Deck 12: An Era of Totalitarianism

Question 1

In reaction to the policy of War Communism, the Communist Party adopted a New Economic Policy (NEP) which included all of the following EXCEPT

A)the government controlled banking and finance.
B)peasants were allowed to sell their goods in an open market.
C)capitalism in any form was forbidden.
D)transportation remained under the control of the government.
E)gave part of their crop to the government.

Answer 1

capitalism in any form was forbidden.

Question 2

The results of Stalin's collectivization included which of the following?

A)More peasants owned land.
B)Kulaks became important local political leaders in the Ukraine.
C)As patriots, peasants embraced the idea of collectivization.
D)Grain was exported from the Ukraine although it meant it left little food for the starving Ukrainians.
E)The system destroyed all vintages of serfdom.

Answer 2

Grain was exported from the Ukraine although it meant it left little food for the starving Ukrainians.

Question 3

Each of the following was part of the formative experiences of Hitler except

A)a month-long imprisonment for vagrancy in Vienna.
B)combat experience in World War I.
C)the influence of Karl Lueger.
D)the propaganda of the Pan-German movement.
E)rejection for admission by the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

Answer 3

a month-long imprisonment for vagrancy in Vienna.

Question 4

Historians would agree that Mussolini

A)was determined to gain power legally.
B)gave in to party pressure of the ras and immediately abandoned the governmental institutions in Italy.
C)relied on the counsel of Matteotti.
D)succeeded because the liberal Italian government was weak.
E)was successful because King Victor Emmanuel III was in love with the Fascists.

Question 5

The term New Deal refers to

A)Roosevelt's economic program to get America out of the Great Depression.
B)Dollfuss's coming to terms with the Austrian Social Democrats.
C)the American decision to start sending ships to Britain during World War II.
D)Britain's decision to devalue the pound.
E)Germany's economic program after World War I.

Question 6

When Francisco Franco revolted against the Spanish republic, he received the support of

A)the army.
B)the church.
C)monarchists.
D)landlords.
E)All of these gave Franco total support.

Question 7

What was the attitude of Italian industrialists and major landowners toward fascism?

A)They viewed it as a major threat to social stability.
B)They claimed to support it but withheld financial support.
C)They tried to ignore it.
D)They provided it with important financial support.
E)They rejected it and organized to oppose it.

Question 8

The official style in art and literature of the communist regime was known as

A)comintern.
B)commissaries.
C)collectivization.
D)socialist realism.
E)Kulaks.

Question 9

Under the New Economic Policy, the Bolsheviks

A)confiscated the last remaining small businesses and peasant farms in Russia.
B)gave up control of banks and the steel industry.
C)funneled government investment towards consumer industries.
D)allowed for the return to small-scale capitalism.
E)controlled all the crop harvests of the peasants.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A)Politically, totalitarianism began with the era of Caesar.
B)Totalitarianism is referred to as extreme democracy.
C)Totalitarian leaders are seen as infallible and invincible.
D)To the masses Totalitarianism envision a battle for cultural and social equality.
E)Totalitarian leaders emphasize the power of the individual.

Question 11

The Fascist regime in Italy did all of the following except

A)attack the Vatican.
B)eliminate non-Fascists from the cabinet.
C)dissolve opposition parties.
D)smash the independent trade unions.
E)suppress opposition newspapers.

Question 12

The ultimate point of collectivization was to

A)exterminate the peasants.
B)fund rapid industrialization.
C)conscript peasants into the army.
D)bring women into agricultural labor.
E)allow peasants to be attached to their own land.

Question 13

The principles of fascism were not related to

A)intellectual discussion and critical analysis.
B)comparisons to democratic thought.
C)appeal to the emotions of the crowd.
D)anti-Marxism.
E)Enlightenment principles.

Question 14

Which of the following proved to be a prophet of totalitarianism?

A)D) H. Lawrence
B)Franz Kafka
C)T)S. Eliot
D)Carl Gustav Jung
E)Oswald Spengler

Question 15

The Communists, under the regime of Lenin, did each of the following except

A)consolidate power in the politburo.
B)establish a system of forced labor camps.
C)disband the Cheka.
D)initiate an atheistic policy.
E)change the calendar to the Gregorian system prevailing in the capitalist West.

