Deck 6: The Roman Republic: City-State to World Empire

Question 1

The Struggle of the Orders ended in 287 B.C. when

A)the issue of ranking within the Senate was permanently resolved.
B)laws passed by the Tribal Assembly no longer needed Senate approval.
C)debt slavery was eliminated from the patron-client relationship.
D)Rome extended citizenship to the Latin and the Sabines.
E)the poorest plebeians permanently left Rome.

Answer 1

laws passed by the Tribal Assembly no longer needed Senate approval.

Question 2

In the first centuries of the Republic, the consuls

A)could make decisions on their own.
B)were primarily concerned with economic matters and issues involving foreign citizens.
C)were elected for life.
D)initiated legislation but had no control over the army.
E)possessed the authority to nominate a dictator who would have absolute power for up to six months during an emergency.

Answer 2

possessed the authority to nominate a dictator who would have absolute power for up to six months during an emergency.

Question 3

The First Punic War began because

A)Carthage appeared to be economically weak and susceptible to Roman power.
B)Rome was concerned that Carthage would take Messana in Sicily and interfere with Roman trade.
C)Hannibal led troops into Spain.
D)both Rome and Carthage were interfering in Greece.
E)having tasted power, Rome consciously sought out the war.

Answer 3

Rome was concerned that Carthage would take Messana in Sicily and interfere with Roman trade.

Question 4

Rome's rise to great power status followed which sequence of events?

A)Unification of the Italian peninsula, the defeat of Carthage, subjugation of Hellenistic states
B)Unification of the Italian peninsula, conquest of Gaul, seizure of Egypt
C)Defeat of Carthage, unification of the Italian peninsula, conquest of Gaul
D)Defeat of Carthage, subjugation of Hellenistic states, seizure of Egypt
E)Conquest of Gaul, subjugation of Hellenistic states, seizure of Egypt

Question 5

The author would agree with all of the following statements about the constitution of the Roman Republic EXCEPT

A)​ it was created incrementally in a pragmatic and empirical manner.
B)​ the constitution of the Roman Republic resembled more the American constitution than the British.
C)​ a process of rationalization and secularization disentangled the Roman government from religion.
D)​ the law passed from priests to professional jurists who analyzed, classified, systematized, and sought common-sense solutions to legal problems.
E)​ though retaining many religious ceremonies out of respect for tradition, the Romans rarely looked for divine guidance in government.

Question 6

The text indicates that Rome's greatest achievement was

A)its military conquest of the Mediterranean.
B)using military victory, law, and government to unite the nations of the Mediterranean into a world-state.
C)furthering the development of Hellenistic philosophy and science.
D)in the realm of civil engineering and technology.
E)developing a religion that blended the Hebrew tradition and Greek rationalism.

Question 7

The patron-client relationship that existed between patrician and plebeian in early Rome involved

A)supplying the client with food.
B)providing the patron with military and political support.
C)supplying the client with money.
D)supplying the client with protection.
E)all of the above

Question 8

Factors contributing to Rome's conquest of Italy include all the following EXCEPT

A)the absence of truly civilized, sophisticated opponents.
B)a hunger for farmland as well as the dedication and skill of farmer-soldiers.
C)the aristocratic value placed on glory and reputation.
D)harsh military discipline.
E)a willingness to accept former enemies as allies or citizens.

Question 9

The city of Carthage was located in

A)Palestine.
B)Spain.
C)Greece.
D)North Africa.
E)Sicily.

Question 10

The Roman aristocracy's view of liberty

A)involved competition for political power and privilege.
B)included the freedom to achieve virtue, dignity, and fame.
C)was aptly summed up by Cicero.
D)always remained elitist.
E)all of the above

Question 11

The Roman Struggle of the Orders primarily involved

A)rivalry between the priests of Apollo and Juno.
B)issues of senatorial ranking.
C)disagreement between the lower classes of Rome and the aristocracy.
D)contention between Latins and Sicilians.
E)stresses in the patron-client relationship.

Question 12

The composition of the Twelve Tables was a political victory for the plebeians because

A)the Tables established the office of Tribune.
B)the Tables ordered the redistribution of public lands to the plebeians.
C)the Tables gave plebeians the right to hold high political offices.
D)having a written law prevented patrician officials from interpreting customary law in an arbitrary way.
E)all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following did the Romans borrow from the Etruscans?

