Deck 10: Medieval Civilization at Its Height, 900-1300

Question 1

Define the following terms: Bernard of Clairvaux

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: serf

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: heresy

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: primogeniture

Question 5

Define the following terms: Francis of Assisi

Question 6

Define the following terms: knights

Question 7

Define the following terms: Waldo

Question 8

Define the following terms: Beguines

Question 9

Define the following terms: Cistercians

Question 10

Define the following terms: Gerbert of Aurillac

Question 11

Define the following terms: Cluny

Question 12

Define the following terms: mendicant orders

Question 13

Define the following terms: chivalry

Question 14

Define the following terms: Dominic de Guzman

Question 15

Define the following terms: feudalism

Question 16

Define the following terms: canon law

Question 17

Define the following terms: vassals

Question 18

Define the following terms: fiefs

Question 19

Define the following terms: Albigensians

Question 20

Define the following terms: three-part social order

Question 21

Define the following terms: chansons de geste

Question 22

Define the following terms: Beowulf

Question 23

Define the following terms: summa

Question 24

Define the following terms: Dante Alighieri

Question 25

Define the following terms: vernacular

Question 26

Define the following terms: Scholasticism

Question 27

Define the following terms: Abelard

Question 28

Explain the social system of Europe during the High Middle Ages. In the discussion, evaluate the usefulness of the phrase "those who pray, those who fight, and those who work."

Question 29

Define the following terms: Maimonides

Question 30

Define the following terms: Gothic

Question 31

Define the following terms: Eleanor of Aquitaine

Question 32

Define the following terms: Thomas Aquinas

Question 33

Define the following terms: Song of Roland

Question 34

Define the following terms: Romanesque

Question 35

Define the following terms: troubadour

Question 36

Define the following terms: Avicenna

Question 37

Define the following terms: Hildegard of Bingen

Question 38

Define the following terms: Averroës

Question 39

Define the following terms: courtly love

Question 40

Define the following terms: Anselm

Question 41

Discuss the life and writings of the Arab scholar Avicenna. What were the results of his research, studies, and writings?

Question 42

Compare the features of Romanesque and Gothic architecture discussed in the chapter. What are the main similarities and differences between the two styles?

Question 43

In the High Middle Ages, the West was able to address intellectual issues long the concern of its cousins, Islam and Byzantium. What accounts for this intellectual maturation? What were the central philosophic issues? What exactly was the West's reaction: Scholasticism?

Question 44

Describe the lifestyle of a medieval nobleman. What was his occupation and means of support? How did he practice chivalry?

Question 45

Explain the spiritual unrest in the High Middle Ages and how it led both to powerful heresies and to new, invigorated religious orders within the church. Explain the heresies and orders themselves.

Question 46

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

A) dominated the religious life of Europe in his lifetime.
B) preached a stricter version of the Benedictine Rule than was followed at Cluny.
C) was the prime mover behind the Cistercians.
D) opposed the wide application of logical approaches to divine truth.
E) All of these

Question 47

The monastery of Cluny was known for all of the following except

A) that it came under direct papal authority.
B) the prestige of its abbots.
C) the revival of the ascetic eremitic tradition.
D) its support of the idea that the church should be free from lay interference.
E) being free of all lay and Episcopal control.

Question 48

As the nobility became better defined as a class

A) it guaranteed all of its members a high standard of living.
B) vassalage, including fief-holding, became widespread.
C) it soon came to constitute about half the population.
D) it developed an extraordinary uniformity throughout Europe.
E) primogeniture was abandoned.

Question 49

Explain the function of the clergy in medieval society and how that class changed from 900 to 1300.

Question 50

Discuss the main literary works presented in the chapter, and outline the major trends in literature during the High Middle Ages.

Question 51

Which of the following was fundamental to the Cistercians?

A) The refusal of all secular entanglements
B) Refusal to admit young boys into their order
C) Refusal to admit women
D) The desire to re-establish the monastic elite of the early twelfth century
E) A return to the strict teachings of St. Benedict

Question 52

Which of the following were not included in the threefold division of medieval society?

A) Clergy
B) Nobility
C) Townspeople
D) Peasants
E) Serfs

Question 53

Discuss the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas. What important distinction does he make in his writings?

Question 54

Explain serfdom and how it fit into the broader social system of the High Middle Ages.

Question 55

What developments and innovations occurred in law during the period between 900 and 1300? What types of law codes were produced?

Question 56

After the fall of the Carolingian Empire

A) the church became increasingly hierarchical in organization and outlook.
B) sharp disagreements arose between the primacy of monasteries versus that of the bishops.
C) the church increasingly freed itself of lay domination.
D) church offices were usually reserved for the younger sons of the nobility.
E) All of these

Question 57

Explain what is meant by the phrase "those left out." How is this phrase appropriate? In what way were these groups not "left out"?

Question 58

During the Middle Ages, the social order and social relations

A) became increasingly complex.
B) remained static.
C) became increasingly simple.
D) varied in unpredictable ways.
E) had a negative affect on towns.

Question 59

Draw a snapshot of European civilization in the year 1300. Discuss the fundamental aspects of society (economy, social system, political system, religion, and intellectual and cultural life), and show what kind of whole they constitute.

Question 60

Which of the following is not true in regard to the special responsibility of the clergy?

A) Creation of the perfect knight
B) Regulation of disputes in society
C) Officiate at Ordeals
D) Create military orders
E) To shed one's blood, if necessary for one's brethren

Question 61

Which of the following cannot be associated with medieval universities?

