Deck 12: The Life Cycle: Conception Through the Later Yearsspotlight: Addressing Weight Problems in Children and Adolescents

Question 1

The fiber recommendation for the older adult population is 7 to 14 grams per day.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants receive breastfeeding exclusively for the first 12 months.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

After the age of one, a child's growth rate slows up.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Adults age 65 years and older typically have lower quality diets compared to younger and middle-aged adults.

Question 5

In proportion to size, babies need more than twice as much of many nutrients when compared to adults.

Question 6

Alterations in taste and smell sensitivities may result in changes of food preferences during pregnancy.

Question 7

The prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia is higher in non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children compared to Mexican-American children.

Question 8

Breast milk contains powerful agents that protect against bacterial infection.

Question 9

The Institute of Medicine's Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention recommends making schools a national focus point for obesity.

Question 10

Childhood obesity and hypertension are linked to the development of atherosclerosis and heart disease in adulthood.

Question 11

The rates and patterns of growth in teens should be compared to their peers' growth to measure adequacy.

Question 12

Effective obesity interventions for children tend to include a decrease in the amount of "screen time".

Question 13

Low weight gain during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of having a low-birthweight baby.

Question 14

Television viewing has been shown to be a contributing factor in childhood obesity.

Question 15

During pregnancy, absorption of both calcium and iron decreases dramatically.

Question 16

A pregnant woman's nutrient needs are higher than usual, but her energy needs are not increased during the first trimester.

Question 17

Improved life expectancy has resulted from better prenatal and postnatal care and more effective means of combating disease in older adults.

Question 18

Schools participating in the National School Lunch and/or School Breakfast programs are required to develop a school wellness policy to promote a healthy lifestyle in their students.

Question 19

Cow's milk is considered to be a suitable form of nutrition after an infant is 1-year old.

Question 20

Most doctors recommend that pregnant women take a prenatal vitamin and mineral supplement every day in addition to eating a healthy diet.

Question 21

Older persons who have problems with the activities of daily living (ADL) are more likely to be at risk for malnutrition.

Question 22

The National School Lunch program is designed to follow the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and to provide at least ____ of the child's nutritional requirements for the day.

A) 1/ ₈
B) 1/ ₄
C) 1/ ₃
D) 1/ ₂
E) 2/ ₃

Question 23

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a tool used to measure how well people's diets meet the Dietary Guidelines for consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and other foods or nutrients.

Question 24

It is recommended that parents introduce new foods at the beginning of a meal when the child is hungry.

Question 25

A continued desire for new knowledge and new experiences is one of the characteristics associated with good physical and mental health in later years.

Question 26

The American Academy of Pediatrics has taken the position that women should stop drinking alcohol ____.

A) during the first trimester of pregnancy
B) when they first learn they are pregnant
C) throughout the entire pregnancy
D) as soon as they plan to become pregnant
E) when they begin taking birth control hormones

Question 27

To identify allergic reactions, foods should be introduced to an infant _______.

A) in combination with other foods
B) without any seasonings
C) pureed or blended
D) one at a time
E) after the 1st birthday

Question 28

A minimum of 4 ½ servings of fruits and vegetables daily is recommended for reducing the risk of chronic diseases and their complications.

Question 29

It is important to assess the intake of all the sources of nutrients to be sure that overall consumption meets or exceeds the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) of the Dietary Reference Intakes.

Question 30

Iron in the diet is present in the form of heme iron found in foods from animal sources, in nonheme iron found in some plant foods, and in foods that have been iron-enriched or fortified.

Question 31

A child who is overweight should be allowed as much food as desired since proper growth requires adequate nutrition.

Question 32

What is a primary indicator of an infant's future health status?

A) Mother's weight before pregnancy
B) Amount of weight gained by the mother during pregnancy
C) Mother's nutrition status prior to pregnancy
D) Birthweight of the infant
E) Mother's activity level during pregnancy

Question 33

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy ____.

