Deck 9: Impact of Fluids and Beverages on Nutritional Healthspotlight: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

Soft water contains a higher concentration of sodium than hard water.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Bottled water is pure and free from contaminants.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Bottled water typically contains adequate amounts of fluoride to prevent cavities.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The more colorful a juice is, the more nutritious the juice usually is.

Question 5

Examples of standard servings are a 5-ounce glass of wine, a 12-fl oz beer, and 1 ½ fl oz of an 8-proof distilled liquor.

Question 6

Heavy alcohol use, especially when combined with smoking, appears to increase the risk of throat and neck cancers.

Question 7

Native Americans have lower rates of liver damage due to alcohol consumption than other ethnic groups.

Question 8

It is all right for pregnant women to have beer, but not to consume hard liquor such as scotch or vodka.

Question 9

Many studies have shown a positive correlation between moderate alcohol consumption and decreasing incidence of heart disease.

Question 10

Physiologically, alcohol is a stimulant.

Question 11

Because alcohol supplies four kilocalories per gram, it is considered a nutrient.

Question 12

Most caffeine in the United States is consumed in carbonated soft drinks.

Question 13

Cryptosporidium is a parasite in water that is highly resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants.

Question 14

Orange juice is the most nutrient-dense juice consumed in the United States.

Question 15

Energy drinks, such as Red Bull, are not permitted to contain herbs.

Question 16

The concentrations of calcium, sodium, and magnesium are what distinguish hard versus soft water.

Question 17

Pancreatitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis are all common consequences of heavy drinking.

Question 18

The nutritional composition of milk is very similar across mammal species.

Question 19

Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable.

Question 20

Dark chocolate, in moderation, may positively influence cardiovascular health.

Question 21

The _________ in cow's milk makes it an unsuitable alternative to human milk for infants.

A) lactose
B) calcium
C) protein
D) iron
E) lipids

Question 22

Changes in metabolism only occur in those who consume excessive alcohol.

Question 23

Which statement concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight is correct?

A) The woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man.
B) The man has lower estrogen levels leading to higher rates for metabolizing alcohol than the woman.
C) The woman's body composition with more water than the man helps metabolize alcohol more quickly.
D) They have equal alcohol metabolizing abilities.
E) The differences in alcohol metabolism between men and women are not yet known.

Question 24

Even when consumed in moderate amounts, alcohol may still increase the risk of ____ in women.

A) cardiovascular disease
B) diverticulitis
C) hypertension
D) breast cancer
E) hyperlipidemia

Question 25

The liver can metabolize _____ ounce(s) of alcohol per hour.

A) 0.1
B) 0.25
C) 0.5
D) 1.0
E) 2.0

Question 26

Which of the following is a correct statement about enhanced water?

A) Research has demonstrated that water supplemented with antioxidants is associated with disease prevention.
B) Herbs are added to enhanced waters in safe, therapeutic amounts.
C) The fiber in enhanced waters is maltodextrin which helps in preventing constipation.
D) Enhanced waters with caffeine only contain a small percentage of the caffeine found in a small cup of coffee.
E) Most enhanced water beverages are not any healthier than other beverages with added sugar.

Question 27

_______ is drawn from an underground source and contains at least 250 parts per million of dissolved solids.

A) Well water
B) Spring water
C) Effervescent water
D) Distilled water
E) Mineral water

Question 28

Milk chocolate is thought to positively influence cardiovascular health more than dark chocolate.

Question 29

______ mediates the conversion of alcohol to _____.

A) Acetaldehyde; hydrogen peroxide
B) Hydrochloric acid; alcohol dehydrogenase
C) Alcohol dehydrogenase; acetaldehyde
D) Acetaldehyde; bile
E) Hydrogen peroxide; acetaldehyde

Question 30

Tea is rich in phytochemicals, antioxidants, and caffeine.

Question 31

Apple juice, consumed daily, may protect against urinary tract infections.

Question 32

Which statement is not correct about milk consumption?

