Deck 13: Contraception and Abortion

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT a method of contraception used by ancient Egyptians?

A) Inserting a tampon that had been soaked in herbal liquid and honey into the vagina
B) Inserting a mixture of crocodile feces, sour milk, and honey into the vagina
C) Fumigating the female genitalia with various mixtures
D) Ingesting natural hormones found in yam roots to prevent ovulation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In the United States, White women are more likely to use _______, while Black and Hispanic women are more likely to use _______.

A) the pill, condoms
B) injectables or hormonal methods, condoms
C) the pill, injectables or hormonal methods
D) condoms, the pill

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Factoring in the FDA approval process, what is the estimated time it takes to develop a new contraceptive method?

A) 2-4 years
B) 5-7 years
C) 10-14 years
D) 14-20 years

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How does the amount of hormone released through the NuvaRing compare to other hormonal contraceptive methods?

A) The NuvaRing releases higher levels of both progesterone and estrogen compared to other hormonal methods.
B) The NuvaRing offers about equal levels of hormones compared to other hormonal methods.
C) The NuvaRing releases lower levels of hormones compared to other hormonal methods.
D) The NuvaRing does not release any hormones into the body as it protects against pregnancy by acting as a cervical barrier.

Question 5

The following statement is descriptive of the contraceptive sponge:

A) A prescription is required to obtain a contraceptive sponge.
B) The sponge is inserted after intercourse and soaks up the male ejaculate.
C) In order to have maximum effectiveness, the sponge should be left in for 6 hours after intercourse.
D) Women who have already had children have higher effectiveness rates using the sponge.

Question 6

When were birth control pills approved for use in Japan?

A) 1969
B) 1979
C) 1989
D) 1999

Question 7

What should users of the contraceptive patch be aware of?

A) Users are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
B) Users are at higher risk for blood clots.
C) Users have a high risk for skin infections at the site of the patch.
D) Users have a higher risk for pregnancy as it is only 80% effective.

Question 8

What statement regarding cervical barrier methods is FALSE?

A) They affect hormone levels and inhibit ovulation.
B) They can increase the risk of toxic shock syndrome and urinary tract infections.
C) They can be inserted prior to sexual activity, increasing spontaneity.
D) They require the use of spermicide to increase effectiveness.

Question 9

What statement is an accurate description of the female condom?

A) It is composed of two rings joined by a sheath.
B) It is made of rubber or latex.
C) It can be used more than once.
D) It must be fitted by a physician.

Question 10

What statement is an accurate description of condoms?

A) People who have latex allergies are not able to use condoms.
B) Condoms have been used since the beginning of recorded history.
C) Male condoms cost approximately $3-4 per condom.
D) Condoms can be placed on the penis before or after erection.

Question 11

Contraceptive use around the world is related to:

A) knowledge of contraception.
B) religious teachings.
C) gender roles in the culture.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 12

Extended cycle birth control pills, such as Seasonale or Lybrel, are designed to reduce which of the following?

A) The amount of testosterone in the female body
B) The number of eggs produced each cycle
C) The number of menstrual cycles experienced in a given year
D) The number of pills that must be taken each month to prevent pregnancy

Question 13

What is the leading cause of breakage in male condoms?

A) Failure to use lubricant
B) Using the wrong kind of lubricant
C) Using condoms after the expiration date
D) Failure to leave ample space at the tip for ejaculate

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a hormonal method of birth control?

A) Seasonale
B) Ortho Evra patch
C) NuvaRing
D) ParaGard

Question 15

Which of the following is safe to use as a lubricant with latex condoms?

A) Baby oil
B) Water
C) Vegetable oil
D) Hand lotion

Question 16

All of the following statements are true about the use of male condoms EXCEPT:

A) they may reduce the incidence of early ejaculation.
B) they enhance the sexual sensation for both the male and female.
C) they encourage male participation in birth control.
D) they offer the most protection from sexually transmitted infections.

Question 17

What is the primary way that combination birth control pills work to prevent pregnancy?

A) They create an artificial barrier to the cervix.
B) They release chemicals that deactivate sperm.
C) They prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus.
D) They cause mucus to form in the Fallopian tubes, blocking fertilization.

Question 18

What year was the birth control pill approved as a contraceptive method in the United States?