A) can result in fetal alcohol syndrome
B) is extremely rare in the United States (1 infant in 1 million)
C) can be safe if only an occasional drink is consumed
D) is allowed after the second trimester only
E) can benefit the mother's blood lipid profile if limited to one drink per week

Question 34

Bathing, dressing, and feeding oneself are examples of activities of daily living self-care activities.

Question 35

Normal weight gain during pregnancy amounts to about _____ pounds for a woman who begins pregnancy underweight.

A) 11 to 20
B) 15 to 25
C) 25 to 35
D) 28 to 40
E) 40 to 45

Question 36

_______ is a secretion rich in antibodies that precedes the production of milk by the breast.

A) Casein
B) Alpha-actalbumin
C) Lactoferrin
D) Colostrum
E) Bifidus

Question 37

The placenta is the ____.

A) developing infant during its 2nd through 8th week after conception until birth
B) developing infant from the 8th week after conception until birth
C) muscular organ within which the infant develops before birth
D) infant from birth until her first birthday
E) organ from which the infant receives nourishment

Question 38

Which food added to an infant's diet would help prevent iron-deficiency anemia?

A) Orange juice
B) Enriched cereal
C) Bananas
D) Yellow fruits
E) Bread

Question 39

Most vitamin B ₁₂ deficiencies seen in older adults are due to inadequate intake.

Question 40

Which of the following is associated with bifidus factors?

A) Increased iron absorption
B) Increased "good" bacterial growth
C) Decreased allergy protection
D) Decreased hormone production
E) Impaired immune response

Question 41

Infants fed honey are at increased risk for

A) protein malnutrition.
B) botulism.
C) osteopenia.
D) type 1 diabetes.
E) lead poisoning.

Question 42

Skin becomes less able to synthesize ____ as aging progresses.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin K
D) vitamin B ₁₂
E) vitamin E

Question 43

How much physical activity is recommended for children

A) there is no recommendation
B) 15 to 30 minutes
C) 30 to 60 minutes
D) at least 60 minutes
E) at least 90 minutes

Question 44

The biological changes associated with aging ____.

A) occur at the same rate in all persons
B) occur in all, but the rate may be altered by nutrition and lifestyle
C) may be prevented by megadoses of vitamin E
D) occur at a faster rate in males than females
E) may be reversed by consuming large amounts of phytonutrients

Question 45

Overweight children are likely to ____.

A) overcome the problem and become normal-weight adults
B) become underweight adults with eating disorders
C) become overweight adults
D) have lower risk for chronic respiratory problems
E) develop healthful eating habits later in life

Question 46

What would be a normal body weight after 1 year for a healthy infant with a birthweight of 8 lb?

A) 12 lb
B) 16 lb
C) 24 lb
D) 30 lb
E) 36 lb

Question 47

How much additional protein do pregnant women need per day?

A) No more than their usual requirements
B) An additional 10 grams
C) The amount equivalent to the protein in two cups of milk
D) An additional 25 grams
E) Their protein needs double

Question 48

Which factors are primarily responsible for the rapid increases in overweight children and adolescents in recent years?

A) Genetic factors
B) Environmental and societal factors
C) Physical factors
D) Cognitive factors
E) Emotional factors

Question 49

Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?

A) Vitamin C and iron
B) Vitamin A and zinc
C) Vitamin B₁₂ and fluoride
D) Vitamin E and magnesium
E) Sodium and manganese

Question 50

Which of these types of foods is fortified with folate in order to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects?

A) Iodized salt
B) Maple syrup
C) Yogurt
D) Wheat bread
E) Orange juice

Question 51

Aging usually decrease one's need for ______.

A) calcium
B) vitamin B₆
C) vitamin C
D) energy
E) vitamin D

Question 52

__________ often predisposes a person to a sedentary life and may give rise to obesity.

A) Osteoarthritis
B) Dementia
C) Loss of teeth
D) Malabsorption
E) Cancer

Question 53

Supplements of _______ are not recommended for the elderly since absorption increases as we age.

