Deck 12: Managing Organization Change and Innovation

Question 1

Force-field analysis is a technique that helps managers overcome resistance to change.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The replacement of manual quality-control records with a computerized system is an example of an OD intervention.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

No amount of foresight or awareness will totally eliminate the chances that reactive change may be necessary.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Change must be systematic and logical to have a realistic opportunity to succeed.

Question 5

As a change device, process consultation is concerned with organization technology and the associated processes.

Question 6

Power School is software that integrates scheduling, attendance, grades and homework assignments. It is an ERP.

Question 7

Organization development (OD) is the process of planned change and improvement of organizations through the application of knowledge of the behavioral sciences.

Question 8

Changing the enterprise resource planning system is an example of using organization structure and design as an organization change agent.

Question 9

One of the reasons people often resist change appears to be they have different perceptions of the need for change.

Question 10

Since change is so disruptive, it is uncommon for multiple organization change activities to be going on simultaneously.

Question 11

Force-field analysis is generally considered the most effective technique for reducing resistance to change.

Question 12

Successful OD is done usually when everyone perceives an urgent need for change, and they start with a new, clean slate.

Question 13

Anticipating change might prevent layoffs.

Question 14

One of the four most common reasons for resisting change is the need for new opportunities.

Question 15

Reengineering means changing only the structure and technology areas of an organization.

Question 16

Survey feedback results gathered in connection with organization development should be provided to top management only.

Question 17

The biggest cause of employee resistance to change is uncertainty.

Question 18

Lewin's model has operational specificity.

Question 19

eBay wanted to sell Skype. This represented an attempt to implement change through a change in structure and design.

Question 20

Change can involve virtually any aspect of an organization.

Question 21

Google launched Google+ for social networking. Google+ is a ____ change.

A) functional
B) planned
C) line management
D) reactive
E) hierarchical

Question 22

An intrapreneur is a top-level manager in a large organization who fights for the budget and uses the internal political system to ensure the success of an inventor's product.

Question 23

Given the diversity of activities encompassed by OD, it is surprising that managers report mixed results from various OD interventions.

Question 24

The Department of Energy changed appliance regulations to require dishwashers to use no more than 3.1 gallons of water per load.  Three years earlier, the appliance could use 6.5 gallons.  This force for change affects the ______ environment.

A) general
B) task
C) internal
D) natural
E) sociocultural

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a force in the task environment that requires an organization to change?

A) Competitors
B) Suppliers
C) Unions
D) Regulators
E) Technology

Question 26

Subaru added the XV model to its line of automobiles. This was

A) reactive change.
B) unfreezing.
C) planned change.
D) refreezing.
E) a change agent.

Question 27

The average age of Americans is  at its highest point ever.  Retail managers who wear gloves to simulate arthritis and then shop in their stores are using managerial innovation.

Question 28

Innovation is important because, without new products or services, every organization will fall behind its competition.

Question 29

Toyota added a plug in version of the Prius. This is an example of

A) organization development.
B) organization evolution.
C) organization change.
D) organization implementation.
E) organizational structure.

Question 30

Mobo Tap created Dolphin Browser to allow Apple users to more easily navigate in mobile devices. This is an example of ____ change.

A) functional
B) planned
C) operational
D) managerial
E) hierarchical

Question 31

Which of the following factors is an internal force for change?

A) Increases in the prime lending rate
B) Increased attempts by unions to organize new companies
C) A change in attitude of workers toward unannounced layoffs
D) The development of new technology that makes your factory obsolete
E) A foreign competitor introducing a product into the U.S. market that is similar, but less expensive, than yours

Question 32

The security market for mobile devices is expected to quadruple in five years. Anti-virus company Webroot is expanding its mobile device department. The forecasted market expansion is an example of

A) an external force for organization change.
B) a change in the general environment.
C) a change agent.
D) an internal force for organization change.
E) None of these choices

Question 33

Shopping cart manufacturers who develop carts that are more easily maneuvered by senior citizens are using process innovation.

Question 34

As ISIL was wreaking havoc in the Middle East, the Obama administration told the U.S. military to cut its strength by 8 percent.  This is an example of a(n) ____ change.

A) functional
B) planned
C) creative
D) reactive
E) innovation

Question 35

Innovation application is the stage at which an organization introduces new products or services to the marketplace.

Question 36

Hurricane Irene pummeled the pumpkin crop in the Northeast. Wholesalers reached out to growers in the Midwest and Canada when pumpkin prices in the Northeast more than doubled. Hurricane Irene created ____ change.

A) functional
B) planned
C) line management
D) reactive
E) hierarchical

Question 37

____ is defined as substantive modification of any part of an organization.

A) Organization development
B) Organizing
C) Organization change
D) Organization implementation
E) Organizational structure

Question 38

The idea that organization change may have effects extending beyond the area in which the change takes place relates to one of the integrative management theories presented earlier in the text. What is that theory

A) Systems theory
B) Contingency theory
C) Scientific management theory
D) Theory Z
E) Theory Y

Question 39

Facebook added a top-story function that highlights the most relevant posts from friends. This is an example of

A) reactive change.
B) planned change.
C) organizational development.
D) the innovation process in operation.
E) the influence of radical innovation.

