary supplements must be tested for safety and effectiveness prior to being sold.

Question 9

A vitamin or mineral supplement may be beneficial when a deficiency exists.

Question 10

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should seek medical advice before taking an herbal remedy.​

Question 11

The USP logo on the product label of a supplement indicates that it effectively treats or prevents a particular disease.

Question 12

Some dietary supplements contain banned substances.

Question 13

Probiotics are considered dietary supplements.

Question 14

Dietary supplements are considered drugs.

Question 15

Dietary supplements are intended to prevent disease.

Question 16

Vitamin C,especially in high doses,can be harmful to certain groups of people.

Question 17

All plant-based substances,such as those found in herbal remedies,are safe.

Question 18

Herbal remedies have been used in traditional medicine in China and India for over 5,000 years.

Question 19

About half of U.S.adults use one or more of the dietary supplement products available on the market.

Question 20

Herbal products represent the most popular type of dietary supplement.

Question 21

Generally,it is safe to mix herbal remedies when using them.

Question 22

Miso soup is a source of prebiotics.

Question 23

A vegan may benefit from a _____ supplement.

A)vitamin B12
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin E
D)iron
E)​calcium

Question 24

Bifidobacteria helps prevent disease.

Question 25

Which dietary supplement lacks beneficial effects or has adverse side effects according to human studies with various herbal remedies?

A)ginseng
B)prebiotics
C)ginger
D)licorice root
E)vitamin K

Question 26

The USP logo on a supplement label indicates that the product _____.

A)meets standards for disintegration,purity,potency,and labeling
B)is safe for everyone to use
C)is effective
D)has been approved by the FTC
E)has been approved by the FDA

Question 27

Approximately how many dietary supplements have been adequately tested by the FDA?

A)0.3 %
B)1%
C)5%
D)7%
E)10%

Question 28

​Which herbal remedy may decrease blood clotting and interact with blood thinners?

A)​echinacea
B)garlic
C)ginkgo biloba
D)St.John's wort
E)​ginger

Question 29

What is a valid reason for consuming a vitamin or mineral supplement?

A)behavioral problems
B)diagnosed deficiency
C)sexual dysfunction
D)obesity
E)autism

Question 30

Who implemented an "Adverse Events Reporting System" website?

A)quackwatch.org
B)FTC
C)FDA
D)USDA
E)ChooseMyPlate.gov

Question 31

A person experiencing blood loss may benefit from _____ supplements.

A)zinc
B)magnesium
C)sodium
D)iron
E)potassium

Question 32

A safety concern of ginger is that it may cause gastrointestinal upset.

Question 33

It is unsafe for people who have an autoimmune disorder to use _____.

A)St.John's wort
B)garlic
C)ginkgo biloba
D)St.John's wort
E)ginger

Question 34

Which herbal remedy should only be used under medical supervision due to multiple interactions?

A)echinacea
B)garlic
C)ginkgo biloba
D)St.John's wort
E)ginger

Question 35

According to _____ regulations,dietary supplements must be labeled with a Supplemental Facts panel.

A)FTC
B)FDA
C)USDA
D)NIH
E)HHS

Question 36

Prebiotics,probiotics,and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by decreasing the _____.

A)symptoms and onset of urinary tract infections
B)incidence of heartburn
C)symptoms and onset of ear infections
D)duration of colds
E)immune functions of the colon

Question 37

Creatine is an example of a _____ supplement.

A)​vitamin
B)herb
C)protein and amino acid
D)fat
E)​prebiotic

Question 38

Which herbal remedy acts as an anticoagulant and should not be used by people with bleeding or seizure disorders?

A)echinacea
B)garlic
C)ginkgo biloba
D)St.John's wort
E)ginger

Question 39

Androstenedione is considered effective and safe according to human studies.

Question 40

The dosage of vitamin and mineral supplements can safely be exceeded.

Question 41

Alan is a 30-year-old man who has recently lost 30 pounds.He lost the excess weight by watching his diet and working out.He still would like to lose the last ten pounds he gained through his 20s,most of which is in his abdominal area.Recently,he has become frustrated because his weight loss has slowed down.He has seen advertisements on the Internet and in several fitness magazines for a weight-loss supplement called Acai Berry Plus.The product ads state that the powerful antioxidants in the supplement will melt away abdominal fat and remove waste from the body while he is sleeping.Alan is tempted to purchase the product in an attempt to quickly lose that last ten pounds.However,before he decides to purchase the Acai Berry Plus supplement,he learns that there are ingredients in the product he is unfamiliar with.The ingredients list declares the product contains ephedra,ginseng,coenzyme Q10,acai berry extract,chromium,potassium,caffeine,and wheat.
Which ingredient in the supplement has been found to be unsafe or ineffective according to human studies with various herbal remedies?