A) niacin
B) vitamin B ₆
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin A
E) vitamin C

Question 54

In which way might dental disease lead to declines in a person's nutrition status?

A) It may alter the sense of taste and lead to increased consumption of empty calories.
B) It may lead to difficulty chewing and thus reduce food intake.
C) It may alter cognitive ability to choose foods wisely.
D) It may cause difficulties in regulating fluid balance, increasing water retention.
E) It may decrease energy output and lead to obesity.

Question 55

Sue is visiting her pregnant cousin Anna and notices that she is eating laundry starch and clay when watching TV at night. What is going on?

A) Anna is experiencing pica.
B) Anna is showing symptoms of high blood pressure.
C) Anna is probably diabetic.
D) Anna is constipated and this will alleviate the problem.
E) Anna is exhibiting behavior that may increase her risk for preeclampsia.

Question 56

Testing for gestational diabetes is usually done ______.

A) 16 to 20 weeks
B) 24 to 28 weeks
C) 26 to 30 weeks
D) 30 to 34 weeks
E) 36 to 40 weeks

Question 57

Which of these foods would enhance the absorption of iron?

A) Whole-grain pasta
B) Skim milk
C) Olive oil
D) Walnuts
E) Oranges

Question 58

The best way to be sure teenagers are growing normally is to ____.

A) compare their heights and weights to those of their peers
B) use standardized national growth charts
C) compare their heights and weights with previous measures taken
D) weigh and measure them weekly
E) compare their heights and weights with their parents, siblings, or other close relatives

Question 59

A woman who needs 2,000 calories daily to satisfy her energy needs can expect to consume _____ calories per day in the third trimester of her pregnancy.

A) 2,340
B) 2,450
C) 2,500
D) 3,050
E) 3,140

Question 60

Which of the following is the standard classification for a low-birthweight infant?

A) 3 ¹ / ₂ lb or less
B) 4 lb or less
C) 5 ¹ / ₂  lb or less
D) 6 ¹ / ₂ lb or less
E) 9 lb or less

Question 61

Which aspect of Bella's lifestyle should she probably consider changing in order to grow old healthfully?

A) She practices reactive health care, seeking assistance only when problems occur.
B) She does not smoke, and rarely drinks alcoholic beverages
C) She contributes part of her paycheck to a retirement account (401K)
D) She eats a balanced diet, including vegetables and nonfat dairy products
E) She attempts to solve the Sudoku and crossword puzzles in the daily newspaper

Question 62

Vignette #1 Maya and Bob have been married for 5 years, have graduated from college, and have decided to start a family. Maya's mother gives her a book, How to Have a Successful Pregnancy . Bob and Maya are eager to start reading the book and give their baby the best start in life possible. Let's see how much you already know by answering the following questions.
Which nutrient should Maya make sure she is consuming adequately prior to becoming pregnant to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

A) Vitamin D
B) Folate
C) Magnesium
D) Vitamin B₆
E) Vitamin E

Question 63

Vignette #2 Juan and Rosa are in their late 20s, and both have parents who are experiencing a loss of vitality. Juan's mom has a curved back, and Rosa's mother is obese. Juan's dad has developed depression and Rosa's father has macular degeneration. Juan and Rosa have many questions about how to avoid these conditions in their future if possible. Let's answer these questions to see if we can help them.
To reduce the risk of macular degeneration, Juan and Rosa should ____.

A) eat a diet rich in low-fat dairy, such as 1 percent milk
B) eat foods rich in antioxidants, such as cantaloupe
C) eat foods high in protein but low in saturated fat, such as salmon
D) choose foods high in vitamin B₁₂, such as steak
E) consume foods fortified with folate, such as breakfast cereals

Question 64

Just like adults, many children ____.

