Deck 31: Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

Question 1

Life expectancy for females generally exceeds that of males.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Dietary intake patterns that correspond to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are related to longer life expectancy.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Correcting obesity and stabilizing weight during the adult years tends to lengthen life expectancy.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Decreased stomach acidity reduces absorption of vitamin C.

Question 5

Life expectancy of individuals from families that are not long-lived can be extended most by diets and lifestyles that promote the maintenance of health.

Question 6

Studies have shown that adults who follow a low-calorie diet live longer.

Question 7

The proportion of people in the United States aged 65 years and older is steadily decreasing.

Question 8

A person can calculate exactly how long they are going to live by looking at how long their grandparents lived.

Question 9

Caucasian men generally have the longest life expectancy compared to other population groups.

Question 10

Today,less than 1 out of 100 newborns die in the first year of life.

Question 11

Diseases related to poor dietary patterns are most likely to express themselves during the adult years.

Question 12

The incidence of many diseases increases with age.

Question 13

The United States has the highest life expectancy in the world.​

Question 14

The causes of chronic diseases are all related to normal aging processes.

Question 15

People over the age of 65 years are more likely to live the longest if they have weights for height within the overweight BMI range of 26-29 kg/m2.

Question 16

Taste declines with age to the extent that it makes eating less pleasurable than before.

Question 17

Since 1900,life expectancy at birth has increased by over 50 years.

Question 18

There are more older adults in the United States than ever before,and the numbers are growing.​

Question 19

Before World War II,most of the gains in life expectancy in the United States were due to public health advances.

Question 20

Genetic factors do not appear to influence longevity.

Question 21

Basal metabolic rate generally increases with age.

Question 22

Diet plans generated at ChooseMyPlate.gov are based on age,sex,and weight but not physical activity level.

Question 23

Children of long-lived parents tend to live somewhat longer as a group than children whose parents had shorter life spans.This relationship strengthens as parents live beyond the age of _____.

A)65
B)70
C)75
D)80
E)​85

Question 24

Among adults and the elderly in the United States,average dietary intake of vitamins A,D,and E are below the recommended intake levels.

Question 25

Above average intake of vegetables,fruits,and _____ may delay the development or help prevent a number of types of cancer,heart disease,hypertension,and cataracts.

A)​whole-grain foods
B)dairy products
C)meats
D)seafood
E)alcohol

Question 26

The RDA for _____ is higher for adults over 70 compared to adults 19-50 years old.

A)folate
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin A
D)calcium
E)potassium

Question 27

Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease can affect the senses of taste and smell.

Question 28

Adequate _____ and engaging in regular physical activity during the adult years may help maintain muscle mass and strength.

A)​water
B)potassium
C)fiber
D)protein
E)polyunsaturated fat

Question 29

Reduction in calorie need with age increases the importance of energy-dense diets.

Question 30

Which group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?​

A)​Caucasian American men
B)Hispanic American men
C)Hispanic American women
D)Caucasian American women
E)​African American women

Question 31

Some species of animals fed low-calorie diets have increased life expectancies.

Question 32

Which group has the lowest life expectancy in the United States??​

A)​African American women
B)Hispanic American women
C)Hispanic American men
D)Caucasian American men
E)​African American women

Question 33

Isolation and loneliness do not appear to contribute to poor diets in older adults.

Question 34

Optimism and an active social life appear to enhance well-being and longevity.

Question 35

As an older adult,the production of _____ in the skin upon exposure to sunlight is less than at younger ages.

A)​calcium
B)sodium
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin E
E)vitamin D

Question 36

The RDA for _____ is lower for adults over 70 compared to adults 19-50 years old.

A)sodium
B)vitamin B6
C)zinc
D)vitamin B12
E)​vitamin E

Question 37

Taste usually declines more with age than other senses such as hearing.

Question 38

Adults should engage in _____ minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise or _____ minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week.