A) 1948
B) 1957
C) 1960
D) 1973

Question 19

Birth control pills are not advised for someone with what condition?

A) Circulatory problems
B) Heart disease
C) Diabetes
D) All of these are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a barrier method?

A) IUD
B) Diaphragm
C) Cervical cap
D) Condom

Question 21

What is the name of the device placed just under the skin in the arm that uses time-released hormones to prevent pregnancy for up to 3 years?

A) Depo-Provera
B) Implanon
C) Mirena
D) NuvaRing

Question 22

All of the following statements are true regarding GyneFix EXCEPT:

A) it is an IUD.
B) it has been used for many years in countries such as England, Asia, Canada, Latin America, and Africa.
C) it was recently FDA approved for use in the United States.
D) it contains a flexible row of copper beads.

Question 23

What is the closest range of common effectiveness rates for spermicides used alone?

A) 40% to 50%
B) 50% to 60%
C) 70% to 80%
D) 80% to 90%

Question 24

What is the most commonly used contraceptive method in the world?

A) Condoms
B) Birth control pills
C) Female sterilization
D) Withdrawal

Question 25

How does female sterilization work to prevent pregnancies?

A) The uterus is removed so a fertilized ovum cannot implant.
B) The Fallopian tubes are blocked so that ovum and sperm cannot meet.
C) The ovaries are cauterized so that eggs cannot be released.
D) A coil is placed inside the cervix so sperm cannot enter.

Question 26

All of the following are ways that emergency contraception works to prevent pregnancy EXCEPT:

A) inhibiting ovulation.
B) thickening cervical mucus.
C) making the endometrium less hospitable for implantation.
D) causing a fertilized egg to be reabsorbed into the body.

Question 27

Where are intrauterine devices (IUDs) placed in a woman's body?

A) Vagina
B) Fallopian tubes
C) Ovaries
D) Uterus

Question 28

What is a benefit of natural family planning methods?

A) They provide protection from STIs.
B) They increase spontaneity in sexual intercourse.
C) They help couples predict fertility.
D) They have a high effectiveness rate as typically used.

Question 29

If you were using the natural family planning method, when would you be likely to abstain from sexual intercourse or use an alternative contraceptive method?

A) When the cervical mucus is thickest
B) When the cervical mucus is not present and the vagina seems more dry
C) When the cervical mucus is thin and stretchy
D) This method is not related to cervical mucus but keeping track of the menstrual cycle.

Question 30

Which of the following emergency contraceptive methods does not use hormones?

A) Plan B
B) The morning after pill
C) Ella
D) Mirena

Question 31

After a vasectomy, a man:

A) will no longer ejaculate.
B) is sterile immediately.
C) will have difficulty achieving an erection for two to three months after surgery.
D) will continue to produce viable sperm, but it will not be mixed with semen.

Question 32

Increased contraceptive availability has lead experts to predict that by 2030, ______ will have some of the highest growth rates of contraceptive use in the world.

A) Africa
B) Asia
C) Europe
D) South America

Question 33

All of the following statements are true related to the progestin-only pill EXCEPT:

A) minipills can safely be used by women who smoke.
B) minipills are taken every day with no hormone-free days.
C) minipills contain higher hormone levels than the combination birth control pills.
D) minipills require strict regularity in pill taking in order to maintain effectiveness.

Question 34

If a woman wanted a longer term contraception that was reversible and contained no hormones, what would be her best choice?

A) ParaGard IUD
B) Mirena IUD
C) Implanon
D) Skyla

Question 35

What are factors associated with the increase in use of IUDs in the United States in recent years?

A) Increased advertising for IUDs
B) More health care providers trained in insertion and removal techniques
C) Immigration from areas where IUDs are more popular
D) All of these are correct.

Question 36

What is an advantage of Depo-Provera?

A) It does not require a prescription.
B) It provides protection for up to 5 years.
C) It does not interfere with spontaneity.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 37

Which group of women may experience lower effectiveness rates with hormonal methods of birth control?

A) Women ages 15-19
B) Women over 35
C) Women who are significantly overweight
D) Women who are significantly underweight

Question 38

If a couple wants to prevent pregnancy and avoid STIs, what is the most reliable choice?

