Deck 16: The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State

Question 1

Which of the following helped usher in the modern world, according to the text?

A)early modern monarchs and the states they created
B)capitalism
C)science
D)commercial expansion
E)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

In the Middle Ages, the power of the king was restricted by all the following EXCEPT

A)the nobility.
B)townspeople.
C)the peasantry.
D)the church.
E)representative institutions.

Answer 2

the peasantry.

Question 3

The usual founder of a ruling dynasty was

A)an appointee of the Roman Empire.
B)chosen by an assembly of all able-bodied men.
C)the most powerful noble who made his claim to kingship stick.
D)elected by the people.
E)selected by the Church.

Answer 3

the most powerful noble who made his claim to kingship stick.

Question 4

How did most monarchies use religion to strengthen their state?

A)Most confiscated Church property to finance their growing armies and administration.
B)Most attempted to make religion one of the forces uniting their subjects into a nation.
C)By separating church and state, monarchies enabled people of different religious beliefs to all pledge allegiance to the same king.
D)Through prayer, kings were able to overcome their enemies.
E)Most presented the state as an alternative to the divisiveness of religion.

Question 5

The Reformation had a major political impact on the Holy Roman Empire, among other reasons, because

A)the Protestant emphasis on obedience to secular authorities centralized the Empire into a unified German state.
B)the separation of church and state weakened both.
C)feudal princes and Protestant communities allied to keep the Emperor weak.
D)the resulting wars of religion enabled the Emperor to increase his power, finally breaking the power of feudalism.
E)Protestants effectively turned the Empire into a theocracy.

Question 6

Which of the following are features of the national state that developed in the West from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century?

A)The state had people who could imagine themselves as part of a community.
B)The state encouraged commerce and industry.
C)The state harnessed the power of its nobility.
D)The state became an entity inherited from generation to generation.
E)all of the above

Question 7

As Spain declined in the seventeenth century

A)a social revolution threatened.
B)it was able to retain control over Portugal and Brazil.
C)the traditional aristocracy and the church retained power and perpetuated authoritarianism in Spain.
D)it formed closer ties with the Austrian Hapsburgs.
E)all of the above

Question 8

The development of Spain included all the following EXCEPT

A)continued regionalism even after the unification of Aragon and Castile.
B)the strategic use of marriage for state development.
C)an extremely powerful church that came to dominate the state.
D)the creation of a Spanish identity based on purity of blood and religion.
E)a centuries-long campaign to expel the Muslims for the Iberian Peninsula.

Question 9

The crucial difference between a parliament and an estates general was

A)a parliament was English; an estates general was French.
B)a parliament was a representative institution; an estates general was a king's council.
C)a parliament could pass laws; an estates general could not.
D)each member in a parliament had one vote; in an estates general, each estate had one vote.
E)each member of a parliament was elected; only some members of an estates general were elected.

Question 10

Which of the following weakened the powerful monarchy of Charles V?

A)the conflict with Protestants.
B)the complexity of administering such a large empire.
C)constant warfare on the continent and in the Mediterranean.
D)lack of domestic industry, the lack of entrepreneurship, and a weak commercial class.
E)all of the above

Question 11

The only state that broke with the pattern of king-army-taxes as the key to the creation of a centralized state was

A)Britain
B)the Dutch Republic
C)France
D)Prussia
E)Spain

Question 12

With the Treaty of Westphalia, Spain officially recognized the independence of

A)its Italian possessions.
B)Portugal.
C)its New World colonies.
D)the Netherlands.
E)all of the above

Question 13

The two most common forms of government in early modern Europe were

A)absolute monarchy and republican states.
B)limited monarchy and autocracy.
C)republican states and limited monarchy.
D)absolute monarchy and autocracy.
E)autocracy and republican states.

Question 14

The Spanish empire in the sixteenth century was funded largely by

A)taxes and requisitions from the Netherlands.
B)gold and silver from the New World colonies.
C)the development of iron-working and coal mining in Spain.
D)taxes on the slave trade.
E)new wars of conquest.

Question 15

The formative group or force in most early modern European states was/were the

A)dynastic king and his court.
B)church.
C)rising class of lawyers.
D)mode of production of the time.
E)people.

