Deck 13: The Renaissance: Transition to the Modern Age

Question 1

Renaissance writers and artists seemed to be conscious of the novelty of their age by

A)calling the centuries that separated them from antiquity, the "Dark Ages."
B)consciously breaking with standard artistic and literary forms.
C)emulating classical forms that had been forgotten for centuries.
D)adopting a secularism virtually unknown in their time.
E)all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Who was the first to be credited with identifying the Renaissance as the beginning of the modern world?

A)Burckhardt
B)Carlyle
C)Toynbee
D)Trevelyn
E)Lelewel

Answer 2

Burckhardt

Question 3

In addition to Venice, the main powers in fifteenth century Italy were

A)Milan, Florence, and the kingdom of Naples and Sicily.
B)Genoa, Siena, Rome, the Papal States, and Naples.
C)Modena, Florence, the Papal States, Rome, and Naples.
D)Milan, the Papal States, Florence, Rome, and the kingdom of Naples and Sicily.
E)Rome and Florence.

Answer 3

Milan, the Papal States, Florence, Rome, and the kingdom of Naples and Sicily.

Question 4

Critics of Burckhardt's thesis point to all of the following EXCEPT

A)the legal and scholastic studies that flourished in Italian universities before 1300.
B)the "Twelfth-Century Awakening."
C)the revival of classical learning during the High Middle Ages.
D)the absence of links between medieval and Renaissance culture.
E)the medieval heritage of town life and trade.

Question 5

Raphael's The School of Athens

A)depicts Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek philosophers.
B)was painted to decorate the Vatican.
C)depicts classical grandeur.
D)assumed an essential harmony between Greek philosophy and Christianity.
E)all of the above

Question 6

The cities of northern Italy differed from most of the rest of Europe in all the following ways EXCEPT

A)they continued to be under the effective control of the nobility.
B)their wealth came from commerce and industry.
C)they had more regular contact with countries outside of Europe.
D)they had more visible reminders of Rome's grandeur than most other parts of Europe.
E)their internal politics meant that they had to regularly take into account the interests of small merchants and artisans.

Question 7

The word renaissance means

A)investigate.
B)rebirth.
C)renewal.
D)reconfiguration.
E)reintroduction.

Question 8

Despotic rule replaced republican governments in the Italian city-state for which of the following reasons?

A)Class warfare between rich merchants and aristocrats led each side to seek one-man rule.
B)Republican governments were short-term and unable to handle famines, plagues, and economic disasters.
C)City-states came to rely on mercenary armies in their wars with fellow city-states.
D)Mercenary leaders were willing to seize power.
E)all of the above ​

Question 9

The city-state whose republicanism gave way in the fifteenth century to the power of the Medicis was

A)Florence.
B)Bologna.
C)Milan.
D)Pisa.
E)Venice.

Question 10

The most common form of republican government in northern Italy included a chief magistrate

A)who was elected using a broad franchise.
B)whose term of office was ordinarily restricted to six months.
C)whose powers were restricted by a constitution.
D)who ruled with the advice of a large public council and a small secret council.
E)all of the above

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning Venice is correct?

A)After 1297 the chief executive offices of the states were opened to non-elites.
B)Republican Venice collapsed due to the influence of the Medicis.
C)Venice faced nearly constant upheaval and rebellion.
D)The city had an extensive maritime empire in the eastern Mediterranean.
E)Its electorate included the wealthy as well as merchants, apprentices, and poor laborers.

Question 12

The Renaissance was restricted to Italy until

A)the late fourteenth century.
B)the late fifteenth century.
C)the late sixteenth century.
D)the late seventeenth century.
E)none of the above

Question 13

From the Italian Renaissance through the Age of Enlightenment

A)every level of society experienced more continuity than change.
B)radical changes in European civilization affected only the clergy.
C)radical changes in European civilization affected only the aristocratic elites.
D)the outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages disintegrated.
E)the outlook and institutions of the Middle Ages were strengthened.

Question 14

That the Peace of Lodi lasted for forty years may be credited to

A)raison d'état .
B)leadership of the condottieri .
C)effective diplomacy.
D)the peace initiatives of the French.
E)the leadership of the pope.

Question 15

Between 1300 and 1550, most northern Italian cities

A)were organized as democracies.
B)passed through phases of republican rule followed by despotic (princely)rule.
C)fell under papal rule.
D)were ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor.
E)maintained republican governments.

Question 16

Which of the following accurately describes changes in Western civilization between 1400 and 1800?

A)Capitalism replaced medieval economies in all countries.
B)Centralized governments created new laws to strengthen feudalism.
C)Middle-class townspeople were increasingly taking the lead in economic and cultural life.
D)Revelation asserted its independence over reason.
E)Religious fragmentation was finally eradicated during the Reformation .

