Deck 7: The Roman Empire: a World-State

Question 1

Octavian's political genius was revealed through his

A)creation of a genuine restoration of the Republic.
B)reconciliation of military monarchy with republican institutions.
C)recognition that following Caesar's policies was the only way to power.
D)assumption of the title of first emperor of Rome.
E)realization that Rome needed to be purged of all that was Greek.

Answer 1

reconciliation of military monarchy with republican institutions.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of Roman marriage in the first two centuries A.D.?

A)A women could not obtain a divorce as easily as her husband.
B)The government passed no laws or decrees concerning marriage, believing it to be a private matter.
C)There is little evidence of genuine affection between husband and wife.
D)Promiscuity, adultery, divorce, and remarriage were quite rare.
E)Marriage was considered a sacred civic duty.

Answer 2

Marriage was considered a sacred civic duty.

Question 3

The Hebrew revolt under Hadrian

A)saw the Jews suffer initial defeats but ultimate victory.
B)led to the Romans renaming Judea as Syria Palestina.
C)concluded with the Roman promise that non-Jews would be prohibited from settling in Jerusalem.
D)resulted in the Romans granting the Jews unlimited access to Jerusalem.
E)all of the above

Answer 3

led to the Romans renaming Judea as Syria Palestina.

Question 4

The reign of Augustus

A)can be considered the rule of a self-seeking tyrant.
B)saw the abandonment of the old moral values and civic spirit of Rome.
C)prompted dissatisfaction on the part of the provincials.
D)demonstrates Augustus' belief that his power was a public trust delegated to him by the Roman people.
E)all of the above

Question 5

The text states that the Pax Romana came to an end with the reign of

A)Augustus.
B)Hadrian.
C)Diocletian.
D)Commodus.
E)Constantine.

Question 6

Octavian's preferred title, princeps , means

A)principal.
B)king.
C)first citizen.
D)"little boots."
E)prince.

Question 7

Roman government under Augustus included

A)the continuation of the political equality of the Republic.
B)the development of a more professional bureaucracy.
C)a reintroduction of an active democracy.
D)a hierarchy in which Roman officials had absolute authority over provincials .
E)the same predatory quality it had under the late Republic.

Question 8

All of the following contributed to the revolt in Judea EXCEPT

A)a Roman ban on the practice of Judaism.
B)the rejection by militants of Roman rule as a threat to the purity of Jewish life.
C)a feeling of religious obligation to reestablish a Jewish kingdom.
D)the army's display of banners bearing pagan images in Jerusalem under Pontius Pilate.
E)Caligula's demand for a golden statue of himself in the temple.

Question 9

All of the following indicated the rising status of women in Rome EXCEPT

A)children of divorce always remained with their mother.
B)fathers could no longer require their daughters marry against their will.
C)women could draw up wills and conduct business without the consent of their husbands.
D)Roman women were not secluded in their homes as upper-class Greek women had been.
E)women could own property and, if divorced, keep their dowries.

Question 10

The term Pax Romana applies best to

A)the reign of Augustus, ending in A.D. 14.
B)what Romans called "the Time of Happiness."
C)the stipulation that the father controlled the Roman household.
D)the comparatively uncomplicated politics of the Roman Republic.
E)the plague brought back to Rome by Marcus Aurelius' army.

Question 11

The bloody civil war, execution of two emperors, and the suicide of a third, in the mid-first century A.D.

A)was the result of a general long-term decay of military discipline.
B)permanently undermined the stability of the Empire.
C)led to the rule of Vespasian.
D)stripped away the facade of Augustan stability and revealed the bankruptcy of the imperial system.
E)was immediately followed by the "Five Good Emperors."

Question 12

The text notes that Vespasian strengthened discipline in the Roman army by

A)establishing the death penalty for disobeying a higher-ranking officer.
B)stationing troops away from their homelands and rotating officers from one post to another.
C)ending the recruitment of soldiers outside the city of Rome.
D)increasing soldiers' rations.
E)eliminating inhumane treatment of the rank and file troops.

