Deck 19: An Age of Revolution, 1789-1815

Question 1

Define the following terms: Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: sans-culottes

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: flight to Varennes

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: May 3 (1791) Constitution

Question 5

Define the following terms: Committee of Public Safety

Question 6

Define the following terms: the Bastille

Question 7

Define the following terms: Thermidorian Reaction

Question 8

Define the following terms: National Assembly

Question 9

Define the following terms: the Terror

Question 10

Define the following terms: Tennis Court Oath

Question 11

Define the following terms: Estates General

Question 12

Define the following terms: Society of Revolutionary Republican Women

Question 13

Define the following terms: Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Question 14

Define the following terms: guillotine

Question 15

Define the following terms: Volunteer Movement

Question 16

Define the following terms: Jacobins

Question 17

Define the following terms: Third Estate

Question 18

Define the following terms: Maximilien Robespierre

Question 19

Define the following terms: Dutch "Patriotic" Party

Question 20

Define the following terms: levée en masse

Question 21

Define the following terms: Napoleon Bonaparte

Question 22

What was the attitude of the French government to the American Revolution? What were some of the reasons France supported the Americans, and how important was that support? What were the results for France of involvement in the Revolution?

Question 23

Define the following terms: Josephine de Beauharmais

Question 24

Define the following terms: François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture

Question 25

Define the following terms: Directory

Question 26

It has been said that the French Revolution was brought about in part because of too much, not too little, reform. Do you agree or disagree? What groups within the state genuinely wanted reforms? Which did not? What was the attitude of ordinary people to economic reform?

Question 27

Did Napoleon destroy the French Revolution, or did he continue and spread it? Give reasons for your opinion, citing examples from Napoleon's domestic policies and the effects of the Napoleonic conquests abroad.

Question 28

Define the following terms: Continental System

Question 29

Analyze the stages of the French Revolution. What characterized each phase, and what were some of the factors that caused each of the first three stages to become more radical than the period preceding it?

Question 30

Define the following terms: Conspiracy of Equals

Question 31

Define the following terms: Grande Armée

Question 32

Define the following terms: Elba, St. Helena

Question 33

Define the following terms: Civil Code

Question 34

Define the following terms: Haiti

Question 35

Define the following terms: Trafalgar

Question 36

Define the following terms: "Battle of the Nations"

Question 37

Define the following terms: Waterloo

Question 38

Discuss some effects of French revolutionary ideas and policies on the Americas. Give specific examples of the points you make.

Question 39

Define the following terms: Louis XVIII

Question 40

Discuss and explain eighteenth-century European reform movements outside France.

Question 41

Louis XVI and France was unable to reform the tax system because

A) the king did not want to lose the income he received from selling offices.
B) farmers resisted any tax reform because they were making large profits from overseas sales.
C) appointed ministers were corrupt.
D) high harvests would increase taxes for both the small farmer as well as the large land owner.
E) the tax system was too complex to tackle change.

Question 42

All of the following are true regarding the storming of the Bastille, except

A) the appointment of a finance minister who was known to be hostile to the poor of Paris.
B) Paris was overrun by homeless people from the city and countryside who were in a hostile mood.
C) the Bastille represented the suppression of the state.
D) the events at the Bastille enflamed the countryside.
E) rather than face increased violence, the king embraced the popular movement.

Question 43

All of the following occurred during the first two years of the French First Republic except

A) the trial and execution of the king.
B) the Committee of Public Safety and the Terror.
C) military defeat by a coalition of absolute monarchs.
D) ascendancy of the Jacobins.
E) the king's wearing of the liberty cap signaled the end of the monarchy.

Question 44

Measures taken by the National Assembly concerning the Catholic Church included all of the following except

A) confiscating church property.
B) abolishing monasteries and convents.
C) abolishing the requirement that clergy take an oath to the state.
D) making the clergy salaried state employees.
E) pensioning the monks and nuns to permit them to continue as nurses and teachers.

Question 45

The nascent Irish revolution led by the Volunteer Movement ended quickly because

A) of the swift and overwhelming military response by the British.
B) traditional Celtic pacifism prevailed.
C) of the granting of greater parliamentary autonomy by the British and the Irish elite's own fear of the Catholic population.
D) French intervention provoked a backlash.
E) the Volunteer Movement took over the government.

Question 46

Prior to the French Revolution, how was the Atlantic World united by political and commercial and social ideology?

