Deck 33: Aspects of Global Nutrition

Question 1

Children who are deficient in vitamin C are more likely to die from a measles infection than children whose vitamin status is sufficient.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Today,the United Nations classifies countries as industrialized,developing,and least developed based on economic factors only.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The devastating psychological effects of starvation may follow children into adulthood and have a lasting effect on behavior throughout life.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Food supplements given to groups of infants in certain countries such as Russia were associated with higher IQ scores at age 8.

Question 5

In populations undergoing the nutrition transition rates of underweight decline but rates of obesity increase.

Question 6

Rates of undernutrition,short stature,and infectious disease are decreasing worldwide.

Question 7

Approximately 60% of people worldwide have access to safe water supplies.

Question 8

The world's agricultural systems do not have the capacity to produce enough food to feed everyone on earth.

Question 9

The relationship between malnutrition and infection is weak.

Question 10

Countries with a medium human development score have life expectancy of 80.2 years.

Question 11

In some societies,women and female children are at particular risk for malnutrition because cultural practices call for food to be allocated to men and boys first.

Question 12

Changes in nutrition-related indicators and health status that accompany the various phases of the nutrition transition occur largely due to economic development and modifications in the food supply.

Question 13

In 2014,25% of adults worldwide were obese.

Question 14

On average,individuals in countries with high human development scores have a short life expectancy.

Question 15

Breastmilk protects infants from a variety of infectious diseases.

Question 16

As human development advances,the age of the population generally increases.

Question 17

People who are well nourished are more likely to be productive members of society.

Question 18

Most cases of mass famine are primarily due to the ravages of nature.

Question 19

Iodization of salt has eliminated iodine deficiency in Ecuador.

Question 20

Malnutrition in the form of undernutrition that occurs before a child's brain has completely grown has lasting effects on development.

Question 21

Which factor is a key indicator of the general state of the health of a population?

A)rates of breastfeeding
B)IQ scores in children
C)iron status
D) fruit and vegetable intake
E)rates of alcohol abuse

Question 22

HIV infection progresses more slowly into AIDS in malnourished individuals.

Question 23

Approximately half of young children and pregnant women in the world are calcium deficient.

Question 24

Children with marasmus may appear fat due to massive swelling.

Question 25

Children with severe malnutrition are at high risk of dying from _____.

A)diabetes
B)infectious diseases
C)scurvy
D) xerophthalmia
E)cancer

Question 26

Children born to poorly nourished women in countries with low levels of human development may be biologically programmed in the womb to conserve _____.

A)glycogen
B)calcium
C)energy
D) sodium
E)water

Question 27

When the percentage of low birthweight newborns is high in a country undernutrition is generally common.

Question 28

The cause of kwashiorkor is unclear.

Question 29

What percentage of infants are born with low birthweights worldwide?

A)13%
B)17%
C)21%
D) 25%
E)29%

Question 30

Education is a factor in the human development index.

Question 31

A change in a population's diet from traditional food to calorie-dense foods is referred to as the _____.

A)health evolution
B)Western transition
C)nutrition transition
D) health advancement
E)food progression

Question 32

Most deaths of children under the age of 5 in countries with low levels of human development are related to poor sanitary conditions.

Question 33

On average,individuals in countries with low human development scores have a life expectancy of approximately _____ years.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D) 60
E)70

Question 34

Excess accumulation of fat places children at increased risk for diabetes later in life.

Question 35

Young children with _____ appear to be genetically susceptible to developing faulty protein utilization mechanisms when chronically exposed to protein and calorie shortages.

A)marasmus
B)kwashiorkor
C)iron deficiency
D) vitamin A deficiency
E)iodine deficiency

Question 36

There are more countries with a low human development score than those with a high human development score.

Question 37

On average,individuals in countries with high human development scores live for over _____ years.​

A)​40
B)50
C)60
D) ​70
E)​80

Question 38

The United States has the highest human development score worldwide.

Question 39

Ethiopia is in the bottom 20 countries based on level of human development.

Question 40

Only small differences exist in standards of living and health status among people in the world's countries.

Question 41

Which factor(s)contribute(s)to the spread of infectious diseases that promote the development of malnutrition?

A)low birthweight newborns only
B)contaminated water supplies only
C)lack of refrigeration only
D) low birthweight newborns and contaminated water supplies
E)contaminated water supplies and lack of refrigeration

Question 42

Deficiencies of iodine,zinc,and _____ are common in some developing countries.

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin B12
C)sodium
D) niacin
E)vitamin E

Question 43

Vitamin A deficiency is related to _____.

A)blindness only
B)marasmus only
C)severe infections only
D) blindness and marasmus
E)blindness and severe infections

Question 44

In victims of _____,the body uses its own muscle and other tissues as an energy source.

A)marasmus
B)rickets
C)pellagra
D) kwashiorkor
E)anemia

Question 45

Which condition is also called protein-energy malnutrition?

A)hypervitaminosis A
B)marasmus
C)pernicious anemia
D) kwashiorkor
E)sitosterolemia

Question 46

Children who are deficient in vitamin _____ are more likely to die from a measles infection than are children whose status is sufficient.When does brain growth primarily occur?

A)C
B)A
C)E
D) D
E)K

Question 47

What is the education level (in years)of individuals living countries with a very high human development ranking?