Question 16

Totalitarianism may justly be said to

A)be related to both communism and fascism.
B)influence all aspects of culture.
C)involve terror and force.
D)abolish all competing political parties
E)Totalitarianism symbolized all of these.

Question 17

During the Russian Civil War, the White Army

A)r eceived support from foreign governments.
B)was led by Trotsky.
C)was manned and staffed by compulsory military service.
D)murdered the royal family.
E)was supported by the United States to offset expansionist goals of Japan.

Question 18

The Dawes Plan contributed to Germany economic recovery in the 1920s because it

A)forced the French out of the Ruhr
B)allowed the Germans to print a new German currency which was based on real estate value
C)avoided inflation by stopping the printing of money.
D)attracted foreign investments.
E)reduced reparations based on the German economic capacity.

Question 19

Which of the following gave the German chancellor the right to make law?

A)Article 48
B)Nuremberg Laws
C)Advocacy Act
D)Hitler never received this "right," he simply took it.
E)Enabling Act

Question 20

The authors of your text refer to each of the following as components of fascism except

A)the abandonment of individual freedom.
B)rejection of Western civilization by intellectuals.
C)theories supporting the equality of all groups in a fascist state.
D)a stress on action.
E)exaltation of the leader.

Question 21

When the authors of your text refer to "the God that Failed," it is a reference to

A)nationalism.
B)Communism.
C)Social Darwinism.
D)existentialism.
E)capitalism.

Question 22

Pablo Picasso's Guernica ​

A)memorialized a Spanish village bombed during the Spanish Civil War.
B)condemned the brutality of collectivization in the Ukraine. ​
C)depicted the Holocaust. ​
D)was the first anti-war novel published after WWI.
E)was an allegory of the failures of communism.

Question 23

Which of the following was an indictment of totalitarianism?

A)The Revolt of the Masses
B)The Treason of the Intellectuals
C)Animal Farm
D)White Crucifixion
E)The Myth of the State

Question 24

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Dadaism

Question 25

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Collectivization

Question 26

According to the text, Mann's The Magic Mountain is an allegory for

A)a group of tuberculosis patients in a sanitarium.
B)the decomposition of the bourgeois west.
C)the avant-garde artistic community.
D)the Hollywood film community.
E)the collapse of Communism.

Question 27

Which of the following was an anti-war novel?

A)The Road to Wigan Pier
B)For Whom the Bell Tolls
C)The Grapes of Wrath
D)All Quiet on the Western Front
E)The Trial

Question 28

Surrealists in the 1920s were likely to

A)be interested in fantasy.
B)satirize political movements.
C)focus on absolute truths.
D)portray historical events.
E)stress reality.

Question 29

Who wrote The Waste Land ?

A)T) S. Eliot ​
B)Hanna Arendt
C)Paul Sartre
D)D) H. Lawrence ​
E)Franz Kafka

Question 30

Existentialism does not lend itself to a single definition but some of its basic characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT

A)Religion was not at the foundation of many existentialistic writers.
B)One becomes less human when committed to a set of rules.
C)The universe has a pre-set of rules.
D)Existence is purposeless and absurd and understanding this gives life meaning.
E)The individual has the potential to become more than he or she actually is.

Question 31

In the era of the world wars, what philosophical movement best exemplified the anxiety and uncertainty felt in Europe?

A)Socialism
B)Surrealism
C)Nihilism
D)Dadaism
E)Existentialism

Question 32

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Otto Dix

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true?

A)A multiple party system paralyzed any reform in Italy.
B)Italian intellectuals fearing civil war broke with Mussolini.
C)The middle class feared that growing power of labor unions threatened them. ​
D)The results of World War One for Italy outraged Italians.
E)Mussolini was able to exploit the unrest in Italy and take power.

Question 34

Oswald Spengler argued that civilizations like living organisms, experience

A)feudalism, capitalism, and socialism.
B)hunting and gathering, herding, and farming.
C)religion, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism.
D)birth, youth, maturity, and death.
E)birth, youth, maturity, old age, and death.