Question 13

Nerva initiated a period of competent government by

A)establishing the Flavian dynasty.
B)initiating an adoptive system of imperial succession.
C)creating open competition for government jobs.
D)requiring that all senators begin their career by serving in the provinces.
E)introducing a system of exams for government officials.

Question 14

During the Pax Romana, slaves

A)increased in number.
B)were increasingly protected from cruel treatment by their masters.
C)were forbidden from acquiring skills.
D)could be sold into prostitution.
E)all of the above

Question 15

Augustus' policies included all of the following EXCEPT

A)grants of land and bonuses to retiring veterans.
B)construction of aqueducts for the city of Rome.
C)a grant of citizenship to all free men of the empire.
D)financing the gladiatorial contests from his own purse.
E)ending the forced requisition of supplies and the extortion of money.

Question 16

In the years 27 B.C. to A.D. 180, the Roman Empire

A)provided unparalleled peace and prosperity for the Mediterranean world.
B)enjoyed cohesion from its civil service, citizenship, and laws.
C)was grounded in Hellenic culture.
D)in many ways, fulfilled the Stoic ideal of a cosmopolis ruled by law.
E)all of the above

Question 17

The significance of Octavian's willingness to give up his powers in 27 B.C. rests in

A)the magnitude of his military failure.
B)his belief that it created legitimacy and removed his reign from the taint of despotism.
C)his hope that the Senate would proclaim him a god.
D)the fact that the Senate accepted the offer.
E)the fact that it never happened; his admirers later created this myth.

Question 18

Who was the Roman emperor whose Meditations were an eloquent expression of Stoicism?

A)Marcus Aurelius
B)Antoninus Pius
C)Hadrian
D)Trajan
E)Nerva

Question 19

During the Pax Romana, the cities of the Roman Empire

A)numbered about two thousand.
B)enjoyed considerable autonomy in local matters.
C)helped to bring Greco-Roman civilization to areas, like Britain, previously untouched by Hellenism.
D)generally enjoyed internal peace.
E)all of the above

Question 20

One may say of Roman slavery that

A)urban slaves with skills might hope for manumission.
B)freed slaves were barred from citizenship.
C)it was impossible for freed slaves to earn a respectable income, and none became wealthy.
D)although slaves might be freed, they and their children continued to suffer the loss of civic rights.
E)all mistreatment of slaves ended during the Pax Romana.

Question 21

Cicero's statement, "True law is right reason in agreement with nature; it is of universal application, unchanging and ever lasting...." most directly reflected which philosophy?

A)Platonism
B)Epicureanism
C)Stoicism
D)Christian humanism
E)Neo-Platonism

Question 22

Rome's economic weaknesses included all of the following EXCEPT

A)cumbersome transportation and slow communications.
B)reliance on slave labor and the lack of technological advancement.
C)limited employment opportunities.
D)artificially low agricultural prices and exploitation of the peasantry.
E)swift expansion of the economy due to commercial investment by greedy elites.

Question 23

Virgil's epic the Aeneid was written because

A)Virgil wanted to protest against the tyrannous rule of Augustus.
B)the Senate commissioned it when it gave Octavian the title Augustus.
C)Augustus commissioned it to glorify his role in founding the Empire.
D)he sought to compete with the popularity of Livy's History of Rome .
E)Aeneas was a popular hero who sacrificed his life in a rear guard action on a bridge over the Tiber River.

Question 24

Which of the following Roman writers was the son of a freed slave?

A)Horace
B)Ovid
C)Juvenal
D)Tacitus
E)Livy

Question 25

Which of the following is true of Roman culture during the reign of Augustus?

A)Roman writers merely imitated Greek styles and themes.
B)All Roman poets criticized imperial rule.
C)The sentiment of patriotism is absent from Roman prose and poetry.
D)Tacitus denounced Roman emperors and the imperial system.
E)none of the above

Question 26

Which of the following statements contradicts Roman law?