Question 16

Medieval French kings did all of the following EXCEPT

A)establishing an efficient bureaucracy staffed by members of the bourgeoisie and lesser nobles, persons dependent on the king.
B)claiming to have been selected directly by God to rule.
C)exercising absolute power.
D)earning the allegiance of many of their subjects through their role in the Hundred Years' War.
E)unilaterally levying taxes and maintaining a standing army.

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning the reign of Philip II is NOT accurate?

A)Philip sent the largest land army ever assembled in Europe into the Netherlands to crush Protestant-inspired opposition.
B)Philip conducted a foreign policy shaped by religious zeal.
C)Philip successfully defeated Protestant England with the use of the Spanish Armada.
D)Spain faced bankruptcy in the 1590s.
E)Philip launched an offensive against the Turks.

Question 18

The first intercontinental empire in the West since Roman times was

A)England.
B)Portugal.
C)the Netherlands.
D)Spain.
E)France.

Question 19

The descendents of Ferdinand and Isabella married into which non-Spanish family to create an empire extending from Austria to the Pacific?

A)The Hohenzollerns
B)The Jagiellonians
C)The Stuarts
D)The Hapsburgs
E)The Bourbons

Question 20

Which city replaced Antwerp as northern Europe's leasing commercial and banking city?

A)Amsterdam
B)Hamburg
C)London
D)Paris
E)Danzig

Question 21

The phrase raison d'état was invented by

A)Henry VIII.
B)Niccoló Machiavelli.
C)Cardinal Richelieu.
D)Charles V.
E)Louis XIV.

Question 22

Under the Tudors

A)more commoners entered royal service.
B)the Reformation strengthened the Parliament.
C)the monarch showed absolutist tendencies similar to those on the continent.
D)the government gained in efficiency and strength.
E)all of the above

Question 23

Louis XIV's government included all the following EXCEPT

A)regular consultations with the parlements.
B)Versailles as a palace of distractions for the aristocracy.
C)intendants as royal agents administrating the districts of France.
D)a very competent finance minister, Colbert.
E)a huge military machine with an army of 300,000.

Question 24

By 1715, all of the following were true of France EXCEPT

A)the treasury was bankrupt.
B)taxes were legally evaded by the aristocracy.
C)Protestants had been driving into exile or forced to convert.
D)the absence of censorship laws buoyed the book trade.
E)critics of state policy within the church had been marginalized.

Question 25

Catherine de' Medici

A)​encouraged religious toleration for the Huguenots in France.
B)​was one of France's most popular queens.
C)​was a member of a powerful Italian banking family.
D)​exercised great influence during the reign of her husband but lacked any power during the reigns of her sons.
E)​ordered the execution of five thousand Catholics in Paris.

Question 26

What events were part of the constitutional crisis England faced in the seventeenth century?

A)the trial and execution of Charles I
B)a Puritan republic headed by Oliver Cromwell
C)the restoration of the Stuart dynasty
D)the final establishment of parliamentary government and the rule of law
E)all of the above

Question 27

The text refers to which of the following as the most brilliant of Louis XIV's policies?

A)establishing good relations with the church
B)demonstrating the king's magnificence through ritual and architecture
C)dismissal of aristocrats as prominent advisors to the king
D)gaining the confidence and support of the French manufacturers
E)the intendant system

Question 28

When compared with their French counterparts, the main disadvantage the Stuarts had in their efforts to establish absolutism was

A)a lack of money.
B)a more powerful commercial class to contain.
C)the need for a navy.
D)a reformed church as opposed to the Catholic Church in France.
E)a much smaller population.

Question 29

In his  ​Instructions for the Dauphin ​, Louis XIV claimed that successful kingship lies in

A)Christian piety.
B)being informed of everything.
C)the pursuit of peace.
D)ensuring a prosperous peasantry.
E)religious toleration.

Question 30

The French nobility accounted for 2 percent of the population but controlled approximately what percent of the total national income?