Question 35

In 1984 , Orwell sought to portray

A)a doctor fighting a plague outbreak in Algeria.
B)total control of the masses by the totalitarian regime.
C)a waiter in a German-occupied city.
D)refugees in the United States.
E)freedom from political control.

Question 36

Jose Ortega y Gasset defined his "mass-men" as

A)the proletariat.
B)the peasantry.
C)those that cannot or will not think rationally.
D)those who have not received a higher education.
E)the elite.

Question 37

Referring to the Primary Source in this chapter, The Authority of the Führer is...All inclusive and Unlimited, what does the power of the F ührer encompass?

A) Parliamentary votes and public plebiscites are not recognized by the führer.
B) The people are bound to the führer in loyalty and obedience.
C) Special autonomous bodies or individual rights are not checks on the führer's powers.
D) The people cannot announce their will by a majority vote but only in its embodiment in one man.
E) The führer is one nature with his people.
F) All of these.

Question 38

The Dada art movement was originally formed

A)to wrest control of the salons and galleries from the Impressionists.
B)to protest Nazi policies against Jews.
C)in revulsion against World War I.
D)in opposition to the legalization of birth control in France.
E)to protest the rise of Hitler to power.

Question 39

In his book The Myth of the State , Ernst Cassirer

A)defended the racial policy of Nazi Germany. ​
B)explained the rise of Stalin. ​
C)described Nazism as a culmination of mythical thinking.
D)castigated Mussolini for his failure to restore Italian glory. ​
E)questioned the future of nation-states as viable political structure. ​

Question 40

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
D. H. Lawrence

Question 41

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
social ist realism

Question 42

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Leon Trotsky

Question 43

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Bolshevik

Question 44

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
New Economic Policy

Question 45

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Martin Heidegger

Question 46

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Karl Jaspers

Question 47

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"November criminals"

Question 48

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
March on Rome

Question 49

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
German Workers Party

Question 50

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Francisco Franco

Question 51

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Ernest Hemingway

Question 52

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mein Kampf

Question 53

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Max Beckmann

Question 54

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Marc Chagall

Question 55

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Tristan Tzara

Question 56

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mass Man

Question 57

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Benito Mussolini

Question 58

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Reinhold Niebuhr

Question 59

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Jean-Paul Sartre

Question 60

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
George Orwell

Question 61

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pablo Picasso

Question 62

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
grain requisitions

Question 63

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).


On a map of Europe locate the areas mentioned in this chapter where fascism took hold as well the areas where democracy survived and the one new nation after World War One that was able to enact a successful democratic system.

Question 64

How might different policies of the victorious powers towards Germany in the 1920s have forestalled the rise of Nazism?

Question 65

What types of economic difficulties faced Italy and Germany before the fascist takeovers? Was there a radical shift in economic power structure as the Fascists and the Nazis responded to economic concerns when they achieved power?

Question 66

List some of the main elements of twentieth-century existential thought.

Question 67

In what ways did the work of Lenin contribute to an ideology of world revolution?

Question 68

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Leader State

Question 69

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Kristallnacht

Question 70

It has been said that revolutionaries often become more tyrannical than those they have overthrown. Does this remark apply to the era of the early Russian Revolution? Explain.

Question 71

What are the distinctive features of a totalitarian state?

Question 72

How may one say that the experience of Nazism illustrates the dynamic power of myth? How did myth confer power on Hitler's movement?

Question 73

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Lenin

Question 74

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).


Using arrows, designate on a map of Europe various sites of political disturbances during the 1920s: the Spartacist revolt, the Kapp Putsch, and the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.

Question 75

Why was the Soviet Union so popular to so many intellectuals? Name some who criticized the communist experiment.

Question 76

How would you explain the basic outlook of Oswald Spengler?

Question 77

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
First Five-Year Plan

Question 78

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).


On a map of Europe, locate the following: Brest-Litovsk, whose name is connected with a treaty; Kronstadt, the site of a naval mutiny; the Ukraine, site of a massive starvation as a result of collectivization and Petrograd, the location in the Soviet Union of which Lenin took charge.

Question 79

How were the totalitarianisms of Italy, Germany, and the Soviet Union different from one another?

Question 80

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Joseph Stalin