A)"No one is compelled to defend a cause against his will."
B)"In inflicting punishment, the age...of the guilty party must be taken into account."
C)"No one suffers a penalty for what he thinks."
D)"Justice is a constant, unfailing disposition to give everyone his legal due."
E)"The iniquities of the father shall pass on to his children to the third generation."

Question 27

The work of the Galen

A)was thoroughly disproved during the Middle Ages.
B)was synthesized in the  Almagest.
C)was preserved after the fall of the Roman Empire by Arab scholars.
D)applied rational investigation to astronomy.
E)all of the above

Question 28

In the realm of the arts, architecture, and engineering, the Romans can be credited with all the following EXCEPT

A)Roman sculpture conveyed intense realism - flattering and unflattering.
B)Roman art was unconcerned with Roman power and achievements.
C)Romans adopted and transformed Greek architecture.
D)the Romans used arches, vaults, and domes to place a new emphasis on the interiors of buildings.
E)Romans excelled in civil engineering.

Question 29

Second-century rhetorician Aelius Aristides celebrated Rome and considered himself Roman although he was

A)Jewish.
B)Greek.
C)Macedonian.
D)Egyptian.
E)Persian.

Question 30

Who was the last of the great Stoics?

A)Zeno
B)Epictetus
C)Marcus Aurelius
D)Plotinus
E)Seneca

Question 31

Which of the following statements best describes Roman popular tastes in entertainment?

A)Under the impact of Stoicism, entertainment became progressively more humane and refined.
B)The most popular forms of entertainment were gladiator fights, gymnastics, and organized team sports.
C)Over the centuries bloody spectacles became increasingly brutal and bizarre.
D)Plays, both dramas and comedies, came to dominate Roman entertainment.
E)Reflecting the diversity of the Empire, no one form of entertainment dominated.

Question 32

Quintilian's ideas on education

A)condoned flogging as an acceptable means of disciplining students.
B)cautioned instructors against praising students for doing well.
C)encouraged the assignment tasks beyond students' grasp.
D)emphasized the making of good citizens as an important goal for the instructor.
E)did not place value in rhetoric or in the development of orators.

Question 33

The former slave and important philosopher Epictetus believed that happiness arises from inner contentment. Which of the following would he say contributes to inner contentment?

A)control over one's mind
B)reduction of desires
C)independence from externals such as wealth, fame, and affection
D)a deliberate striving for inner dignity
E)all of the above

Question 34

During the Pax Romana, Roman rule

A)was universally accepted throughout the Mediterranean.
B)led to unrest in Gaul.
C)resulted in a separatist movement in Egypt that successfully won independence.
D)prompted four uprisings by the Jews in Judea.
E)did not result in the exploitation of non-Roman populations.

Question 35

The most advanced Roman astronomy held that the earth

A)was flat , and the heavens were a canopy of divine beings.
B)was round , and all heavenly bodies traveled around it in circles or sets of circles.
C)floated in an eternal sea like a log upon the ocean.
D)travelled around the sun in an elliptical orbit along with the other planets.
E)was only one of many worlds in an infinite universe.

Question 36

Over the centuries, jus civile developed from its basis, the Twelve Tables, by including all the following EXCEPT

A)statutes enacted by the assemblies.
B)legal decisions of magistrates and the emperors.
C)the basic dogmas of Roman religion.
D)commentaries of professional jurists.
E)systematic legal analysis based on Greek logic.

Question 37

Livia is one of the most famous Roman women because she

A)aided Livy in the writing of the History of Rome .
B)was mother to the Gracchi brothers.
C)was Augustus' dynamic and outspoken wife.
D)ruled briefly during the third-century crisis.
E)impelled her son Constantine to convert to Christianity.