Question 40

Sponsors are entrepreneurs who develop new businesses in the context of large organizations.

Question 41

Andrea had worked in the marketing department for 27 years. She knows the history and successes of the office better than any other employee. When change is suggested, she is reluctant because she remembers accomplishments related to the current way of doing things. As a result of ____, she is resistant to change.

A) uncertainty
B) a high level of risk propensity
C) threatened self-interests
D) different perceptions
E) feelings of loss

Question 42

During the Lewin model's second step in the change process

A) people resist change because of self-interests.
B) managers select a change technique.
C) the change is implemented.
D) those who adapt well to the change are rewarded.
E) the organization automates obsolete work practices.

Question 43

The CEO retired abruptly. Her replacement will not be announced until a thorough search is completed. In the meantime, managers are playing it safe. As a result of ____, the managers are resistant to change.

A) uncertainty
B) a high level of risk propensity
C) threatened self-interests
D) different perceptions
E) feelings of loss

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a reason employees resistant change?

A) Uncertainty
B) A high level of risk propensity
C) Threatened self-interests
D) Different perceptions
E) Feelings of loss

Question 45

Desiree is reluctant to take a promotion because it involves moving to an area about which she knows little. According to the text, the most likely reason for such employee resistance to change is

A) uncertainty.
B) threatened self-interests.
C) different perceptions.
D) feelings of loss.
E) facilitation.

Question 46

Once Mercedes-Benz decided it was going to move its headquarters, it wanted to find a site with lower business taxes, lower cost of living for employees, and better quality of life for employees.  Mercedes was at which step in the comprehensive organization change model?

A) Recognize the need for change
B) Set goals for change
C) Diagnose what brought on the need for change
D) Select a change technique
E) Evaluate the results

Question 47

____ is a method for overcoming resistance to organization change.

A) Centralization
B) Automation
C) Management by exception
D) Departmentalization
E) Force-field analysis

Question 48

Mercedes-Benz decided to move its headquarters out of New Jersey.  It was tired of the high business taxes, high cost of living, an old outdated headquarters facility, and terrible commutes for its employees.  Mercedes was at which step in the comprehensive approach to change?

A) Recognizing the need for change
B) Understanding how to implement change
C) Setting goals for change
D) Selecting a change technique
E) Planning change implementation

Question 49

A force-field analysis identifies

A) management potential in existing employees.
B) differing perceptions among future employees.
C) differing perceptions among managers regarding structural change.
D) factors that facilitate or hinder organization change.
E) the appropriate span of management for an organization.

Question 50

Countries in Western Europe spent years preparing their citizens for the introduction of the Euro currency.  That was part of the ____ stage in the Lewin model of organization change.

A) implementing
B) recognizing
C) unfreezing
D) transforming
E) refreezing

Question 51

Some Mercedes-Benz employees refused to move to Atlanta when the headquarters left New Jersey, because it meant moving away from extended family members and friends.  The employees were resistant to change because of

A) uncertainty.
B) a high level of risk propensity.
C) threatened self-interests.
D) different perceptions.
E) feelings of loss.

Question 52

Studies of the organization change process found that participation

A) reduces the need for communication.
B) encourages employees to adopt differing perceptions.
C) increases productivity and cooperation.
D) increases productivity but has no effect on cooperation.
E) leads to higher training costs.

Question 53

The mobile device security market is expected to quadruple in five years. Anti-virus company Webroot is expanding its mobile device department. This is an example of change in

A) social responsibility.
B) organization structure and design.
C) technology and operations.
D) people.
E) organization mission.

Question 54

Many cell phone users are reluctant to change platforms because they do not want to learn a new system. Marketers could overcome this resistance with

A) force-field analysis.
B) facilitation.
C) education and communication.
D) participation.
E) institutionalizing the change.

Question 55

Annie is excited to move from New York to Texas. She has not been happy in New York and sees Texas as a new start with great opportunities. She has used

A) force-field analysis.
B) facilitation.
C) education and communication.
D) participation.
E) institutionalizing the change.

Question 56

Which of the following statements describes a problem associated with the Lewin model of organization change?

A) It is too complicated for many people to comprehend.
B) It fails to highlight the importance of planning change.
C) It fails to communicate the value of change.
D) It does not deal with reinforcing change after it has been made.
E) It lacks operational specificity.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT one of the major areas in which organization change takes place?

A) Social responsibility
B) Organization structure and design
C) Technology and operations
D) People
E) All of these choices

Question 58

Employees who help in planning and implementing a change are better able to understand the reasons for the change. This is referred to as

A) force-field analysis.
B) facilitation.
C) education and communication.
D) participation.
E) institutionalizing the change.

Question 59

The process by which the manager identifies and then tries to eliminate as many of the negatives ⎯ factors that will make the job of change more difficult ⎯ as possible is called

A) facilitation.
B) implementation.
C) force-field analysis.
D) participative development.
E) communication and education.