A) eat a diet low in meats and have a lifestyle high in activity
B) eat a diet high in fruits and high in meats
C) have a lifestyle low in activity and eat a diet high in dairy
D) eat a diet low in fruits and vegetables and have a lifestyle low in activity
E) eat a diet high in whole grains and high in vegetables

Question 65

What is gestational diabetes?

A) A severe form of type 1 diabetes in newborns.
B) Abnormal blood glucose tolerance during pregnancy.
C) Reactive hypoglycemia expressed during the third trimester of pregnancy.
D) A temporary loss of insulin secretion during the first trimester of pregnancy.
E) A complication of pre-existing diabetes that can occur during pregnancy.

Question 66

National surveys suggest that children and adolescents are the farthest from reaching the recommendations for ________.

A) starchy vegetables and leafy greens
B) dairy and refined grains
C) dairy and protein foods
D) fruits and dairy
E) green vegetables and legumes

Question 67

Breast milk contains ample amounts of vitamins except _____

A) vitamin D
B) riboflavin
C) niacin
D) pantothenic acid
E) thiamin

Question 68

Todd is a full-time student on a limited food budget who, fortunately, has access to a kitchen and likes to cook his own meals. He always buys vegetables and fruits that are in season in order to save money. During the fall, he chooses ____.

A) apples, pears, and acorn and butternut squash
B) berries, peaches, zucchini, and melons
C) asparagus, green beans, sweet peas, and rhubarb
D) oranges, grapefruits, sweet potatoes, rutabagas, and greens
E) radishes, apples, berries, and asparagus

Question 69

Vignette #1 Maya and Bob have been married for 5 years, have graduated from college, and have decided to start a family. Maya's mother gives her a book, How to Have a Successful Pregnancy . Bob and Maya are eager to start reading the book and give their baby the best start in life possible. Let's see how much you already know by answering the following questions.
Maya takes Accutane (isotretinoin) for acne and hopes to continue using it during her pregnancy. What advice would you give her?

A) Stop taking it immediately as it causes major birth defects, and consult your doctor.
B) Continue taking it as it won't affect the outcome of the pregnancy.
C) Take half the usual dose and stay out of direct sunlight.
D) Stop taking it until after the first trimester; then it is safe to resume again.
E) Replace the Accutane with an herbal product since this would be a safe, natural alternative.

Question 70

More than 70 percent of all older adults can be expected to have ____.

A) cancer
B) hypertension
C) diabetes
D) arthritis
E) heart disease

Question 71

When boys and girls are compared, why do girls typically have iron intakes below the current recommendation?

A) Because girls consume fewer total calories than boys
B) Because girls drink more milk than boys
C) Because girls eat more meat than boys
D) Because girls eat more vegetables than boys
E) Because girls eat more empty-calorie snacks than boys

Question 72

Vignette #2 Juan and Rosa are in their late 20s, and both have parents who are experiencing a loss of vitality. Juan's mom has a curved back, and Rosa's mother is obese. Juan's dad has developed depression and Rosa's father has macular degeneration. Juan and Rosa have many questions about how to avoid these conditions in their future if possible. Let's answer these questions to see if we can help them.
Which statement accurately describes the energy requirements of older adults like Juan's and Rosa's parents?

A) Since absorption of all nutrients decreases as aging occurs, it is necessary to increase calorie intake.
B) The recommended energy allowance decreases as we age due to lowered basal metabolic rates.
C) The recommended calorie intake increases until age 35 and then remains constant for the remaining years.
D) The recommended calorie intake increases for men only but remains constant for women after age 35.
E) Even when nutritional meals are consumed regularly, a high-potency multivitamin-mineral supplement is highly advised to support increased energy levels.

Question 73

Which of the following is a nutrient-related health issue that is often seen during adolescent years?