Question 38

Like other followers of their philosophy, Roman Stoics believed that

A)moral values are obtained from reason alone.
B)all people possess reason and therefore have the potential to act morally.
C)since all people possess reason, all people belong to a common humanity.
D)a person should be self-sufficient and content by seeking wisdom and virtue.
E)all of the above

Question 39

At its height, the Roman Empire completed the Hellenistic trend towards cosmopolitanism and universalism by

A)constructing a world community that broke down nations.
B)developing a rational system of law that applied to all people.
C)its expansive conception of citizenship.
D)extending stability and order from Britain to Arabia and from the Sahara to the Danube.
E)all of the above

Question 40

The Aeneid

A)was written in the tradition of the Iliad and the Odyssey .
B)praises Roman virtues such as patriotism, devotion to family, duty to the state, and religiosity.
C)admits that the Greeks were better thinkers, sculptors, and orators.
D)claimed that only Rome had a divine mission to bring peace and order to the world.
E)all of the above

Question 41

The text states that Rome's greatest legacy to the West was

A)law.
B)architecture and engineering.
C)preserving and transforming Greek art and architecture.
D)its military prowess.
E)philosophy and science.

Question 42

The mystery religions that flooded Rome from the Near East included which of the following elements?

A)initiation rites and, often, secrecy oaths
B)attempts to unite with a deity
C)communion by, among other means, eating a sacred meal
D)the promise of immortality
E)all of the above ​

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT true of the Roman population decline?

A)Population decline was a consequence of plagues, constant warfare, and a birth rate that did not rise to compensate for losses.
B)The decline in population coincided with the spiraling costs of running the Empire.
C)The reduction of population greatly eased the problematic land hunger faced by peasants.
D)Population decline reduced the manpower available for the army.
E)Emperors allowed for the establishment of Germanic colonies within the Empire's borders to compensate for Roman population loss.

Question 44

The greatest Roman defeat since Cannae, the battle of Adrianople, was precipitated most directly by

A)the pressure of the Huns on the Visigoths.
B)mistreatment of the Visigoths by Roman officials.
C)the superiority of the Visigoth infantry over the Roman cavalry.
D)the attack of Attila the Hun.
E)a calculated abandonment of the defensive line along the Danube.

Question 45

During the 200s A.D. the Roman cities

A)were spared the raids by foreign invaders that ravaged rural lands.
B)were bastions of loyalty to Rome.
C)gained greater autonomy from taxation.
D)lost their position as the center of Roman life.
E)all of the above

Question 46

The text refers to which of the following as "perhaps the most dangerous sign for the future" of Rome during the Pax Romana?

A)the development of the jus gentium
B)spiritual paralysis
C)Germanic invasions
D)administrative division of the Empire
E)poverty

Question 47

In the Roman Empire, "feelings of loneliness, anxiety, impotence, alienation, and boredom" led to all of the following EXCEPT

A)a retreat of rationalism in society as a whole and the dwindling of creative genius.
B)philosophers seeking escape from this world through union with a divine presence.
C)the growing popularity of mystery religions.
D)growing interest in the occult, alchemy, astrology, and magic.
E)an interest in the values of classical humanism to answer questions of meaning and self-worth.

Question 48

As the Roman Empire moved towards its final fall, which of the following social trends became evident?

A)Aristocrats left the cities and secluded themselves in their country estates.
B)Increasing numbers of peasants looked to the Germans as liberators from the rapacious state.
C)Townspeople avoided public service.
D)There was a general loss on confidence and an increased focus on the spiritual.
E)all of the above

Question 49

Plotinus would DISAGREE with which of the following statements?

A)The One transcends all knowing and is the source of all being.
B)The chief goal of life was rational comprehension of the natural world and the fulfillment of human potential.
C)The true home of the soul is not in this world.
D)This world is a sea of troubles and tears.
E)Neither logic nor service to humanity could save the soul.

Question 50

Diocletian's reforms included all of the following EXCEPT

A)converting the Roman position of Emperor into an oriental despot.
B)tying peasants, unskilled workers, and artisans to their jobs.
C)revitalizing city self-government.
D)establishing colonies of Germans on vacant Roman land.
E)turning the local city elites into a class of hereditary tax collectors.

Question 51

In the first half of the fifth century A.D.