A)acai berry extract
B)ephedra
C)coenzyme Q10
D)caffeine
E)chromium

Question 42

Alan is a 30-year-old man who has recently lost 30 pounds.He lost the excess weight by watching his diet and working out.He still would like to lose the last ten pounds he gained through his 20s,most of which is in his abdominal area.Recently,he has become frustrated because his weight loss has slowed down.He has seen advertisements on the Internet and in several fitness magazines for a weight-loss supplement called Acai Berry Plus.The product ads state that the powerful antioxidants in the supplement will melt away abdominal fat and remove waste from the body while he is sleeping.Alan is tempted to purchase the product in an attempt to quickly lose that last ten pounds.However,before he decides to purchase the Acai Berry Plus supplement,he learns that there are ingredients in the product he is unfamiliar with.The ingredients list declares the product contains ephedra,ginseng,coenzyme Q10,acai berry extract,chromium,potassium,caffeine,and wheat.
Which ingredient in the acai berry supplement is a prebiotic?

A)coenzyme Q10
B)chromium
C)ephedra
D)wheat
E)potassium

Question 43

Dietary supplements _____.

A)are approved for use by the FDA
B)have accurate health claims
C)do not list side effects on product labels
D)are all tested for safety
E)are all tested for effectiveness

Question 44

Alan is a 30-year-old man who has recently lost 30 pounds.He lost the excess weight by watching his diet and working out.He still would like to lose the last ten pounds he gained through his 20s,most of which is in his abdominal area.Recently,he has become frustrated because his weight loss has slowed down.He has seen advertisements on the Internet and in several fitness magazines for a weight-loss supplement called Acai Berry Plus.The product ads state that the powerful antioxidants in the supplement will melt away abdominal fat and remove waste from the body while he is sleeping.Alan is tempted to purchase the product in an attempt to quickly lose that last ten pounds.However,before he decides to purchase the Acai Berry Plus supplement,he learns that there are ingredients in the product he is unfamiliar with.The ingredients list declares the product contains ephedra,ginseng,coenzyme Q10,acai berry extract,chromium,potassium,caffeine,and wheat.
Upon closer review of the supplement's packaging,Alan notices a claim on the label that says,"Improves circulation!" This is an example of a _____.

A)nutrition claim
B)health claim
C)structure/function claim
D)FDA disclaimer
E)medical claim

Question 45

Which food is a source of prebiotics?

A)buttermilk
B)rye
C)soy sauce
D)sauerkraut
E)cream cheese

Question 46

If a function claim is made on the label or package inserts,the label or insert must include the FDA disclaimer,which states that the _____.

A)validity of the claim is supported by an independent research organization
B)effectiveness of the product is supported by scientific research
C)purity and potency of the supplement are guaranteed
D)side effects are minimal
E)FDA does not support the claim

Question 47

Match each herbal remedy with the appropriate effectiveness.
a.may improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease
b.may diminish upper respiratory infection
c.may reduce motion sickness,nausea,and vomiting
d.may decrease blood pressure to a small extent
e.may relieve mild to moderate depression
​garlic

Question 48

Use of probiotics may cause _____.

A)ulcers
B)temporary gas and bloating
C)irregular heartbeats
D)hypertension
E)a temporary spike in insulin

Question 49

Match each herbal remedy with the appropriate effectiveness.
a.may improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease
b.may diminish upper respiratory infection
c.may reduce motion sickness,nausea,and vomiting
d.may decrease blood pressure to a small extent
e.may relieve mild to moderate depression
​ginger

Question 50

Which food is a source of probiotics?

A)cottage cheese
B)peanut butter
C)garlic
D)milk
E)cranberry juice

Question 51

What is the best advice for someone who consistently eats junk foods and processed foods,but insists that his diet is healthy because he takes a multivitamin and mineral supplement daily?

A)In addition to the daily vitamin and mineral supplement,he should take an herbal supplement.
B)His current dietary practices are adequate for health as long as he continues to supplement his diet.
C)The health quality of a dietary pattern is determined by more than its vitamin and mineral content.
D)In addition to his daily vitamin and mineral supplement,he should also increase his intake of protein.
E)As long as he exercises daily,his current dietary practices are adequate for health.