Question 47

When the self-declared National Assembly was locked out of its meeting hall, it

A) dissolved itself, but the revolutionary momentum was taken over by the sans-culottes , who promptly stormed the Bastille.
B) took the Tennis Court Oath to meet until a constitution was produced.
C) proclaimed the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
D) found several servants at Versailles to open the door.
E) assembled in the streets of Paris and attracted mobs of Parisian laborers.

Question 48

In 1789, the National Assembly

A) abolished the vestiges of feudalism and serfdom.
B) produced an Enlightenment-inspired document guaranteeing basic rights and outlining the guiding principles of the new government.
C) drastically curtailed Louis XVI's former absolutist powers.
D) met to create a constitution.
E) All of these

Question 49

The most radical deputies who seized the leadership of the Estates General and converted it into the National Assembly were

A) lawyers and other professionals who represented the Third Estate.
B) peasants and craftsmen of the Third Estate.
C) Second Estate supporters of the parlements.
D) a broad coalition drawn roughly evenly from all three estates.
E) students.

Question 50

The crisis of the Old Regime was due in part to all of the following except

A) an inefficient revenue system combined with huge debts.
B) the refusal of the king even to consider reforms.
C) the interference of privileged interests with the carrying out of royal reforms.
D) pressure on the king by elite opinion-makers for extensive reforms.
E) the queen coming from Austria, an old French enemy.

Question 51

Devise a balance sheet for the Age of Revolution. What appear to have been the lasting and the temporary consequences of the numerous revolutions?

Question 52

Changes that were enforced under the Terror included all of the following except

A) the five-day workweek.
B) the metric system.
C) a new civic religion of "reason" and cult of the Supreme Being.
D) banning women from political life.
E) slavery was abolished in the French colonies.

Question 53

France became involved in the American Revolution because

A) the king wanted to support the British government.
B) British troops kidnapped the French ambassador in New York.
C) France hoped to recoup some of its colonial losses to the British.
D) George Washington was a personal friend of Louis XVI.
E) it hoped to gain special trade rights with the prosperous colonies.

Question 54

The march to Versailles was triggered by

A) the politicians' invitation to the women of Paris.
B) Parisian support for the beleaguered king.
C) Lafayette's instigation of a Jacobin protest.
D) a food shortage in Paris.
E) anger against the extravagant expenditures of the queen.

Question 55

The storming of the Bastille was the result of

A) Robespierre's call to arms.
B) the king's use of troops.
C) the imprisonment of the National Assembly.
D) the demand of guilds for greater control of taxes and tariffs.
E) demands from the church and nobles for increased taxes.

Question 56

Lafayette was involved in which of the following?

A) The attempt to help the king and his family escape to Austria
B) He was president of the National Assembly
C) Massacre of the Champ
D) Helping Robespierre gain power
E) Leading a counter revolution in the name of the monarchy

Question 57

The revolution in the Netherlands included all of the following except

A) a public execution of the stadholder.
B) tension between the merchant oligarchy and the military governor.
C) the creation of the Dutch "Patriotic" Party.
D) demands of different groups for "liberty."
E) demands for American style liberties.

Question 58

The French Revolution is often considered the beginning of modern European history. It included which of the following?

A) The overthrow and eventual execution of an absolute monarch
B) The spread of revolutionary ideas throughout Europe
C) The conquest of much of Europe by the French under Napoleon
D) Constitutional limits on traditional governments
E) All of these

Question 59

After the attempted flight of the royal family

A) all the revolutionary factions shared the same goals and interests.
B) Lafayette proposed the execution of the family.
C) divisions among more and less radical groups became apparent.
D) the king was allowed to live in exile in Switzerland.
E) documents were found that showed the king's sympathy for the revolution.

Question 60

As a result of its alliance with the American colonies, France experienced

A) great commercial prosperity from the American trade.
B) increased prestige and influence in North America.
C) neither benefits nor disadvantages from its intervention.
D) a financial crisis and the spread of revolutionary ideas.
E) a reversal in the belief of the practical application of the Enlightenment.

Question 61

Which of the following did not contribute to the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire?

A) The resounding Russian victory at Borodino
B) Napoleon's refusal of an Austrian offer of peace
C) Military defeat in Spain
D) The Battle of Nations in October 1813
E) The loyalty that the troops had for Napoleon

Question 62

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 19.1, locate the major battles referred to in the chapter. Where is Trafalgar, and what was its significance?