A)35; 50
B)50; 100
C)75; 150
D)90; 200
E)​105; 250

Question 39

Adults aged 20-65 years who tend to live the longest are _____ for height.

A)underweight
B)normal weight
C)overweight
D)obese
E)​extremely obese

Question 40

The RDA for vitamin C increases as we age.

Question 41

People who remain physically active into their older years _____ than people who are inactive.

A)​absorb calcium more
B)produce more vitamin D
C)maintain more muscle mass
D)maintain their sense of taste better
E)gain more body fat

Question 42

The average length of life of people of a given age or from birth is referred to as _____.

A)​chronological age
B)life expectancy
C)functional age
D)longevity
E)biological age

Question 43

Which factor appears to enhance well-being and longevity?

A)depression
B)loneliness
C)pessimism
D)isolation
E)a sense of humor

Question 44

Among adults and the elderly in the United States,average dietary intake of _____ is below the recommended intake levels.

A)​protein
B)vitamin B12
C)vitamin C
D)fiber
E)fat

Question 45

Among adults and the elderly in the United States,intakes of _____ is substantially higher than recommended.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin D
E)potassium

Question 46

People over the age of 65 years are more likely to live the longest if they have a BMI range of _____ kg/m2.

A)18-20
B)21-23
C)23-25
D)26-29
E)30-33

Question 47

Women need about _____ cups of water a day from fluid and foods.

A)7
B)9
C)11
D)13
E)15

Question 48

Decreased stomach acidity _____.

A)reduces calorie needs
B)reduces absorption of vitamin B12
C)increases absorption of fiber
D)increases absorption of calcium
E)​increases absorption of vitamin D

Question 49

Older adults are generally defined as individuals _____ or more years old.

A)50
B)55
C)60
D)65
E)70

Question 50

How does resistance training influence the health of older adults?

A)decreases total cholesterol only
B)increases muscle mass only
C)improves balance only
D)decreases total cholesterol and improves balance
E)increases muscle mass and improves balance

Question 51

Adults who do not adhere to a healthy dietary pattern tend to develop _____ earlier in life than adults follow a healthy dietary pattern.

A)hypertension
B)arthritis
C)hypoglycemia
D)dementia
E)​COPD

Question 52

Men generally have a _____ year shorter average life span than women.

A)1-2
B)2-4
C)4-6
D)6-8
E)8-9

Question 53

Intake of _____ tends to be low in females aged 19-50 years.

A)sodium
B)vitamin C
C)iron
D)phosphorous
E)zinc

Question 54

Diets that consist of foods recommended by ChooseMyPlate are _____.

A)nutrient dense and low in saturated fat
B)low in sodium
C)energy dense and low in fat
D)high in carbohydrates
E)​high in protein

Question 55

What is the RDA for calcium for adults over 70 years old?

A)600 mg
B)800 mg
C)1,000 mg
D)1,200 mg
E)​1,400 mg

Question 56

Which factor currently accounts for 80% of the increase in life expectancy of people aged 65 years and older?

A)​improved diet
B)improved housing
C)safe water
D)lower levels of stress
E)advances in medicine

Question 57

The senses of taste and smell are affected by _____.

A)​kidney function
B)medications such as antibiotics
C)medications such as painkillers
D)diabetes
E)diseases such as heart disease

Question 58

How many days per week should adults perform resistance exercises?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 59

By the year 2050,approximately _____% of the U.S.population will be 65 years of age or older.

A)10
B)20
C)30
D)40
E)​50

Question 60

Regular physical activity _____

A)increases muscle mass loss
B)decreases caloric needs
C)delays aging processes
D)increases the need for fiber
E)​increases the need for fat

Question 61

What is the RDA for vitamin D for adults over 70 years old?