A) Male or female sterilization
B) Abstinence
C) Birth control pills
D) Condoms

Question 39

All of the following are true statements concerning progestin-only birth control methods EXCEPT:

A) they can be in the form of minipills.
B) Implanon is a subdermal implant.
C) Depo-Provera is an injectable.
D) Nexplanon is an injectable.

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the male sterilization procedure?

A) It is more common in the United States than female sterilization.
B) It costs about twice as much as female sterilization.
C) It involves lower rates of complications than female sterilization.
D) It is performed as an inpatient treatment whereas female sterilization is done as an outpatient procedure.

Question 41

Statistically speaking, who is more likely to have an abortion in the United States?

A) A 15-year-old
B) A 23-year-old
C) A 34-year-old
D) A 42-year-old

Question 42

Combined hormone methods use a blend of hormones to suppress ovulation and thicken the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from joining the ______.

A) vulva
B) ovum
C) vagina
D) oviduct

Question 43

What statement is descriptive of men's reactions to abortion?

A) Men do not typically want to be involved in an abortion decision.
B) Men often do not discuss the pregnancy with anyone other than their partner.
C) Men do not experience the sense of loss from an abortion because their bodies do not experience the physical changes associated with pregnancy and abortion.
D) Women who are still in a relationship with their male partner do not typically get abortions.

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding a first-trimester vacuum aspiration abortion is FALSE?

A) It typically involves local anesthesia.
B) It can be performed up to 16 weeks after a woman's last period.
C) It usually takes 4-6 minutes.
D) Recovery typically requires a 1-day hospital stay.

Question 45

What condition may put a woman at risk for developing a negative psychological reaction following an abortion?

A) Being older
B) Having no religious background
C) Having an early abortion procedure
D) Having a difficult time making the decision

Question 46

A preparation of synthetic female hormones that blocks ovulation is called ____________.

A) sterilization
B) condoms
C) oral contraceptive
D) infertility

Question 47

A type of oral contraceptive that contains two different doses of hormones in the active pills is called a ______.

A) continuous birth control pill
B) biphasic pill
C) monophasic pill
D) combination birth control pill

Question 48

What is a common reason cited for a second-trimester abortion?

A) Fetal deformities
B) Marital difficulties
C) Financial problems
D) All of these are correct.

Question 49

Abortion has been practiced throughout history. In fact, Aristotle viewed abortion as a backup to contraception. When did he believe life begins?

A) At the moment of conception
B) When crucial organs were formed
C) When the mother felt the baby move
D) At the moment of birth

Question 50

What has been found related to cross-cultural factors and abortion statistics?

A) Countries that have more liberal abortion laws have lower rates of abortion.
B) Countries that have more liberal abortion laws have higher rates of abortion.
C) Nearly 90% of abortions worldwide involve legal abortion procedures.
D) Women in all countries have primary decision-making capacity over abortion.

Question 51

A type of oral contraceptive that contains three different doses of hormones in the active pills is called a ________.

A) triphasic pill
B) biphasic pill
C) monophasic pill
D) continuous birth control pill

Question 52

When were birth control pills approved as a contraceptive method in United States?

A) 1970
B) 1960
C) 1950
D) 1975

Question 53

What is one of the most common physiological symptoms following an abortion performed within the first trimester?

A) Heavy bleeding
B) Cervical laceration
C) Uterine perforation
D) Night sweats

Question 54

What are the contents of combination birth control pills?

A) Synthetic estrogen
B) Progestin
C) Luteinizing hormone
D) a and b

Question 55

Combined hormone methods have been found to be _______ to most women.

A) effective
B) safe
C) both safe and effective
D) unsafe

Question 56

What should be used to protect against an STI?

A) Condoms
B) Pills
C) Both condoms and pills
D) Any method of birth control

Question 57

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Vasalgel?

A) In the United States, it is available over the counter for men 18 years of age and older.
B) It uses hormones to reduce the motility of sperm.
C) It will cause an abortion if a fertilized egg is already implanted in the uterus.
D) It is a gel polymer that is injected into the vas deferens, does not require surgery, and is reversible.

Question 58

Who was the first to envision oral contraceptives?