Question 17

Which of the following was the most common reason the city-states of northern Italy used to justify their resistance to papal interference?

A)Their primary loyalty was to the Holy Roman Emperor.
B)The Papacy had lost its legitimacy because if its move to Avignon and the Great Schism.
C)Christ denied all political jurisdiction to the clergy.
D)The pope condemned many essential business practices, such as charging interest on loans, as un-Christian.
E)They still recognized the authority of emperor in Constantinople.

Question 18

The Renaissance originated in

A)the papal territory of Rome.
B)the city-states of northern Italy.
C)commercial and trading centers of southern Germany.
D)Paris.
E)the kingdoms of southern Italy.

Question 19

The condottieri were

A)guides for long distance trade.
B)early police units of the city-states.
C)leaders of mercenary troops.
D)textile merchants.
E)military forces serving the papacy.

Question 20

Which of the following was the most common argument the city-states of northern Italy used to justify their de facto independence from the Holy Roman Empire?

A)As Italians, they should not be ruled by Germans.
B)Customary feudal subjection should be adjusted to fit a changing reality.
C)They were still loyal to the descendent of Charlemagne and believed that the Emperors of the fourteenth century were usurpers.
D)Their preference was to be dominated by the pope.
E)none of the above

Question 21

The central thesis of the Oration on the Dignity of Man was

A)man's dignity comes from the fact that God loved man so intensely that he became human and died for his sins.
B)a challenge to Papal authority after the disastrous fourteenth century.
C)a defense of republican government against the threat posed by the condottieri .
D)that God gave man the freedom to shape his own being.
E)that the human body was beautiful and should be portrayed in its natural state: nude.

Question 22

Petrarch fostered Ciceronian values primarily by

A)emphasizing the importance of rhetoric and moral philosophy.
B)emphasizing the purity of classical Latin as opposed to medieval Latin.
C)advocating the overthrow of the Holy Roman Emperor seen as another Julius Caesar.
D)defending the republican form of government.
E)rejecting Christianity and officially adopting Stoicism.

Question 23

Secularism in the Italian Renaissance meant a/an

A)denial of the validity of religion.
B)preoccupation with the pleasures and challenges of the life in this world.
C)willingness to accept different forms of Christianity.
D)active campaign against established religion.
E)return to Epicureanism.

Question 24

Humanism put in the service of republican ideal of liberty is called

A)Machiavellian.
B)civic humanism.
C)Erasmian humanism.
D)republicanism.
E)Romanism.

Question 25

The most characteristic intellectual movement of the Renaissance was

A)secularism.
B)individualism.
C)scholasticism.
D)humanism.
E)atheism.

Question 26

The Peace of Lodi endured until

A)the pope declared it null and void.
B)the Spanish king invaded southern Italy.
C)Muslim pirates attacked Venetian ships.
D)the French king invaded northern Italy.
E)The city-state of Milan attacked Florence.

Question 27

Which of the following does the text identify as having a profound effect on family structures, marriage patterns, and relations between the sexes in the Italian city-states?

A)city life
B)canon law
C)Roman law
D)a surplus of men
E)all of the above

Question 28

The new and powerful Renaissance image of man as the  magus refers to

A)man as a magician who can control nature.
B)man as magnificent and capable of political achievement.
C)man as blessed and capable of achieving salvation.
D)man as mystical and able to understand divine revelation.
E)man as a master of his own fate and legacy.

Question 29

Which of the following was characteristic of the codes of behavior that developed in Renaissance Italy?

A)the placing of greater importance on a person's birth
B)the placing of more value on what a person accomplishes than who he is
C)a rejection of personal ambition in favor of collective success
D)a narrowing of the notion of honor to include only military achievement
E)a simplicity in manner and tastes that continued to tie the elite to their roots

Question 30

Renaissance humanists' rejection of the Augustinian worldview usually involved a/an

A)rejection of the notion of Christ as the savior-god in favor of the view that Jesus was a great man, nothing more.
B)adoption of Tacitus' interpretation of the Pax Romana.
C)revival of the ancient Greek ideal of arête, human excellence.
D)denial of the compatibility of Greek philosophy and Christianity.
E)rejection of all the Church Fathers.

Question 31

Who was the author of the Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)? ​​

A)​ Lorenzo Valla
B)​ Erasmus
C)​ Baldesar Castiglione
D)​ Pico della Mirandola
E)​ Petrarch

Question 32

Which of the following statements concerning male humanists' views on women is NOT accurate?

