Deck 17: Power and Coercion

Question 1

Which of the following is a reason that rape is commonly committed in other cultures?

A) As an initiation rite
B) As a way to prove manhood
C) As punishment for infidelity
D) All of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following are associated with an increased likelihood of committing sexual assault EXCEPT:

A) being a victim of abuse as a child.
B) high levels of impulsivity.
C) holding more liberal political views.
D) high levels of rape myth acceptance.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is one outcome of the Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act?

A) Individuals found guilty of sexual assault receive automatic expulsion from college.
B) Victims of sexual assault receive a monetary compensation to cover counseling fees.
C) Schools are required to educate students, faculty, and staff on the prevention of rape, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
D) All of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

________________ involves one person, either physically or under threat of violence, forcing another individual into vaginal, oral, or anal penetration.

A) Sexual harassment
B) Unwanted sexual contact
C) Sexual violence
D) Forced penetration

Question 5

What is a common characteristic of a sexual violence perpetrator?

A) Typically married with a family
B) Typically have higher education levels
C) Typically rape to release sexual tension related to their insecurities
D) Typically are serial offenders with an average of six victims

Question 6

How does the controversial Rapex female condom work to discourage rape?

A) Its metal barbs hook into the penis, disabling the man.
B) It produces a distinctive, strong odor that makes the man easily identifiable.
C) It releases an indelible dye, making the man easily identifiable.
D) Its outward-facing plastic ribs prevent penile penetration.

Question 7

Statistically speaking, who is more likely to commit a crime of sexual assault?

A) John, age 21, frequently watches online porn and hopes to find a future wife who is into traditional female roles such as taking care of the house and kids and willing to be a stay-home mother when the kids are young
B) Ronaldo, age 34, doesn't watch porn, is stay-home father, and has been experiencing a bout of depression
C) Kendrick, age 40, grew up in an abusive home, works as a women's studies professor, and occasionally watches lesbian porn
D) Diane, age 31, sexually abused as a child, enjoys bondage and sadomasochist type of sex, and currently in a long-term relationship with her partner

Question 8

What impact does the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act have on college campuses?

A) It requires campuses to make information about sexual crimes public.
B) It requires campuses to have security officers devoted to sexual violence prevention.
C) It requires that campuses disclose the details of any ongoing sexual assault case to the victim.
D) It requires campuses to report the names of students who had been accused of a sex crime at any time during his/her college career.

Question 9

Which of the following men would be less likely to commit sexual assault?

A) Cole, who took a human sexuality course that covered a unit on rape and sexual assault
B) Jermaine, who participated in an Mentors in Violence Prevention program through his college
C) Nahid, who used to brag about having sex with drunk girls but stopped when he noticed his friends gave him the cold shoulder after he made those comments
D) All of these men would be less likely to commit rape as they have various factors in their lives known to reduce the likelihood of sexually assaulting someone.

Question 10

Sexual assault involves all of the following EXCEPT:

A) kissing.
B) unwanted exposure to pornography.
C) touching.
D) groping.

Question 11

What statement describes the majority of rapes on college campuses?

A) The victim knows the attacker and reports the attack to campus authorities.
B) The victim does not know the attacker and reports it to a friend or family member.
C) The victim knows the attacker and does not report the attack.
D) The victim does not know the attacker and does not report the attack.

Question 12

After hearing a report of a sexual assault on campus, some friends are talking about it and a few comment that they saw the girl out at the bar earlier in the night flirting with a group of guys and she had been drinking a lot. What theory about rape would this scenario promote?

A) Victim precipitation
B) Rapist psychopathology
C) Feminist theory
D) Behavioral theory

Question 13

Which type of sexual violence involves being pressured to engage in sexual activity when a person doesn't want to?

A) Sexual harassment
B) Non-contact unwanted sexual behavior
C) Sexual coercion
D) Forced penetration

Question 14

Statistically speaking, which of the following individuals would be at higher risk for rape?

A) Sarah, a 17-year-old female who dropped out of high school
B) Ashanti, a 19-year-old female college freshman
C) Marisol, a 20-year-old female college junior
D) Ling, a 22-year-old female who does not attend college

Question 15

The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey collects data on all of the following types of sexual violence EXCEPT:

A) sexual coercion.
B) unwanted sexual behavior.
C) forced penetration.
D) wanted sexual contact.

Question 16

The website NotAlone.gov was established as a centralized site to:

A) collect data on rape and sexual assault on college campuses.
B) collect data on all types of violence on college campuses.
C) monitor compliance with the Campus Save Act.
D) provide a 24-hour hotline to college students related to rape prevention.

Question 17

Upon evaluation, the rapist was determined to be mentally unstable with a history of uncontrollable sexual urges. What theory about rape would this finding promote?