Question 52

Prebiotics,probiotics,and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by enhancing the absorption of certain _____.

A)essential fatty acids
B)vitamins
C)amino acids
D)glucose
E)minerals

Question 53

Match each herbal remedy with the appropriate effectiveness.
a.may improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease
b.may diminish upper respiratory infection
c.may reduce motion sickness,nausea,and vomiting
d.may decrease blood pressure to a small extent
e.may relieve mild to moderate depression
​echinacea

Question 54

Prebiotics,probiotics,and synbiotics have been found to benefit health by increasing the _____.

A)number of red blood cells in the body
B)health-promoting functions of phytochemicals in the body
C)strength of the cardiovascular system
D)absorption of certain vitamins
E)mass of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestines and colon

Question 55

Who may benefit from a vitamin K supplement?

A)athletes
B)women
C)people at risk of osteoporosis
D)vegans
E)newborns

Question 56

Individuals with impaired absorption processes may benefit from _____ supplements.

A)vitamin K
B)iron
C)vitamin C
D)calcium
E)vitamin B12

Question 57

​Which individual will most likely benefit from a dietary supplement?

A)Carlos,a college junior with a full course load who is active in his fraternity and trying to gain muscle mass
B)Renee,a 28-year-old woman who is pregnant and a semi-vegetarian
C)Sam,who is overweight by about 20 pounds and has been increasing his physical activity and decreasing his calorie intake
D)Pamela,a 48-year-old woman who is entering menopause and exercises regularly and eats a balanced diet
E)James,who lives in a rural area that does not have fluoridated water

Question 58

Which bacterium helps prevent disease through a variety of mechanisms?

A)Staphylococcus aureus
B)Listeria
C)E.coli 0157:H7
D)Lactobacillus
E)Salmonella

Question 59

The FDA largely relies on reports of ill effects from manufacturers,health professionals,and _____.

A)U.S.Pharmacopeia
B)other government agencies
C)university laboratories
D)consumers
E)independent laboratories

Question 60

What advice would you give a friend who is considering taking an herbal supplement?

A)"Many people assume that herbal remedies are safe because they are natural components of plants and have been used in traditional medicine for a long time,but not all plants are safe."
B)"Most health care professionals favor herbal supplements,so you should follow through with taking the supplement."
C)"Herbal supplements are all natural and have few side effects,and the claims made on supplement containers are likely to be true."
D)"The FDA evaluates the quality and effectiveness of herbal supplements so they are safe to take."
E)"It is okay to try herbal remedies before going to the doctor for certain conditions such as depression."

Question 61

Discuss six practical considerations related to the use of probiotics.​

Question 62

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon
b.also called botanicals
c.combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host
d.live microorganisms which resist digestion,and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains,confer health benefits to the host
e.any products intended to supplement the diet
​herbal remedies

Question 63

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon
b.also called botanicals
c.combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host
d.live microorganisms which resist digestion,and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains,confer health benefits to the host
e.any products intended to supplement the diet
​probiotics

Question 64

Discuss at least five considerations when choosing and using dietary supplements.​

Question 65

Match each herbal remedy with the appropriate effectiveness.
a.may improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease
b.may diminish upper respiratory infection
c.may reduce motion sickness,nausea,and vomiting
d.may decrease blood pressure to a small extent
e.may relieve mild to moderate depression
​ginkgo biloba

Question 66

List the five FDA regulations for dietary supplement labeling.​

Question 67

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon
b.also called botanicals
c.combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host
d.live microorganisms which resist digestion,and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains,confer health benefits to the host
e.any products intended to supplement the diet
​synbiotics

Question 68

Match each herbal remedy with the appropriate effectiveness.
a.may improve cognitive and social function in people with Alzheimer's disease
b.may diminish upper respiratory infection
c.may reduce motion sickness,nausea,and vomiting
d.may decrease blood pressure to a small extent
e.may relieve mild to moderate depression
​Saint John's wort

Question 69

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon
b.also called botanicals
c.combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host
d.live microorganisms which resist digestion,and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains,confer health benefits to the host
e.any products intended to supplement the diet
​dietary supplements

Question 70

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
a.non-digestible carbohydrates that serve as food for and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine and colon
b.also called botanicals
c.combinations of prebiotics and probiotics that interact in ways that generally benefit both and the health of the host
d.live microorganisms which resist digestion,and when administered in adequate amounts of appropriate strains,confer health benefits to the host
e.any products intended to supplement the diet
​prebiotics