A) Sanger
B) Gaffield
C) Hatcher
D) McCormick

Question 59

A medication abortion works by:

A) causing the cervix to dilate, so the pregnancy cannot be sustained.
B) stopping the development of the growing embryo.
C) causing a breakdown in the uterine lining and uterine contractions that expel the fetus.
D) causing the body to have an immunological reaction to the fetus, which causes expulsion.

Question 60

A type of oral contraceptive that contains one level of hormones in all the active pills is called a ______.

A) continuous birth control pill
B) monophasic pill
C) biphasic pill
D) combination birth control pill

Question 61

Which of the following terms refers to the probability of contraceptive failure when used without error?

A) Effectiveness rate
B) Perfect use rate
C) Typical use rate
D) Lactational amenorrhea method

Question 62

Slight blood loss from the uterus that may occur when a woman is taking birth control pills is known as ___________.

A) breakthrough bleeding
B) menopause bleeding
C) vaginal bleeding
D) hyperplasia

Question 63

The actual day that the first pill is taken in a pack of oral contraceptives is called the ________.

A) new day
B) pill day
C) start day
D) placebo day

Question 64

An oral contraceptive that contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone is called a_____.

A) continuous birth control pill
B) monophasic pill
C) biphasic pill
D) combination birth control pill

Question 65

Chemical methods of contraception, including creams, gels, foams, suppositories, and films, that work to reduce the survival of sperm in the vagina are called ______.

A) postcoital drip
B) nonoxynol-9
C) microbicide
D) spermicide

Question 66

Which contraceptive device is similar to a diaphragm, but smaller?

A) Cervical cap
B) Cervical barrier
C) Microbicide
D) FemCap

Question 67

The estimated rates of the number of women who do not become pregnant each year using each method of contraception is the _______.

A) lactational amenorrhea method
B) typical use rate
C) effectiveness rate
D) perfect use rate

Question 68

A chemical that works by inhibiting sperm function, is effective against HIV and other STIs, and not harmful to the vaginal or cervical cells is called ______.

A) microbicide
B) cervical barrier
C) diaphragm
D) spermicide

Question 69

Which contraceptive device consisting of a latex dome on a flexible spring rim is used with spermicidal cream or jelly?

A) FemCap
B) Diaphragm
C) Cervical cap
D) Cervical barrier

Question 70

What is vaginal discharge that occurs after sexual intercourse?

A) Postcoital drip
B) Nonoxynol-9
C) Microbicide
D) Spermicide

Question 71

What term defines the probability of contraceptive failure for less than perfect use of the method?

A) Effectiveness rate
B) Perfect use rate
C) Typical use rate
D) Lactational amenorrhea method

Question 72

Which reusable silicone barrier vaginal contraceptive comes in three sizes?

A) Lea's shield
B) Diaphragm
C) Cervical barrier
D) FemCap

Question 73

What is a plastic or rubber cover for the cervix that provides a contraceptive barrier to sperm?

A) Microbicide
B) Cervical cap
C) Cervical barrier
D) FemCap

Question 74

What is a method of avoiding pregnancies based on the postpartum infertility that many women experience when they are breast-feeding?

A) Lactational amenorrhea method
B) Contraception
C) Spermicide
D) Effectiveness rate method

Question 75

What can be used to prevent pregnancy and protect against sexually transmitted infections?

A) Spermicide
B) Microbicide
C) Nonoxynol-9
D) Postcoital drip

Question 76

What sterilization procedure involves burning or searing the Fallopian tubes or vas deferens for permanent sterilization?

A) Sterilization
B) Ligation
C) Cauterization
D) Tubal sterilization

Question 77

Which contraceptive method causes permanent infertility?

A) Sterilization
B) Cauterization
C) Tubal sterilization
D) All of these are correct.

Question 78

A reusable silicone barrier vaginal contraceptive that contains a one-way valve is called a _____.

A) diaphragm
B) Lea's shield
C) cervical barrier
D) FemCap

Question 79

Which pills are sugar pills and do not contain any hormones?

A) Continuous birth control pills
B) Monophasic pills
C) Biphasic pills
D) Placebo pills

Question 80

The first available contraceptive methods for Americans included condoms and withdrawal. When did more modern methods such as birth control become available?

A) 1950
B) 1955
C) 1960
D) early 1970s