A) A peanut allergy
B) Calcium deposits in soft tissues
C) Anorexia nervosa
D) Pica
E) Protein-deficiency

Question 74

Vignette #1 Maya and Bob have been married for 5 years, have graduated from college, and have decided to start a family. Maya's mother gives her a book, How to Have a Successful Pregnancy . Bob and Maya are eager to start reading the book and give their baby the best start in life possible. Let's see how much you already know by answering the following questions.
During one of Maya's prenatal appointments, the doctor tells her that her blood pressure is elevated. She tells Maya that some of the symptoms she is experiencing are indications that she may be developing preeclampsia. What else does Maya's doctor tell her about this condition?

A) Symptoms may include nausea upon getting up in the morning.
B) Excess protein in the urine is detected.
C) Sudden weight loss (1 lb/day) occurs.
D) High blood sugar is revealed by blood tests.
E) Occasional headaches occur with this condition.

Question 75

Vignette #1 Maya and Bob have been married for 5 years, have graduated from college, and have decided to start a family. Maya's mother gives her a book, How to Have a Successful Pregnancy . Bob and Maya are eager to start reading the book and give their baby the best start in life possible. Let's see how much you already know by answering the following questions.
Finally, Maya is pregnant, but she and Bob decide to wait until the 14th week of gestation before telling family and friends. What stage of pregnancy is Maya in?

A) Fetal state
B) Postnatal
C) 1st trimester
D) Critical period
E) 2nd trimester

Question 76

What is the life expectancy in the United States?

A) 72 (males), 78 years (females)
B) 76 (males), 81 years (females)
C) 78 (males), 76 years (females)
D) 78 (males), 89 years (females)
E) 90 (males), 72 years (females)

Question 77

Vignette #1 Maya and Bob have been married for 5 years, have graduated from college, and have decided to start a family. Maya's mother gives her a book, How to Have a Successful Pregnancy . Bob and Maya are eager to start reading the book and give their baby the best start in life possible. Let's see how much you already know by answering the following questions.
Maya's BMI is 23.8. Assuming her weight remains the same, how much weight should she gain for a healthy pregnancy?

A) 11 to 20 pounds
B) 15 to 25 pounds
C) 20 to 30 pounds
D) 25 to 35 pounds
E) 28 to 45 pounds

Question 78

To promote breastfeeding, every maternity facility should ____.

A) give pacifiers to the babies when they cry
B) help the mother start breastfeeding within one-half hour of birth
C) give newborns infant formula to supplement breast milk
D) keep healthy newborns in a nursery separate from the mother's room so the mother can rest between feedings
E) help the mother and newborn develop a normal routine with established feeding times

Question 79

Vignette #1 Maya and Bob have been married for 5 years, have graduated from college, and have decided to start a family. Maya's mother gives her a book, How to Have a Successful Pregnancy . Bob and Maya are eager to start reading the book and give their baby the best start in life possible. Let's see how much you already know by answering the following questions.
Bob is concerned about Maya and urges her to start eating more food, especially high-fat foods. Which recommendation about weight gain during pregnancy is correct?

A) It is important that Maya begin to eat about 250 extra calories each day.
B) It is important that Maya double her protein intake during the first trimester.
C) Maya does not need additional calories until the second and third trimesters.
D) Maya should take a vitamin A supplement during the first trimester.
E) Maya should increase her calories to account for the greatly increased energy demands during pregnancy.

Question 80

Vignette #2 Juan and Rosa are in their late 20s, and both have parents who are experiencing a loss of vitality. Juan's mom has a curved back, and Rosa's mother is obese. Juan's dad has developed depression and Rosa's father has macular degeneration. Juan and Rosa have many questions about how to avoid these conditions in their future if possible. Let's answer these questions to see if we can help them.
Which recommendation should be disregarded by Juan and Rosa in their efforts to offset bone loss that typically occurs with aging?

A) Take calcium supplements.
B) Substitute fat-free milk for soft drinks and choose non-fat yogurt as a snack.
C) Purchase calcium-fortified orange juice.
D) Take a vitamin A supplement once each day.
E) Take a daily walk and participate in a weekly weight-training class.