A)2.0
B)4.2
C)5.5
D) 8.1
E)11.7

Question 48

Undernutrition is an ongoing problem for up to ______% of children under the age of 5 in regions of the world with low levels of human development.

A)12
B)24
C)35
D) 45
E)53

Question 49

Which condition is characterized by swelling,fatty liver,susceptibility to infection,profound apathy,and poor appetite?

A)osteopenia
B)beriberi
C)hemochromatosis
D) kwashiorkor
E)marasmus

Question 50

Generally,as human development advances,the _____.

A)age of the population decreases
B)birth rate increases
C)life expectancy decreases
D) focus changes to health care
E)chronic diseases decrease

Question 51

​What is a priority problem area related to malnutrition in developing countries?

A)insufficient physical activity
B)heart disease
C)drug abuse
D) vitamin B6 deficiency
E)carbohydrate deficiency

Question 52

Which factor promotes the development of infectious disease,especially in countries where contaminated water is used to prepare formula?

A)poor sanitary conditions
B)drought
C)low rates of breastfeeding
D) lack of refrigeration
E)low agricultural productivity

Question 53

​In populations undergoing the nutrition transition the rate of _____ increases.

A)underweight
B)tuberculosis
C)infants born with low birthweights
D) births
E)cancer

Question 54

Approximately half of pregnant women and young children in the world are _____ deficient.

A)potassium
B)thiamin
C)folate
D) iron
E)vitamin C

Question 55

The state of hunger and starvation in older children and adults can lead them to become _____ and to lose any sense of well-being.Which condition is also called protein-energy malnutrition?

A)self-centered
B)empathetic
C)anxious
D) depressed
E)altruistic

Question 56

In regions of the world with low levels of human development,_____ affects an average of 24% of the population.

A)obesity
B)short stature
C)rickets
D) blindness
E)iron deficiency

Question 57

The cause of _____ is unclear.

A)kwashiorkor
B)pellagra
C)beriberi
D) marasmus
E)PKU

Question 58

Worldwide,_____% of people have access to safe water supplies.

A)15
B)22
C)36
D) 47
E)55

Question 59

Most deaths of children under the age of 5 in countries with low levels of human development are related to both _____.

A)malnutrition
B)genetic disorders
C)infection
D) malnutrition and genetic disorders
E)malnutrition and infection

Question 60

When does brain growth primarily occur?

A)during pregnancy through age 6 months
B)during pregnancy through age 1
C)during pregnancy through age 2
D) infancy through age 3
E)infancy through age 5

Question 61

The famine in Somalia that led to the death of over 1.5 million people was due to _____.

A)collapse of the government
B)poverty
C)a natural disaster
D) low agricultural productivity
E)inequitable distribution of food

Question 62

As an extra credit assignment,Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition.For the project,students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns,prevalence of underweight children,rates of breastfeeding,and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country.The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings,along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country.Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Most of Professor Thompson's students find that people become malnourished or starve for a number of reasons.Which of these are particularly prevalent?

A)poverty only
B)racism only
C)food-borne illnesses only
D) poverty and racism
E)poverty and food-borne illnesses

Question 63

Women and female children are at particular risk for malnutrition in some societies due to _____.

A)poverty
B)low agricultural productivity
C)lack of access to safe water
D) cultural practices which call for food to be allocated to men and boys first
E)lack of access to protein sources

Question 64

As an extra credit assignment,Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition.For the project,students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns,prevalence of underweight children,rates of breastfeeding,and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country.The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings,along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country.Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Several students in Professor Thompson's class also discover that as countries undergo nutritional transition,the rate of _____ increases.

A)HIV/AIDS
B)iron deficiency
C)infectious diseases
D) obesity
E)iodine deficiency

Question 65

​Discuss the priority problem areas related to malnutrition in developing countries.

Question 66

As an extra credit assignment,Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition.For the project,students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns,prevalence of underweight children,rates of breastfeeding,and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country.The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings,along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country.Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Students learned that in 1996,the World Food Summit pledged to reduce hunger and that now,attention is being given to _____.

A)increasing physical activity
B)decreasing food costs
C)increasing fiber intake
D) increasing access to safe water
E)decreasing the prevalence of infectious disease among young children

Question 67

As an extra credit assignment,Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition.For the project,students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns,prevalence of underweight children,rates of breastfeeding,and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country.The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings,along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country.Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
One key strategy that students identify to reduce deaths related to malnutrition in infants and young children is to increase rates of _____.

A)vitamin A supplements given to infants
B)iron-fortified formula given to infants
C)breastfeeding
D) food supplements given to infants
E)fortified grain intake

Question 68

As an extra credit assignment,Professor Thompson has his nutrition class study different countries around the world with high malnutrition.For the project,students are asked to research a number of topics such as the number of low-birthweight newborns,prevalence of underweight children,rates of breastfeeding,and access to safe drinking water to learn more about each selected country.The students are then asked to give a brief report of their findings,along with possible strategies for helping the assigned country.Several commonalities are discovered among the students' reports.
Students reported that over _____ million people in the world are infected with HIV.

A)5
B)12
C)21
D) 30
E)38

Question 69

List the root causes of malnutrition in developing countries.

Question 70

The 1996 World Food Summit ended with a pledge that by 2015,developing countries would reduce the prevalence of _____ to 13.5%.

A)underweight
B)poverty
C)undernutrition
D) HIV/AIDS
E)obesity