A) Lower dairy intake is associated with higher amounts of body fat.
B) Adolescent milk intake is half of what it used to be in the 1970s.
C) Milk consumption has steadily risen since 1970.
D) Higher intakes of milk are associated with modest benefits facilitating weight reduction.
E) Some milk displacement has been caused by nondairy milks.

Question 33

The largest percentage of a person's water output leaves the body through ____.

A) feces
B) the skin as perspiration
C) the lungs as breath exhaled
D) the kidneys as urine
E) the scalp and hair

Question 34

Five grams of alcohol supplies ____ calories.

A) 0
B) 20
C) 25
D) 35
E) 45

Question 35

Pink and white grapefruit juice contain equal amounts and types of phytochemicals.

Question 36

The absorption and metabolism of alcohol is unaffected by ____.

A) gender
B) ethnicity
C) the presence of food in the stomach
D) the type of ethyl alcohol drink
E) body composition

Question 37

Which of the following can occur as a result of drinking alcohol excessively on a regular basis?

A) Protein synthesis may be accelerated.
B) Stomach ulcers may develop.
C) Intestinal absorption of thiamin and folate increases.
D) Kidney excretion of calcium and magnesium declines.
E) Red blood cell production increases.

Question 38

Drinking alcohol at a rate of one drink per hour allows the liver adequate time to metabolize the alcohol completely.

Question 39

When alcohol is consumed, it is mostly absorbed through the ____ and metabolized in the _______.

A) stomach; pancreas
B) esophagus; stomach
C) stomach; liver
D) small intestine; liver
E) large intestine; pancreas

Question 40

What type of packaging will retain the nutrients in orange juice best?

A) A gable-top carton
B) An opaque container
C) A plastic jug
D) A glass bottle
E) A frozen concentrate

Question 41

______ is an inflammation of the liver.

A) Cirrhosis
B) Pancreatitis
C) Alcoholic hepatitis
D) Gastritis
E) Fatty liver

Question 42

Which of the following is a correct statement about soda consumption?

A) The term "soft drink" refers to a cold, carbonated sweetened with sugar.
B) There are no indisputable positive health benefits from soda consumption.
C) Soft drink consumption is associated with higher energy and nutrient intakes.
D) Risk of type 2 diabetes increases if three or more soft drinks are consumed daily.
E) Soft drink consumption has little effect on water, juice, and milk consumption,

Question 43

What water contaminant can cause neurologic damage in children?

A) Cryptosporidium
B) Iron
C) Lead
D) Mercury
E) Nitrates

Question 44

__________ is thought to be the main factor contributing to a hangover.

A) The large amount of fluid consumed
B) The lack of food consumed during the day
C) The altered activity in the cortex of the brain
D) The rise in blood pressure after drinking alcohol
E) The dehydration from the alcohol consumed

Question 45

Since a woman will absorb more alcohol into her blood than a man of the same weight, _____ drink(s) for a woman could have the same effect as _____ drink(s) for a man.

A) One; ½ of a drink
B) two; one
C) one; two
D) one; three
E) three; one

Question 46

Tomas is at a fraternity party and his friends are drinking beer and also smoking marijuana. What interaction would this combination have?

A) It may prevent vomiting, increasing the risk of alcohol poisoning.
B) It may increase the sedative effect, causing drowsiness.
C) It may increase dizziness and lead to fainting.
D) It may increase stomach bleeding and inhibit blood clotting.
E) It may slow the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream.

Question 47

_______ refers to the body's increased efficiency of removing high levels of alcohol from the blood due to long-term exposure.

A) Metabolic tolerance
B) Apparent tolerance
C) Functional tolerance
D) Filtration tolerance
E) Saturation tolerance

Question 48

Acetaldehyde affects production of red blood cells by destroying vitamin ____.

A) B12
B) C
C) D
D) B6
E) E

Question 49

________ is an actual change in sensitivity to a drug.

A) Metabolic tolerance
B) Apparent tolerance
C) Functional tolerance
D) Saturation tolerance
E) Assimilation tolerance

Question 50

____________ is a parasite that can contaminate water that is not sensitive to chlorine and is a potential threat to people with weakened immune systems.