A)skills in road construction
B)metallurgy
C)styles of portrait sculpture
D)symbols of authority and rule
E)all of the above

Question 14

Plebeian grievances in the very early Roman republic included all of the following EXCEPT

A)debt slavery.
B)the ban on intermarriage with patricians.
C)the granting of citizenship to non-Romans.
D)discrimination against plebeians in the courts.
E)the absence of a written law code.

Question 15

When Rome's army had been decimated by Hannibal and the Carthaginians stood poised to attack the city, Rome was able to win the war by

A)avoiding another battle and waiting until Hannibal was forced to withdraw to Carthage for lack of supplies.
B)negotiating a peace and returning Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica to Carthage.
C)raising a new army and attacking the Carthaginian homeland.
D)combining with its allies and pushing Hannibal back across the Alps.
E)importing the Great Mother Goddess from Asia Minor and reestablishing the dominance of religion in the state.

Question 16

The Centuriate Assembly in the early Roman Republic

A)served as a counterweight to patrician power in the Senate.
B)was a popular assembly dominated by the patricians.
C)consisted only of patricians.
D)elected the Tribunes.
E)was the principal organ of patrician power.

Question 17

The Etruscans

A)are believed to have originated in Gaul.
B)fought a series of wars with the Romans that began the Roman Empire.
C)had little influence on Roman religion, language, and government.
D)lost political power in Italy but were able to defeat the Celts and Greeks.
E)controlled the Roman monarchy during the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.

Question 18

Rome became a republic when

A)measures passed by the Tribal Assembly had the force of law.
B)the plebeians won the right to elect Tribunes.
C)the dictator Julius Caesar was assassinated.
D)the patricians overthrew the Etruscan king.
E)Roman peasants settled on the seven hills.

Question 19

The Italian Confederation​

A)failed to prevent internecine wars within the peninsula.​
B)was unable to suppress internal revolutions within city-states.
C)was a source of contention because the Romans did not grant all Italians a share of the plunder of wars of conquest.
D)protected the Italians from barbarian invaders from the north.
E)none of the above ​

Question 20

Romans were shocked by their defeat at the hands of Hannibal at

A)Zama.
B)Cannae.
C)Carrhae.
D)Philippi.
E)Allia.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is INACCURATE?

A)Plautus produced comedies that resembled Greek models, such as Menander's , and usually provided endings desired by audiences.
B)The native North African, Terence, wrote plays that showed, among other things, a liberal understanding attitude towards children.
C)Catullus was one of the greatest lyric poets in world literature.
D)Lucretius, an Epicurean philosopher, questioned the Roman ideal of virtue; he did not consider power and glory as worthy goals.
E)Even Roman conservatives embraced the Greek influence on Roman culture.

Question 22

When Sulla and his troops marched on Rome

A)he did it with Senatorial support.
B)Marius was his ally.
C)it was the first march on Rome by a commander and his troops.
D)it ended a period of civil war.
E)they were defeated by Marius, and Sulla was forced to retire to the country.

Question 23

Polybius observed that

A)Roman soldiers seldom displayed symbols of valor because of their modesty.
B)a court-martialed soldier is allowed to return to his home to resume civilian life, and his misdeeds are never spoken of again.
C)the absence of severe punishment in the Roman army helped to maintain excellent discipline.
D)valor in the Roman army was rewarded by public praise and specific material prizes.
E)all of the above

Question 24

In the century after the Gracchi, Roman politics

A)stabilized and returned the Republic to a period of greatness.
B)saw the Tribal Assembly successfully undermine the power of the Senate.
C)included the rise of demagogues who regularly won the office of consul.
D)witnessed the emergence of champions of reform who charmed the poor with bread and circuses.
E)involved a greater representation of the lower classes, who were now politically astute thanks to the reduced unemployment in Rome.

Question 25

After 146 B.C., the principal concerns of the Republic included

A)foreign invasions.
B)abandoning the city-state institutions in favor of new models of governance.
C)developing a civil service to administer the Mediterranean world.
D)overcoming critical social and political problems at home.
E)all of the above

Question 26

The major result of Marius' reforms was

A)converting the army from an instrument of the government to the private tool of ambitious generals.
B)the revitalization of Roman's class of farmer-soldiers.
C)Sulla's retirement.
D)the permanent establishment of the triumvirate thus spreading the burden of governing a vast empire.
E)the Social War.