A)15 mcg
B)20 mcg
C)30 mcg
D)35 mcg
E)40 mcg

Question 62

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone.Her husband,who is also 85,has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care.Ruth has routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself.Although she is in good health,she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration.Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden,but now with her husband in the retirement home she is getting less physical activity.
Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family.She has also never had to think about exercising because until recently,she had always led an active lifestyle.However,she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health.Answer the following questions to help Ruth get started on making adjustments to her lifestyle.
Ruth is worried about her husband's sodium intake.What is the RDA for sodium for someone his age?

A)​400 mg
B)600 mg
C)800 mg
D)1000 mg
E)1200 mg

Question 63

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone.Her husband,who is also 85,has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care.Ruth has routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself.Although she is in good health,she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration.Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden,but now with her husband in the retirement home she is getting less physical activity.
Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family.She has also never had to think about exercising because until recently,she had always led an active lifestyle.However,she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health.Answer the following questions to help Ruth get started on making adjustments to her lifestyle.
Ruth has allergies,which may affect her _____.

A)​vitamin D status
B)hydration status
C)sense of taste and smell
D)ability to absorb calcium properly
E)life expectancy

Question 64

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone.Her husband,who is also 85,has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care.Ruth has routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself.Although she is in good health,she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration.Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden,but now with her husband in the retirement home she is getting less physical activity.
Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family.She has also never had to think about exercising because until recently,she had always led an active lifestyle.However,she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health.Answer the following questions to help Ruth get started on making adjustments to her lifestyle.
Ruth is concerned she is not getting enough protein in her diet.What is the RDA for protein for someone her age?

A)​35 grams
B)46 grams
C)59 grams
D)64 grams
E)72 grams

Question 65

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone.Her husband,who is also 85,has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care.Ruth has routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself.Although she is in good health,she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration.Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden,but now with her husband in the retirement home she is getting less physical activity.
Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family.She has also never had to think about exercising because until recently,she had always led an active lifestyle.However,she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health.Answer the following questions to help Ruth get started on making adjustments to her lifestyle.
Which food will most likely help Ruth increase her intake of vitamin D?

A)fortified dairy products
B)vegetable oil
C)whole grains
D)lean meats and poultry
E)legumes

Question 66

Men need about _____ cups of water a day from fluid and foods.

A)7
B)9
C)11
D)13
E)15

Question 67

Describe the benefits of physical activity and the physical activity recommendations for adults.

Question 68

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone.Her husband,who is also 85,has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care.Ruth has routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself.Although she is in good health,she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration.Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden,but now with her husband in the retirement home she is getting less physical activity.
Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family.She has also never had to think about exercising because until recently,she had always led an active lifestyle.However,she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health.Answer the following questions to help Ruth get started on making adjustments to her lifestyle.
As an older adult,which nutrients does Ruth need more of based on the RDA recommendations? ​

A)zinc and iron
B)vitamin A and folic acid
C)vitamin C and vitamin E
D)sodium and protein
E)vitamin B6 and calcium

Question 69

​Discuss biological changes that occur during aging and the nutritional consequences.

Question 70

Ruth is an 85-year-old who is currently living alone.Her husband,who is also 85,has recently moved to a retirement facility where he receives supervised medical care.Ruth has routinely prepared their daily meals for the past 65 years and now finds herself eating very little because she does not feel like cooking for herself.Although she is in good health,she has been occasionally hospitalized the past few years for dizziness that turned out to be caused by dehydration.Ruth also used to make weekly trips to the supermarket and tend to the garden,but now with her husband in the retirement home she is getting less physical activity.
Ruth has never had to really think about her personal nutrition because she was used to providing balanced meals for her family.She has also never had to think about exercising because until recently,she had always led an active lifestyle.However,she now feels that she must make an effort to learn more about what she can do to maintain her health.Answer the following questions to help Ruth get started on making adjustments to her lifestyle.
Now that Ruth is more sedentary,which activity would most likely help her improve her fitness and health?

A)rocking in her chair for 20 minutes a day
B)gardening for 30 minutes six or seven times per week
C)driving to the supermarket and shopping for an hour once a week
D)socializing with others at the retirement home
E)purchasing a supplement to improve her energy level