Question 60

When a board of directors chooses an internal candidate for CEO it reduces resistance to change because employees already know more about the boss. This is a form of

A) participation.
B) force field analysis.
C) repetition.
D) education and communication.
E) facilitation.

Question 61

Organization change by means of change in technology and operations occurs when an organization

A) implements ERP.
B) changes managerial scope.
C) trains people to give them new skills and abilities.
D) redesigns jobs.
E) outsources nonessential functions.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a type of intervention or activity commonly used in organization development?

A) Third-party peacemaking
B) Coaching and counseling
C) Process consultation
D) Technostructural activities
E) External recruitment

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organization change produced as a result of changing people?

A) Changing skill levels
B) Installing a new incentive system
C) Changing organizational culture
D) Informing and educating the workforce
E) Trying to eliminate adversarial relationships

Question 64

Organization ____ is a planned effort that is organization-wide and managed from the top. It is intended to increase organizational effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's processes using behavioral science knowledge.

A) change
B) design
C) development
D) theory
E) behavior

Question 65

Motorola determined it could better service its customers by implementing a quality initiative called Six Sigma. Its first step in this process would be to

A) get top management support for the plan.
B) develop goals and a strategy for this reengineering.
C) create a sense of urgency among its employees.
D) optimize the availability of potentially necessary reengineering resources.
E) hire a change agent.

Question 66

Which of the following exemplifies a people change that would result in an organization change?

A) New CEO
B) Job redesign
C) Financial partnerships
D) Change in reporting relationships
E) Change from standard assembly line to autonomous work groups

Question 67

General Motors frequently asks its employees to measure such things as supervisor effectiveness. This is an OD technique known as ____.

A) surveys
B) team building
C) process consultation
D) diagnostic activities
E) third-party peacemaking

Question 68

Big Y, a supermarket chain, decided to remove self-service checkout lanes because they did not speed up the checkout process. This was an example of organization change through a change in

A) people.
B) technology and operations.
C) social responsibility.
D) culture.
E) structure and design.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is NOT a fundamental assumption of organization development?

A) Employees have strong social needs.
B) Management-employee cooperation/collaboration is needed.
C) Organization design affects individual and group behavior.
D) Employees normally take an adversarial stance with respect to the organization.
E) Employees have strong growth needs.

Question 70

The first step in the reengineering process involves

A) developing goals and a strategy for reengineering.
B) creating a sense of urgency.
C) recreating the organization.
D) using top management to play a major role in the effort.
E) unfreezing.

Question 71

The reengineering of an organization involves

A) business process change.
B) potential major gains in service capabilities.
C) changing all aspects of a business.
D) the expenditure of money and/or time.
E) All of these choices

Question 72

Which of the following is a type of intervention or activity commonly used in organization development?

A) Education
B) Survey feedback
C) Intergroup activities
D) Life and career planning
E) All of these choices

Question 73

The steps in the reengineering process do NOT involve

A) developing goals and a strategy for reengineering.
B) changing the attitudes of workers.
C) creating a sense of urgency.
D) recreating the organization.
E) using top management to play a major role in the effort.

Question 74

Reengineering is needed when an organization

A) recognizes entropy.
B) is dominant in its market.
C) is in the early stages of the business life cycle.
D) wants to improve employee morale.
E) wants to implement a diversity program.

Question 75

Hurricane Irene pummeled the pumpkin crop in the Northeast. Wholesalers reached out to growers in the Midwest and Canada as prices of pumpkins in the Northeast more than doubled. Hurricane Irene created change in the area of

A) people.
B) operations.
C) social responsibility.
D) culture.
E) organization structure and design.

Question 76

Many companies bring together managers from various divisions to have them participate in a weekend of team-building exercises. These exercises are intended to iron out problem areas and to encourage more company-wide communications. Such exercises are one of the interventions used in organization

A) development.
B) theory.
C) behavior.
D) evaluation.
E) structure.

Question 77

After the federal government stepped in to keep some businesses from failing, new attention was focused on executive compensation. Politicians, tax payers and news media called for change. This is an example of an organization change attempt focused on influencing

A) people.
B) technology.
C) operations.
D) structure.
E) social responsibility.

Question 78

Which of the following represents organization change by means of a change in people?

A) A change in the use of computers
B) Adopting a new main basis of departmentalization
C) Installing a new information system
D) Implementing a new performance appraisal system
E) Making decisions by team work

Question 79

Which of the following would be classified under the broad heading of organization change by means of technology and operations?

A) A company that makes battery-powered flashlights decides to replace the metal cases with lighter-weight plastic ones.
B) A manufacturer change replaces final inspections with periodic inspections.
C) An insurance company alters the process of logging and verifying claims.
D) A company consolidates its offices to take advantage of PC networking.
E) All of these choices

Question 80

The primary change required to convert to making pipe out of plastic rather than steel or copper is in the area of

A) information systems.
B) work process.
C) work sequences.
D) control systems.
E) enterprise resource planning.