A)Sir Thomas More forbid his daughters from acquiring education.
B)Erasmus advocated female education as a way to banish idleness at home.
C)Juan Vives argued that women should be taught virtue and cheerful obedience to their husbands.
D)Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim argued that women are not intellectually inferior to men.
E)Humanists as a whole were decidedly antifeminist.

Question 33

Both medieval scholars and Renaissance humanists valued classical writings. However

A)medieval scholars had access to far fewer sources than did Renaissance humanists.
B)medieval knowledge of Greek was rare, thus, few Greek texts were examined.
C)Renaissance humanists sought to understand classical source for their own sake and not in order to harmonize them with Christianity.
D)Renaissance humanists sought to use classical sources as a guide to an active life and not a life of contemplation.
E)all of the above ​

Question 34

The text states that individualism in Renaissance Italy

A)included concern for the masses.
B)was an ideal that was open to both men and women.
C)included a drive to win fame and glory.
D)was an ideal that was open to both rich and poor.
E)all of the above

Question 35

In The City of Ladies , Christine de Pizan argued that

A)the Virgin Mary rehabilitated the nature of all women and, therefore, women are now in all respects equal to men.
B)"the perfection of conduct and virtues" is more important than gender; thus, men and women do not differ in their social roles.
C)just as Augustine's City of God would outlast "the City of Man", so the City of Ladies will surpass male accomplishments.
D)in the environment of the Renaissance women are the de facto rulers of the more advanced societies.
E)"the perfection of conduct and virtues" is more important than gender; nevertheless, men and women still have distinctly different roles in society.

Question 36

In contrast to most of the rest of Europe, marriages in Italian cities of the Renaissance

A)occurred when both individuals were very young.
B)tended to be increasingly rare.
C)tended to take place between older men who had made their fortune and much younger women.
D)were generally longer lasting due to increased wealth and improved living conditions.
E)were based on romantic love.

Question 37

In  The Instruction of a Christian Woman , Juan Vives argued that women

A)​ should get the same education as men.
B)​ should be protected from the new learning since their natural inclination toward religion.
C)​ should receive a humanist education with the exception of rhetoric since women were not suited for leadership roles.
D)​ possessed reason but did not possess the ability to use it effectively.
E)​ presented the ideals of education and refinement toward which men should aspire.

Question 38

Most Renaissance humanists intended to

A)challenge many if not most fundamental Christian beliefs.
B)create a purer form of Christianity based on Scripture and church fathers.
C)undermine the validity of the Bible.
D)make Christianity irrelevant.
E)revitalize spirituality with its otherworldly focus.

Question 39

The text argues that elite women in the Italian city-states may have gained more freedom because

A)marriage to older men and subsequent widowhood made them economically self-sufficient.
B)so many of them made independent livings as artists.
C)women played a prominent role in the banking business.
D)their husbands were more enlightened.
E)of their lower class origins and the greater secularism of their society.

Question 40

Patronage of the arts in Renaissance Italy served

A)to manifest the power of the patron.
B)as a focus of civic pride and patriotism.
C)as a means to increase the diminishing prestige of the Papacy.
D)to provide the trappings and justification of power.
E)all of the above

Question 41

Machiavelli was particularly influenced by the works of which classical writer?

A)Livy
B)Polybius
C)Galen
D)Saint Augustine
E)Cicero

Question 42

Sir Thomas More, in his Utopia , advanced the concept that

A)some poverty is inevitable.
B)an acquisitive society eventually achieves the just distribution of goods.
C)for a just society, private property must be abolished , and greed and human cruelty should be prevented.
D)lawyers could help to design a just society.
E)Plato's perfect society was feasible.

Question 43

The Prince was written after Italy had fallen prey to which of the following two states?

A)France and Spain
B)The Ottoman Empire and France
C)The Byzantine and Ottoman Empires
D)Spain and the Turks
E)France and the Holy Roman Empire

Question 44

Leonardo da Vinci believed that the basis for a true understanding in every field lay in

A)faith in God.
B)the works of the Greeks and the Romans.
C)divine reason, Logos .
D)mathematics.
E)hard persistent work.

Question 45

Which of the following CANNOT be associated with Erasmus?

A)biting wit, criticism of scholasticism, and clerical corruption
B)education by the Brethren of the Common Life
C)a simpler Christianity based on the Bible
D)the belief that religion is not opposed to nature
E)full support for the Reformation

Question 46

The humanist credited with making Renaissance humanism an international movement was

A)Petrarch.
B)Lorenzo Valla.
C)Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
D)Desiderius Erasmus.
E)Sir Thomas More.

Question 47

The emphasis on the past in Renaissance Italy

A)​indicated the humanists' belief that the ancients had the same worldly concerns as they did.
B)​meant that humanists identified completely with antiquity.
C)​signaled support for the clerical learning of the medieval period.
D)​was undertaken for philosophical purposes only, rather than answering practical questions.
E)all of the above

Question 48

Which of the following was NOT one of the impacts of printing?