A) Students were reputed to be noisy, quarrelsome, prone to drinking, and fond of prostitutes.
B) The basic method of teaching was the recitation of passages from authoritative texts followed by commentary.
C) A university education very seldom produced original thinkers.
D) The bachelor's degree licensed a person to teach but a master's was required to teach at a university.
E) University masters attempt to prescribe a standard curriculum and requirements for entry.

Question 62

Which of the following founded an influential mendicant order that stressed radical poverty, preaching, and service?

A) Waldo
B) Saint Francis of Assisi
C) Saint Clare of Assisi
D) Saint Dominic
E) Claire of Assisi

Question 63

The two vernacular classics, Beowulf and the Song of Roland

A) exemplified the new courtly love literature.
B) were two of the greatest achievements of English literature.
C) dealt with personal hopes, fears, and motivations.
D) reflected a male chivalric world that almost totally excluded women.
E) were fundamental to the Christian way of life.

Question 64

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 10.1, locate the new states of eastern and southern Europe discussed in Chapter 9. Locate the Latin Empire that resulted from the Fourth Crusade.

Question 65

All of the following are true of medieval towns except that

A) they provided job opportunities in many crafts and professions.
B) their social structure was more flexible than elsewhere in society.
C) they had virtually no connection with the countryside.
D) they provided opportunities for women.
E) peasants experienced less social differentiation.

Question 66

Medieval heretics saw themselves as

A) one of many groups within the true church.
B) secessionists from the true church.
C) the only representatives of the true church.
D) a danger to church and state.
E) protectors of the various religious relics and icons.

Question 67

Romanesque architecture includes all the following except

A) the barrel vault.
B) pointed arches and stained glass.
C) thick walls.
D) greater internal height than Roman and Carolingian buildings.
E) a transition to a refined verticality.

Question 68

Beguines were

A) courtly dances.
B) communities of pious laywomen.
C) troubadours.
D) landless peasants in the Rhineland.
E) women who did not take vows.

Question 69

Which of the following does not describe the work of Francis of Assisi?

A) He spent his life repairing churches.
B) He preached repentance to all who would listen.
C) He prepared a simple Rule based on the understanding of the Scriptural ideals.
D) He established the order of Franciscans.
E) He repealed the service of charity and service, while emphasizing a life of seclusion.

Question 70

As the intellectual climate improved in the High Middle Ages

A) logic replaced grammar as the heart of the curriculum.
B) the literate use of the vernacular increased.
C) universities emerged.
D) Romanesque art appeared.
E) All of these

Question 71

Which of the following was not one of the Greek, Arab, and Jewish contributions to the Medieval Ages?

A) Aristotle's writings on logic pertaining to the eternal universe
B) Aristotle's questions pertaining to the Scriptures as true or untrue
C) Avicenna's questioning of objects that exist in the real world and those found in the human mind
D) Jewish writers who disputed the existence of both Jesus and Muhammad
E) Moses ben Maimon's attempt to reconcile reason and faith

Question 72

Gothic architecture

A) attempted to capture a dark serenity.
B) sought a verticality and translucency in which stone surfaces seemed to disappear.
C) intended to impress by its accurate reproduction of Greco-Roman styles.
D) combined the mathematics of Euclid with the ordered logic of Aristotle.
E) All of these

Question 73

All of the following were developments that adversely affected the position of noblewomen except

A) a growing focus on Eve as the temptress who lost Paradise.
B) the spread of lordship as defined by military service.
C) a masculine chivalric ethos.
D) an emphasis on family and the church's stress on monogamy.
E) the growth of convents to accommodate unmarried women.

Question 74

Several theories were important in developing a wider application of logic over grammar in the evolution of Western theology. Which of the following does not fall into this group?

A) Through the use of Aristotelian logic, Christ's presence in the Eucharist was proven correct.
B) There was logical proof for the existence of God.
C) Contradictions in the Scriptures were reconciled.
D) Language was not important in developing logic.
E) Faith and immediate divine inspiration were primary to any application.

Question 75

All of the following refer to canon law except

A) canon law declined because of the spiritual revival associated with the rise of the Franciscans and Dominicans.
B) canon law was church law.
C) the greatest medieval compilation of canon law was the Decretum .
D) canon law reflected a growing concern for precise rules and a growing number of disputes.
E) the increasing sophistication of urban life demanded a better understanding of law.

Question 76

All of the following describe The Divine Comedy except it

A) completely ignored the theology and philosophy of its time.
B) is a long and difficult poem.
C) was written in exquisite Italian.
D) combines a hoard of individual stories.
E) weaves an allegorical presentation of the whole human race.

Question 77

The greatest of the Scholastics was

A) Gerbert of Aurillac.
B) Anselm.
C) Abelard.
D) Saint Thomas Aquinas.
E) Bernard of Clairvaux.

Question 78

In the tenth and eleventh centuries, rural society was reshaped by all of the following except

A) a consolidation of villages into communities.
B) improved living conditions and legal status for peasants.
C) a tendency for the labor service requirements to decrease.
D) growing tensions among the peasants.
E) proximity to a castle meant access to resources that were provided by the lord in return for services.

Question 79

The new literary form, the romance, combined a complex narrative with

A) powerful and conflicting emotional and moral dilemmas.
B) a strong message of Christian love and asceticism.
C) the basic developments in Scholasticism.
D) the inevitable happy ending.
E) an emphasis on the negative dilemma of women in society.

Question 80

Which of the following was not a factor adversely affecting the Jewish population of the West in the High Middle Ages?

A) Growing competition from Christians in an expanding economy
B) The Crusades
C) Jewish support for Christian heretics in Europe
D) The church's focus on proper Christian living
E) Many popes' reactions to Jews