A) Escherichia coli
B) Cryptosporidium
C) Salmonella
D) Shigella
E) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 51

Which is not a health benefit associated with moderate coffee consumption?

A) Reduced risk of alcohol-related cirrhosis
B) Reduced risk of stroke
C) Protection from inflammatory diseases
D) Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
E) Reduced risk of obesity

Question 52

How much alcohol consumption has been proven to be safe during pregnancy?

A) No amount of alcohol has been proven to be safe.
B) One glass of wine or beer per day has been proven to be harmless.
C) Two glasses of wine or beers per day have been proven to be harmless.
D) Three glasses of wine per week have been proven to be harmless.
E) No studies have been done regarding alcohol and pregnancy.

Question 53

The combination of alcohol with _______ may lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure.

A) antibiotics
B) marijuana
C) oral contraceptives
D) antidepressants
E) ecstasy

Question 54

Which meal eaten with an alcoholic beverage would most likely slow down the rate at which the alcohol is absorbed?

A) chicken noodle soup
B) fresh fruit salad
C) turkey sandwich on white bread
D) pepperoni pizza
E) salad topped with grilled chicken

Question 55

The _____is the arm of the U.S. government responsible for monitoring municipal water supplies.

A) USDA
B) FDA
C) EPA
D) OSHA
E) NIH

Question 56

Consuming over three cups of coffee each daily may actually increase risk of cardiovascular disease for individuals who have _______.

A) Type 2 diabetes
B) a high pulse rate
C) uncontrolled hypertension
D) cancer
E) dementia

Question 57

Long-term exposure to alcohol increases levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. What does this mean?

A) The person must drink more alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
B) The person can drink less alcohol than before to experience comparable effects.
C) The person is less likely to become addicted.
D) The person is more likely to have a hangover.
E) The person will experience the effects of alcohol for longer periods.

Question 58

The legal limit defining intoxication for the driver of a car is a blood alcohol content (BAC) of ____ or higher.

A) 0.03
B) 0.08
C) 0.1
D) 0.14
E) 0.15

Question 59

Maria is overweight and wants to lose 10 pounds. She is at a party and is deciding what to order at the bar. Which beverage has the fewest calories when mixed with liquor?

A) Eight ounces fruit juice
B) Eight ounces cola
C) Eight ounces club soda
D) Five ounces red wine
E) Six ounces ginger ale

Question 60

Consuming an apple instead of an equivalent amount of apple juice is a more nutrient dense choice because of the apple's ______.

A) vitamin C
B) fiber
C) antioxidants
D) phytochemicals
E) potassium

Question 61

Which statement about energy drinks is correct?

A) They are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
B) Using them during exercise may cause light-headedness and nausea.
C) Each drink contains only one type of stimulant to boost energy.
D) They help retain fluids.
E) They have been scientifically proven safe and effective.

Question 62

Pamela asks Theodore what an energy drink is, and he correctly explains, ____.

A) "It's a beverage with the right mixture of ingredients to maximize athletic performance."
B) "It is a nonalcoholic beverage with extra caffeine, and sometimes other stimulants."
C) "It is a beverage you can drink in place of a multinutrient supplement for good health."
D) "It is a kind of soft drink that you can drink to cure a hangover or study better."
E) "It is a fruit-juice beverage with added antioxidants for optimal physical performance."

Question 63

If Norma expends 2,000 calories per day to maintain her weight, about how much total fluid does she need?

A) 500 to 1,000 mL
B) 1,500 to 2,000 mL
C) 1,000 to 1,500 mL
D) 2,000 to 3,000 mL
E) at least 4,000 mL

Question 64

The health benefits of tea appear to be dose-dependent meaning that __________.

A) drinking more tea provides the greatest effect
B) drinking tea in moderation provides the greatest effect
C) there are different consumption recommendations for males and females
D) consumption should be limited to one cup per day
E) tea should not be consumed if alcohol has been consumed

Question 65

Regular soft drinks are ____.

A) known to be harmless
B) known to cause low blood pressure
C) low in calories
D) low in nutrient density
E) beneficial in meeting energy needs

Question 66

Consumption of _____ is associated with a decrease in the plaque formation associated with Alzheimer's disease.