A)Books became big business, with high consumer demand.
B)Printing helped standardize written language.
C)The clerical and genteel monopoly on reading was broken.
D)Printing loosened censorship of information.
E)Printed books were much cheaper than earlier ones.

Question 49

A central theme in the work of Shakespeare was

A)the striking contradiction between a person's nobility and his capacity for evil and self-destruction.
B)the unpredictable consequences of fortune.
C)that love will always in.
D)despite elaborate facades people are fundamentally simple and well-meaning.
E)that tragedy is the main source of nobility.

Question 50

The Renaissance began to spread to Germany, France, England, and Spain in

A)the late fourteenth century.
B)the early fifteenth century.
C)the late fifteenth century.
D)the late sixteenth century.
E)none of the above

Question 51

In which of the following states did the church exercise a monopoly over humanist learning and exploit it for its own purposes?

A)Germany
B)France
C)Spain
D)Italy
E)England

Question 52

As the Renaissance spread outwards from Italy, it differed in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A)it adapted to political systems run by powerful monarchs.
B)it was altered by the impact of lay piety.
C)it was aided by the invention of moveable type.
D)it was fostered by growing prosperity and the spread of lay education.
E)it was not court centered.

Question 53

At the core of François Rabelais's  humanism was

A)a faith in the fundamental goodness of people and the need to let them be free to arrange their lives as they please.
B)a faith in the fundamental goodness of institutions and their ability to mold better individuals.
C)the need to convert spontaneous creativity to logical, precisely formulated doctrine.
D)a disillusionment with human nature and human institutions.
E)a fear of a vengeful God.

Question 54

Muslim civilization

A)​experienced a prolonged period of decline during the Middle Ages.
B)​was largely isolated from Europe until after the start of the Italian Renaissance.
C)​put little emphasis on preserving and translating Greek and Latin manuscripts.
D)​provided valuable support to the European Renaissance in the form of sources of ancient learning.
E)​lacked great libraries and learning centers similar to those of Christian Europe.

Question 55

In his studies of anatomy, Leonardo da Vinci

A)used dissections.
B)examined sexuality including male erections, a couple having sex, and the fetus in the womb.
C)discovered arteriosclerosis.
D)gathered material for more accurate art.
E)all of the above

Question 56

Which of the following fits under the heading of advice books for courtiers and would-be gentlemen in Renaissance Italy?

A)Gargantua and Pantagruel
B)The Prince
C)The Book of the Courtier
D)Utopia
E)The Colloquies of Erasmus

Question 57

Michel de Montaigne changed the character of humanism by

A)adding the principle, "the ends justify the means" in the real world.
B)inventing Christian humanism.
C)replacing optimism and civic virtue with skepticism and introspection.
D)tying it more closely to empirical research and the new science.
E)reintroducing the traditional Christian view of man as fundamentally evil.

Question 58

In The Prince , Machiavelli states that

A)it is more important to know how politics and government actually operate than how ideally they should be run.
B)a successful prince must be both wily and virtuous but must always appear virtuous even when he is not.
C)religion was not the foundation of government but simply a useful tool.
D)a new army comprised of citizens is necessary to free Italy of its invaders.
E)all of the above

Question 59

The tale of Don Quixote may be considered

A)​ a satire on the values of knighthood.
B)​ a story of an enduring romance.
C)​ an account of the valor of knights expelling Muslims from Spain.
D)​ the journal of a wandering monk.
E)​ a comedy on the follies of simple people.

Question 60

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
classical

Question 61

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
magus

Question 62

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
constitution

Question 63

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
civic humanism

Question 64

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
despotism

Question 65

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
aristocratic republic

Question 66

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
secularism

Question 67

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the country in which the following individuals lived and worked: Erasmus, Sir Thomas More, Montaigne, Rabelais, Jiménez, Shakespeare, Boccaccio, Machiavelli, Gutenberg, and Petrarch.

Question 68

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Complutensian Polyglot Bible

Question 69

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
nouveaux riches

Question 70

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
heterodox

Question 71

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
individualism

Question 72

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Italy to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the five major powers that emerged on the Italian peninsula: the kingdom of Naples and Sicily, the Papal States, Florence, Venice, and Milan.

Question 73

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
oligarchies

Question 74

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
pluralistic

Question 75

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. In what ways did the Renaissance represent each of the following: a period of rebirth, a period of transition, and a sharp break with the past?

Question 76

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
moveable type

Question 77

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
lay piety

Question 78

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
patronage

Question 79

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
republicanism

Question 80

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Utopia