A)75 to 85 percent
B)60 to 70 percent
C)50 percent
D)20 to 30 percent
E)15 percent

Question 31

In plotting against James II in 1688, England's elite attempted to

A)secure their ancient feudal rights with respect to the king while avoiding Puritanism and social radicalism.
B)restore the Puritan Commonwealth.
C)increase political freedom not only in England but also in Ireland and Scotland.
D)establish a modern government along French lines.
E)place power in the hands of England common people.

Question 32

By the 1660s, France had

A)enjoyed a significant victory in the Thirty Years' War.
B)emerged as Europe's leading power.
C)weathered the Fronde .
D)achieved absolutism.
E)all of the above

Question 33

Which of the following drove Louis XIV to near-bankruptcy?

A)a weak, underdeveloped economy
B)war
C)governmental corruption
D)Versailles
E)patronage of science and the arts

Question 34

In the "court and country" opposition that shaped seventeenth-century English politics country refers to

A)the peasants.
B)a loose group of merchants and rising entrepreneurs with roots in the gentry.
C)the most powerful landed aristocrats and their allies among the small gentry.
D)the most vocal patriots.
E)the bishops of the Church of England.

Question 35

Elizabeth I of England married

A)Philip II of Spain.
B)Henry III of France.
C)James VI of Scotland.
D)William of Orange.
E)none of the above

Question 36

As the English Parliament developed in the Middle Ages it offered all the following EXCEPT

A)the king a means to exercise control and raise taxes.
B)a chance to question decisions of the king.
C)knights and burgesses a venue to voice their grievances.
D)peasants a means to limit exploitation by the nobility.
E)a complement to the king in the ruling of the country.

Question 37

The Valois failure to produce a male heir led in 1589 to the coming to power in France of the

A)Hapsburgs.
B)Bourbons.
C)Hohenzollerns.
D)Tudors.
E)Capetians.

Question 38

The absolutist French monarchy did each of the following EXCEPT

A)dispatch road engineers from Paris to the provinces.
B)require local officials to look to the central government for direction.
C)control coal manufacturing.
D)show particular concern for cultural development within France.
E)confiscate the wealth of the aristocracy.

Question 39

Vindiciae contra Tyrannos (1579)was

A)a French treatise justifying the overthrow and execution of an unjust king.
B)a Huguenot pamphlet protesting oppression by the Catholic church in France.
C)a treatise written in England to justify the execution of the king.
D)written by Bartolomé de Las Casas to protest brutality against the indigenous population in Spanish America.
E)a Dutch pamphlet justifying the revolt against Spain.

Question 40

During the first English revolution, the radicals sought

A)redistribution of property.
B)voting rights for the majority of the male population.
C)abolition of religious and intellectual elites.
D)free lifestyles.
E)all of the above

Question 41

In the period roughly from 1500 to 1750

A)the modern state was invented by the sovereign states of Europe that also developed the idea of human liberty.
B)both the modern state and the idea of human liberty were created by republican states such as the Dutch Republic.
C)the modern state was invented by absolute monarchies, whereas the modern idea of human liberty was developed in Renaissance Italy.
D)republican states such as the Dutch Republic and England invented the idea of human liberty.
E)none of the above

Question 42

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
absolutism

Question 43

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Treaty of Westphalia

Question 44

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Versailles

Question 45

Over time, the constitutional system created by the Revolution of 1688-1689

A)reformed to reflect a more democratic social reality.
B)acquired a standing army.
C)yielded authority to parliamentary ministers and state officials.
D)became a viable alternative to absolutism.
E)all of the above

Question 46

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
New Christians

Question 47

The Dutch state combined all the following EXCEPT

A)the most innovative commercial and financial practices in Europe.
B)a unique urban and capitalist cultural milieu.
C)a well-defined republican government with the head of the House of Orange as limited monarch.
D)wide tolerance and the richest society in Europe.
E)a rich and politically engaged bourgeoisie.

Question 48

When Charles V ascended the Spanish throne, the manufacturing and banking center of the Spanish empire was

A)Madrid.
B)Lisbon.
C)Flanders.
D)Vienna.
E)Venice.