Question 27

Which of the following statements about slavery in ancient Rome is INCORRECT?

A)Regarded as animate tools, Roman slaves always viewed their masters with antagonism and resentment.
B)Rome's wars in the first century B.C. produced millions of new slaves.
C)By the middle of the first century, slaves were about one-third of Italy's population.
D)Unless very poor, a Roman would be likely to own a slave.
E)Most educated Romans believed that the division between masters and slaves was part of the natural world order.

Question 28

The collection of public revenues in the Republic

A)was inherited by the patricians, increasing their wealth.
B)was carefully monitored to ensure that collectors did not make exorbitant profits.
C)included the collection of customs duties, rents on public lands, and tribute in the provinces.
D)was managed by Rome's professional civil service.
E)all of the above

Question 29

The text characterizes Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus as

A)radicals aiming to overthrow existing political and property relations.
B)moderate reformers trying to deal with real social problems.
C)intransigent defenders of the great landowners'  interests.
D)Carthaginian agents.
E)two ambitious generals whose thirst for power led to civil war.

Question 30

The new concept and practice of jus gentium

A)resulted from Roman conquests and the incorporation of selective foreign ideas into the Roman legal system.
B)referred to the " law of nations."
C)was gradually applied throughout the Empire.
D)combined, in part, Greek legal experience and Roman pragmatism.
E)all of the above

Question 31

The Gracchi brothers' central demand-for which they were killed-was the

A)distribution to the poor of government land that the wealthy held illegally.
B)inclusion of the Tribunes in the Senate.
C)extension of citizenship to all free Italians.
D)limitation of the power of dictators such as Sulla and Caesar.
E)expulsion of all philosophers from Rome.

Question 32

Rome ' s conquest of the eastern Mediterranean in the second century B.C. led to

A)acceleration of Hellenization.
B)a solidification of the social structure that did not allow for new classes.
C)a great reduction of Roman wealth due to the costs of war.
D)the denial of citizenship to the defeated Hellenistic peoples.
E)a prohibition against slavery.

Question 33

Slave revolts in the Roman Republic

A)were common.
B)did not cause the Roman much fear or difficulty.
C)were always quickly subdued because the slaves were unable to defeat the Romans.
D)devastated Sicily and southern Italy before being subdued.
E)did not result in harsh punishment of defeated slaves because of the Romans'  belief in the importance of mercy.

Question 34

In order to gain political prominence, Caesar embarked on the conquest of

A)Greece.
B)Gaul.
C)Pontus.
D)Persia.
E)Spain.

Question 35

Which of the following CANNOT be associated with the agricultural crisis of the late Republic?

A)Latifundia, worked by slaves, squeezed out the peasantry.
B)Egyptian grain undermined Roman agricultural prices.
C)Prolonged warfare in Italy had destroyed numerous farms.
D)Wars had forced Rome's farmer-soldiers to seriously neglect their farms.
E)The agricultural crisis created a vast poor, alienated, and embittered class.

Question 36

Cicero's Stoicism

A)was praised by the Founding Fathers of the United States.
B)saw how Stoicism's emphasis on duty and virtue coincided with Roman ideals.
C)saw the connection between Stoicism's doctrine of natural law and Rome's administration of an empire.
D)included an admiration of the Stoic goal of the self-sufficient sage.
E)all of the above

Question 37

Sulla did each of the following EXCEPT

A)act with great cruelty to those who had opposed him.
B)retire after his reforms of the Republic.
C)seize property of his opponents.
D)abolish the Senate.
E)limit the powers of the tribunes, Assembly, and provincial governors.

Question 38

The Second Punic War resulted in, or contributed, to

A)successful Roman imperialism fueled by strategic and political considerations.
B)a series of wars with Macedonia, a Carthaginian ally.
C)a Roman obsession to completely destroy a now non-threatening Carthage.
D)extensive economic, social, and cultural changes in Rome.
E)all of the above

Question 39

As many Romans embraced Stoicism, they were adopting a philosophy that concluded all of the following EXCEPT

A)reason is common to all men and distinguishes them from the beasts.
B)all men are fundamentally equal because they all share in reason.
C)reason common to man always leads to the same conclusion.
D)all human beings can attain virtue.
E)natural law means that all people belong to a single commonwealth.