A) coffee
B) hot cocoa
C) tea
D) water
E) decaffeinated soda

Question 67

Mark visited a local café near work and was debating what to order. He was trying to cut down on caffeine but knew that in addition to coffee, soft drinks and tea also have caffeine in them. Which choice would provide the least caffeine for Mark?

A) Twelve-ounce can of Mountain Dew soft drink
B) Eight-ounce cup of black tea, steeped for 3 minutes
C) Eight-ounce cup of instant coffee
D) Two-ounce cup of espresso
E) Eight-ounce cup of hot chocolate

Question 68

Which statement about bottled water is correct?

A) All bottled waters contain fluoride to prevent tooth decay.
B) Its mineral content can be determined by checking with the bottling company.
C) It meets higher standards than tap water.
D) It is better than tap water from a health standpoint.
E) MyPlate guidelines favor fruit drinks over bottled water.

Question 69

Which 8-ounce beverage has the lowest caffeine content?

A) Chocolate milk
B) Cola beverage
C) Brewed coffee
D) Brewed tea
E) Iced tea

Question 70

Vignette #1 Robert and Chris have been at a local bar near their dormitory for 1 hour. Chris has had three beers already and Robert tells him to slow down because too much alcohol can cause death. Chris says this is not true since you just go to sleep when you drink too much. Chris also says that since he is allowed two drinks a day on average, he decided to save them up for the weekend. Robert is beginning to suspect that Chris might have a drinking problem. Let's see if you know more than Chris does concerning alcohol by answering these questions.
Robert asks Chris to list the stages of alcohol addiction put forth by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). What is the correct sequence of the scale?

A) Misuse, use, dependency/addiction, and abuse
B) Abuse, use, misuse, and dependency/addiction
C) Use, abuse, misuse, and dependency/addiction
D) Use, misuse, abuse, and dependency/addiction
E) Dependency/addiction, misuse, use, and abuse

Question 71

_______ in coffee are thought to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes in regular coffee drinkers.

A) Antioxidants
B) Vitamins
C) Minerals
D) Caffeine
E) Herbs

Question 72

Citrus juices are high in ____ and low in ____.

A) folate; sodium
B) vitamin C; potassium
C) phytochemicals; folate
D) potassium; flavonoids
E) lycopene; folate

Question 73

What effect does blockage of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body when consuming alcohol?

A) Urine output is decreased
B) The kidneys conserve fluid
C) Urine output is increased
D) The effects of alcohol are increased
E) Lower alcohol hydrogenase activity

Question 74

Fetal alcohol syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of ____ in the United States.

A) low infant birth weight
B) preventable intellectual disability
C) growth failure
D) liver cirrhosis
E) preventable osteoporosis

Question 75

__________ cup(s) of coffee a day are associated with health benefits and little indication of health risks.

A) One-half to one
B) One to two
C) Two to three
D) Three to four
E) No amount of coffee is really healthy

Question 76

The herb _____ is often found in energy drinks and is chemically equivalent to caffeine.

A) glutamic acid
B) ginkgo biloba
C) yohimbe
D) guarana
E) HFCS

Question 77

Which statement accurately describes a downside to vegetable juices?

A) They are nutrient dense.
B) They count toward the MyPlate recommended quantity.
C) They contain antioxidants.
D) They contain phytochemicals.
E) They contain salt.

Question 78

Which nutrient is not supplied by drinking a glass of milk?

A) Riboflavin
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Protein
E) Potassium

Question 79

Jill has decided to stop drinking coffee. What should be her initial approach to help avoid headaches and fatigue?

A) Stop drinking cold turkey.
B) Replace two of three cups per day with a sport drink.
C) Replace two of three cups per day with an energy drink.
D) Take B vitamins and vitamin C daily.
E) Replace a small amount of regular- with decaffeinated-coffee grounds

Question 80

Caffeine consumption is known to cause _________.

A) heart disease
B) birth defects
C) cancer
D) high blood pressure
E) jitteriness