A)trade drastically declined in the western part of the Roman Empire.
B)the western border collapsed, and Germanic tribes entered the empire in large numbers.
C)cities were abandoned in Britain, Gaul, Spain, and Germany.
D)the Roman road network deteriorated.
E)all of the above

Question 52

The Roman Empire was said to have ended when

A)Diocletian died.
B)Odoacer was assassinated.
C)Romulus was placed on the throne.
D)German officers placed a German on the throne in Rome.
E)Emperor Valens died in battle.

Question 53

The granting of citizenship to nearly all free men in the Empire in 212 B.C. undermined the Roman military because

A)provincials no longer had to join the army to attain citizenship.
B)citizen-soldiers could not be disciplined as harshly as conscripts.
C)the resulting drop in tax revenues devastated the army.
D)soldiers who became citizens demanded higher pay.
E)it empowered the local elites to assert their local interests.

Question 54

Which of the following statements concerning the fall of Rome is accurate?

A)The fall of Rome was a single event that occurred in A.D. 476.
B)Multiple forces operated concurrently to bring about the fall.
C)External threats, rather than internal problems, account for the fall of Rome.
D)The effects of the fall were felt equally throughout the Roman Empire.
E)Rome maintained the loyalty of its people until the very end.

Question 55

During the fifth century A.D., which tribe made inroads in Roman North Africa?

A)the Avars
B)the  Alemanni
C)the  Ostrogoths
D)the  Visigoths
E)the  Vandals

Question 56

How did the Roman elite handle the problem of poverty?

A)Having learned from the Gracchi incidents, Rome periodically redistributed land to the landless.
B)The Roman elite totally ignored the poor.
C)Roman authorities encouraged the excess rural population to move to the cities in order to be retrained.
D)The Roman elite bought off the urban poor by providing free bread and entertainment.
E)Poverty was not a problem because the poor were regularly absorbed into the expanding armed forces.

Question 57

The cult of Mithras was particularly popular with

A)women.
B)Stoics.
C)the army.
D)poets.
E)lawyers.

Question 58

According to the text, as Rome declined

A)religious fervor increased.
B)philosophy "committed suicide" by abandoning the centrality of reason.
C)the Stoic virtue of dutiful service to humankind declined in favor of a personal quest for individual salvation.
D)Neo-Platonism replaced Stoicism as the predominant philosophy of the elite.
E)all of the above

Question 59

The third-century crisis included all the following EXCEPT

A)economic dislocation.
B)a marked decline in the quality of the Roman soldier.
C)the final collapse of the Empire.
D)the weakening of the rational foundation of Greco-Roman civilization.
E)poor leadership.

Question 60

The Roman Empire was saved from the third-century crisis most directly by the

A)efforts of two emperors: Diocletian and Constantine.
B)sudden, unexplained cessation of Germanic and Persian invasions.
C)rise of Christianity.
D)lightening of government demands on society.
E)none of the above

Question 61

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Using arrows, trace the invasion route of three of the following: the Huns; the Vandals; the Ostrogoths; the Visigoths; the Franks; the Lombards; the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.

Question 62

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pantheon

Question 63

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Use a line to mark the division between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire, and locate and label Constantinople.

Question 64

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Neo-Platonism

Question 65

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Which features of Hellenistic civilization influenced Rome, and how did Rome embody or enact those Hellenistic ideals and practices?

Question 66

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Parthians

Question 67

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Stoicism

Question 68

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Mark the boundaries of the area controlled by the Roman Empire under Augustus.

Question 69

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
jus naturale

Question 70

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
princeps

Question 71

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
principate

Question 72

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
canon law

Question 73

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
manumission

Question 74

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
tetrarchy

Question 75

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pax Romana

Question 76

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label where the following events occurred: the Battle of Actium; the volcanic eruption that covered Pompeii and Herculaneum; and the Battle of Adrianople.

Question 77

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
curiales

Question 78

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
aqueduct

Question 79

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
jus civile

Question 80

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mithraism