Question 40

Each of the following accurately describes the Republic's administration of the Empire EXCEPT

A)Rome maintained peace; built roads, aqueducts, and public buildings; and spread Greek culture.
B)while often extending citizenship to Italians, Rome seldom extended it to those outside of Italy.
C)Roman discipline and values ensured a government nearly free of corruption.
D)Rome usually permitted a large degree of local and self-government and local religious beliefs and practices.
E)areas that formerly had suffered endemic warfare enjoyed peace under Roman administration.

Question 41

Julius Caesar's reforms included

A)eliminating slavery.
B)restricting Roman citizenship to Romans only.
C)raising taxes to increase the wealth of the state.
D)a public works program.
E)granting greater autonomy to provincial governors.

Question 42

Scholars would agree with each of the following statements EXCEPT

A)the climax of Roman development occurred under the Republic.
B)the old sense of Roman virtue had been lost by the first century B.C.
C)the old threat of foreign enemies such as Carthage had encouraged stability and cooperation for the good of the state.
D)by the first century, soldiers gave their loyalty to commanders rather than to Rome.
E)despite the influence of Greek rationalism, the city-state constitutional of the Republic was unable to manage Rome's empire.

Question 43

After the death of Julius Caesar, proscriptions

A)urged citizens to be calm.
B)declared certain Roman citizens to be outlaws.
C)called patriotic Romans to the armies of Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian.
D)were posted and publicly read to explain why a dictator had to be eliminated.
E)gave immunity to Caesar's assassins.

Question 44

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
plebeians

Question 45

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Senate

Question 46

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Social War

Question 47

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Spartacus revolt

Question 48

The first emperor of Rome was

A)Julius Caesar.
B)Claudius.
C)Marcus Junius Brutus.
D)Octavian.
E)Tiberius.

Question 49

Cleopatra is credited with

A)viewing herself as Egyptian rather than Greek.
B)being Caesar's mistress and bearing him a son.
C)being Octavian's mistress and bearing him twins.
D)conquering Palestine and Lebanon despite Rome's opposition.
E)all of the above ​

Question 50

Which best describes events in the two decades following Caesar's death?

A)The Senate permanently regained control of the empire.
B)A long period of peace occurred.
C)The Roman Republic ended.
D)Marc Antony and Octavian formed a duumvirate, under which Rome prospered.
E)The Senate named Marc Antony dictator for life.

Question 51

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Struggle of the Orders

Question 52

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Gracchan Revolution

Question 53

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
the Twelve Tables

Question 54

Which of the following was the site of a successful battle of the Roman navy against Marc Antony and Cleopatra?

A)Cannae
B)Rhodes
C)Actium
D)Balearics
E)Mylae

Question 55

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Tribal Assembly

Question 56

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
patricians

Question 57

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
On the Nature of Things

Question 58

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
virtus, dignitas, fama

Question 59

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
jus gentium

Question 60

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Etruscans

Question 61

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Mark the boundaries of the Roman state at the end of the Republic in 44 B.C.

Question 62

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. What are the main features of the Roman constitution? Was the Roman more similar to Sparta or Athens in its political values and practices?

Question 63

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. To what extent did Rome move beyond the concept of the polis? Provide specific evidence to support your conclusion.

Question 64

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How was the Mediterranean region affected by the Roman conquest?

Question 65

Key Terms Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
triumvirate

Question 66

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the attitudes and policy positions of the senatorial elite in the late Roman Republic accelerate the collapse of that republic?

Question 67

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the acquisition of empire change Rome, politically, socially, and economically?

Question 68

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the territory of Gaul and the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily.

Question 69

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Why were the lower classes of Rome dissatisfied in the first century B.C.? How did they express their dissatisfaction, and how did the state respond?

Question 70

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the city of Carthage and the site of the Battle of Cannae.

Question 71

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Contemporary Western opinion holds that the military and political spheres must remain separate. Explain how the history of the Roman Republic could be used to support this view.

Question 72

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. How did the Punic Wars change the values and practices of the Roman Republic?

Question 73

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Was the collapse of the Roman Republic the result of the failure of traditional institutions or the failure of leadership to solve the Republic's crises? Defend your position with specific evidence.

Question 74

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).
Locate and label the city of Rome, the Tiber River, and the area inhabited by the Etruscans.

Question 75

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Evaluate the major influences other peoples had on the Romans during their earliest period and during the Republic.