A) Victim precipitation
B) Rapist psychopathology
C) Sociological theory
D) Biological theory

Question 18

Which represents poly-victimization?

A) Perpetrators of sexual violence like to victimize multiple people rather than the same person repeatedly.
B) Victims of sexual violence often experience it more than once in their lifetimes.
C) Perpetrators of sexual violence like to victimize in several different manners.
D) Victims of sexual violence tend to victimize others as a result of their own abuse.

Question 19

What country has the highest rates of child rape?

A) China
B) Brazil
C) South Africa
D) Iraq

Question 20

Which racial/ethnic group is found to have the least levels of empathy for women who have been sexually assaulted and are more likely to show victim-blaming attitudes?

A) Hispanic
B) Black
C) Asian American
D) White

Question 21

What have studies shown related to female athletes and attitudes about rape?

A) They believe they have a lower risk of being raped than do nonathletes, and they are more likely to hold sympathetic attitudes for victims of rape.
B) They believe they have a lower risk of being raped than do nonathletes, and they are more likely to hold victim-blaming attitudes.
C) They believe they have a greater risk of being raped than do nonathletes, and they are more likely to hold victim-blaming attitudes.
D) They believe they have the same risk of being raped as nonathletes, and they do not differ in their victim-blaming attitudes.

Question 22

Which of the following accurately reflects patterns of reporting sexual violence?

A) Men are more likely than women to report rape because they are more likely to seek justice and revenge.
B) Victims of rape are more likely to report the rape if the assailant was a stranger and there was a weapon involved.
C) Women who report the attack to police are found to have more negative outcomes due to having to submit to police procedures of "reliving" the experience.
D) All of these

Question 23

An individual who was sexually assaulted fears being alone, with strangers, and even being in his or her bedroom. What stage of rape trauma is this person likely experiencing?

A) Primary phase
B) Acute phase
C) Secondary phase
D) Recovery phase

Question 24

A rape victim recently moved from one apartment to another and got a new job in an attempt to gain some control over her life. What stage of the rape trauma syndrome response is she likely in?

A) Acute phase
B) Recovery phase
C) Re-establishing identity
D) Long-term reorganization

Question 25

Compared to other women, women with disabilities are:

A) less likely to be raped.
B) equally likely to be raped.
C) more likely to be raped.
D) incapable of understanding rape, so we don't have accurate estimates of rates of rape.

Question 26

What best describes college students' attitudes about rapists and rape victims who have been drinking prior to the rape?

A) Both women and men are viewed as being more responsible for what happened when they were drunk.
B) Both women and men are viewed as less responsible for what happened when they were drunk.
C) Men are viewed as more responsible for what happened when they were drunk and women are viewed as less responsible.
D) Men are viewed as less responsible for what happened when they were drunk and women are viewed as more responsible.

Question 27

What recognized psychological disorder is most often compared to rape trauma syndrome?

A) Anxiety disorder
B) Agoraphobia disorder
C) Dissociative personality disorder
D) Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 28

Men who commit sexual violence often have histories of personal violence which includes:

A) random assault.
B) sibling violence.
C) intimate partner violence.
D) violence in the workplace.

Question 29

The majority of sexual violence in female prisons in the United States is perpetrated by:

A) older inmates assaulting new inmates.
B) new inmates as a means to gain status.
C) lesbian women.
D) prison staff.

Question 30

What percentage of U.S. states consider marital rape a crime?

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Question 31

Sexual contact that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient is known as_______.

A) quid pro quo harassment
B) unwanted sexual behavior
C) sexual assault
D) sexual harassment

Question 32

Which of the following forms of sexual violence includes unwanted exposure to sexual situations including pornography, verbal or behavioral sexual harassment, or the creation of a sexually hostile climate?

A) Non-contact unwanted sexual behavior
B) Unwanted sexual contact
C) Sexual coercion
D) Forced penetration

Question 33

All of the following are reasons why older women are likely to be even more traumatized by sexual violence than younger women EXCEPT:

A) they are likely to have more conservative attitudes about sexuality.
B) they are likely to have undergone physiological changes that increase the severity of physical injuries.
C) they tend to have less social support after a rape.
D) they are more likely to be in a long-term relationship and suffer more from interpersonal difficulties after a rape.

Question 34

An adult has just been found guilty of incest. What can we safely assume?

A) The victim was genetically related to the perpetrator.
B) The victim was in the direct care of the perpetrator.
C) The victim was legally related to the perpetrator.
D) None of these have to be true.

Question 35

A person who has been sexually assaulted and does not discuss the experience with anyone demonstrates which of the following?