Question 49

In the Glorious Revolution, William of Orange and the Dutch accepted the invitation of the English Parliament because it would secure their

A)hopes to regain the lead in European commerce.
B)need for support against Louis XIV's France.
C)need for support against the renewal of Spanish attempts to recover the Netherlands.
D)hopes of acquiring large grants of land seized from Catholic nobles in Ireland.
E)expectation that some of England's New World colonies would eventually devolve to the Dutch.

Question 50

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Gallican church

Question 51

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Spanish Armada

Question 52

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
raison d'état

Question 53

The Thirty Years' War that devastated the Holy Roman Empire began when

A)the Bohemians chose a Protestant as their king.
B)the Swedish king Gustavus Augustus attacked the Empire.
C)Charles V retired to a monastery.
D)Jan Hus challenged the authority of the Catholic church.
E)Savoy, the Palatine, and the United Provinces united against the House of Hapsburg.

Question 54

In its early centuries, the Holy Roman Empire failed to develop a powerful centralized government because

A)the Emperors were preoccupied with northern Italy and the Papacy.
B)the Emperors were elected.
C)the main princes were fiercely independent.
D)the nobility was able to consolidate its control over local populations.
E)all of the above

Question 55

Absolutism in Prussia was based on an alliance between the king and

A)the nobility who were guaranteed that serfdom would be permanent.
B)immigrant Calvinists expelled from France after the revocation of the Treaty of Nantes.
C)the cities which benefitted from the Baltic trade.
D)the Lutheran church.
E)his fellow absolute monarchs in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 56

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
dynastic state

Question 57

Although the differences between Russia and the West were immense, the political arrangement in Russia resembled somewhat that in

A)France.
B)Austria.
C)United Provinces.
D)Prussia.
E)England.

Question 58

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
sovereignty

Question 59

According to the text, the last chance to unify the Holy Roman Empire under the Hapsburgs ended with

A)the loss of the Empire's northern Italian cities.
B)French victory in the Thirty Years' War.
C)the advent of the Protestant Reformation.
D)the second Turkish attack on Vienna in 1683.
E)the successful war of liberation in the Netherlands.

Question 60

According to the text, the War of Spanish Succession

A)kept the Spanish crown in the House of Hapsburg.
B)was fought throughout the Spanish Empire.
C)ended with a clear French victory.
D)made Austria into a major force in Europe and started England's rise to world power status.
E)caused the English and the Dutch to end the alliance formed in the Glorious Revolution.

Question 61

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)

Locate and label the lands belonging to the Austrian Hapsburgs, the Spanish Hapsburgs, and the Hohenzollerns.

Question 62

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Time of Troubles

Question 63

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
intendants

Question 64

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)

Locate and label the place where the Thirty Years' War began. Mark the boundary of the Holy Roman Empire in 1648.

Question 65

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
hegemony

Question 66

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hohenzollerns

Question 67

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Compare and contrast the ambitions of Philip II and Louis XIV. How successful was each in achieving his aims?

Question 68

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)

Locate and label the following: Amsterdam, Antwerp, Vienna, Berlin, Paris, Madrid, and Lisbon.

Question 69

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Discuss the significance of dynasty in the period of monarchical sovereignty.

Question 70

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)

Mark the border between Christian and Muslim lands on the Iberian peninsula in the ninth century and in 1200.

Question 71

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
stadholder

Question 72

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What factors explain the dramatic increase of Spanish power in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the dramatic decline in Spanish power in the seventeenth century?

Question 73

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s)

Locate and label two states with absolute monarchies and two of the most important of the non-absolutist states as of 1700.

Question 74

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Thirty Years' War

Question 75

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Hapsburgs

Question 76

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
constitutional monarchy

Question 77

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. The engine that drove the development of the centralized European state was war. Make an argument to support or refute this statement, and defend it with specific evidence.

Question 78

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Junker

Question 79

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. The text states that "[f]rom the thirteenth to the seventeenth century, a new and unique form of political organization emerged in the West: the dynastic, or national, state." What is meant by the "dynastic state," how did it develop, and why was it so unique?

Question 80

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the role of monarchs change during the transition to the modern state described in this chapter? Draw on two specific states to provide examples.