Question 63

Which of the following statements is not true about Saint Domingue (Haiti) during the revolutionary period?

A) White planter rule was challenged by wealthy people of mixed European and African descent.
B) A full-fledge slave rebellion followed a civil war between competing elites.
C) The British permanently seized the colony from France.
D) Peace was temporarily restored when slavery was abolished by the revolutionary government in France in 1793.
E) Wealth from this French colony made it difficult for France to accept its claim for independence.

Question 64

Among Napoleon's domestic measures

A) were the Civil Code and establishment of the Bank of France.
B) were voting rights for women.
C) were provisions for easy divorce.
D) was his repeated refusal to call himself anything but "First Citizen."
E) was forbidding the use of titles.

Question 65

Spanish colonies in the Americas were affected by all of the following except

A) revolutionary ideas, including aspirations for independence.
B) the example of the Haitian revolution.
C) confusion of authority in French-conquered Spain.
D) the lack of any attempts at revolt or self-government.
E) the attempt of local elites to become self governing.

Question 66

Napoleon Bonaparte succeeded in

A) stabilizing the political situation in France.
B) exporting the Revolution as he conquered most of Europe.
C) gaining fame through military success.
D) gaining support from many areas of the political system.
E) All of these

Question 67

Which statement best describes the state of French politics when the Bourbons were restored to power after Napoleon's defeat?

A) Institutions and processes were returned to those of the Old Regime prior to 1788.
B) Politics was established on newer revolutionary principles yet still lacked the practical means to achieve the promise inherent in those principles.
C) A new counterrevolutionary Terror purged France of its revolutionary traditions.
D) Louis XVIII's policies were essentially indistinguishable from Napoleon's.
E) The Bourbons would not accept the concept of a constitutional government.

Question 68

The Terror ended with

A) the final defeat of French troops abroad.
B) a successful coup d'état by the king's brother.
C) Robespierre's declaration that it was no longer necessary.
D) the execution of Robespierre and his colleagues.
E) demands from the papacy to restore the church to its original place in French society.

Question 69

Which of the following was not a consequence of the Continental System?

A) Growth in continental industries
B) Decline in overseas trade
C) Economic depression throughout Europe
D) Increased smuggling
E) Defeat of the British navy

Question 70

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. Compare Map 19.1 with maps of Europe in the previous chapter. How did the boundaries of the major states change under Napoleon? What countries formed part of the empire? Which were dependent states, and how were they governed?

Question 71

Napoleon consolidated his power partly by

A) executing enemies and conciliating members of various elites.
B) making peace with Britain.
C) welcoming members of the royal family back to France.
D) avoiding national plebiscites.
E) restoring the power of the church and gaining support from the papacy.

Question 72

The government of the Directory

A) renounced the use of force to keep order.
B) restored government solvency.
C) gave way to the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.
D) maintained control of the countryside.
E) invited the Bourbons back as constitutional monarchs.

Question 73

During the Thermidorian Reaction

A) a stable government was organized with no major opposition.
B) the food supply was no longer a problem.
C) direct election by universal suffrage was implemented.
D) only elite citizens could vote.
E) property requirements to enable one to vote were eliminated.

Question 74

An important change in warfare during the revolutionary era was the

A) invention of the bayonet.
B) use of mass armies of citizen-soldiers.
C) use of tank warfare.
D) use of the machine gun.
E) new techniques of cavalry.

Question 75

When Napoleon returned from Elba

A) he was unable to raise a new army.
B) he restored his empire after the Battle of Waterloo.
C) many of the French were still loyal to him.
D) he was immediately recaptured.
E) European powers were divided on how to treat France and Napoleon after Waterloo.

Question 76

In the chapter feature, "The Global Record: Napoleon's Letter to Toussaint Overture, " how does Napoleon emphasize the importance that the Haitian Revolution cannot succeed?

A) France cannot afford to lose such a profitable colony.
B) Only a Frenchman can rule Saint Domingue.
C) Although France cannot afford to send a military force to Haiti, he asks Toussaint to call off his rebellion or face certain defeat after France dispatches England in battle.
D) According to Napoleon, as a former slave, Toussaint has no rights.
E) France will offer respect, freedom of slaves, and citizenship to the people of the colony.