A) The acute phase of recovery
B) The phase of self-blame
C) Silent rape reaction
D) Rape myth syndrome

Question 36

Which of the following is true related to the effects of sexual assault and talking to others?

A) Younger victims are more likely to tell someone than older victims.
B) Nearly all victims of rape tell someone about it within the first year following the attack.
C) Women typically report that feelings of depression and anxiety subside within 6 months after an assault.
D) Women who were raped by acquaintances experience more anxiety, fear, and depression than women who were raped by strangers.

Question 37

Women who have been drinking prior to being sexually assaulted are:

A) more likely to report the assault.
B) less likely to experience fear following the attack.
C) less likely to receive emotional support from friends.
D) more likely to feel empathy for their attacker.

Question 38

What is a reason why alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors of rape on college campuses?

A) Women who are drunk are more likely to be viewed as sexually "easy."
B) Men who have been drinking are more likely to "sexualize" the environment and social interactions.
C) Alcohol reduces inhibitions, which increases the chances of engaging in risky sexual behaviors.
D) All of these

Question 39

At what rate have studies found that sexual violence can happen to heterosexual women?

A) 53%
B) 23%
C) 13%
D) 43%

Question 40

According to studies, a male prisoner's chance of being sexually threatened in prison is:

A) less than 20%.
B) about 40%.
C) about 50%.
D) greater than 80%.

Question 41

Contact sexual violence includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) sexual harassment.
B) unwanted sexual contact.
C) forced penetration.
D) sexual coercion.

Question 42

________________ contends that rape is a tool used in society to keep women in their place.

A) Behavioral theory
B) Feminist theory
C) Sociological theory
D) Victim precipitation theory

Question 43

Workers in an automotive service garage have posted a picture of a naked woman in the break room. What kind of sexual harassment might this constitute?

A) Blatant
B) Subversive
C) Quid pro quo
D) Hostile environment

Question 44

What is a potential outcome of childhood sexual abuse?

A) Compulsive sex play or masturbation by the child
B) Promiscuous or compulsive sexual behavior as an adolescent
C) Higher likelihood of revictimization as an adult
D) All of these

Question 45

According to a 2016 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Task Force Report, ___________ of people who experienced sexual harassment never talked to their supervisors or bosses about the harassment.

A) 50%
B) 80%
C) 60%
D) 70%

Question 46

Why do silent rape reactions occur?

A) Some victims deny and repress the incident until a time when they feel stronger emotionally.
B) The victims suffer from intense nightmares and anxiety attacks.
C) Victims experience wide mood fluctuations.
D) Within several days of the event, victims are triggered off by time alone or with strangers.

Question 47

Which of the following characteristics are perpetrators of child sex abuse more likely to have?

A) Higher IQ levels
B) Identity as gay or bisexual
C) Higher self-confidence
D) Unhappy family histories

Question 48

Rape trauma syndrome (RTS) is a two-stage stress response pattern characterized by ____________ problems.

A) PTSD
B) ethical
C) behavioral
D) emotional

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of hostile environment harassment?

A) A teacher offering someone a better grade for engaging in sexual behavior
B) A student repeatedly telling sexual jokes or sending them electronically
C) A manager threatening to terminate, transfer, demote, or otherwise adversely affect an employee's work life if sexual favors are not given or continued.
D) A supervisor promising or giving an employee a raise or promotion because of real or expected sexual favors

Question 50

Which of the following is true about child sexual abuse?

A) Boys are more likely to be sexually abused by strangers.
B) Sexual abuse of boys is more likely to be reported than abuse of girls.
C) The median age for sexual abuse of boys is 11 to 13 years old and 4 to 6 years old for girls.
D) Victims of sexual abuse are more likely to come from families with religious backgrounds.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the long-term reorganization stage of rape trauma syndrome?

A) Most victims fear being alone or with strangers.
B) Victim may also experience wide mood fluctuations.
C) This phase begins immediately after the assault and lasts for one week.
D) This phase involves a restoration of order in the victim's lifestyle and reestablishment of control.

Question 52

Which of the following is a strategy for dealing with, and preventing, sexual harassment?

A) Have a zero-tolerance policy in regard to sexual harassment.
B) Acknowledge that there is a problem.
C) Deny the problem exists until a plan is in place to prevent further issues.
D) Whenever possible segregate the area to prevent potential issues.

Question 53

Mark tells Neda that if she goes on a date with him she will get a promotion. What kind of sexual harassment would this be?

A) Blatant
B) Subversive
C) Quid pro quo
D) Hostile environment

Question 54

What does cross-cultural research suggest in relation to the incest taboo?

A) It exists in all industrialized cultures.
B) It exists in about half of the world's cultures.
C) It cannot be measured due to varying definitions of incest.
D) It is universal.

Question 55

Related to intimate partner violence (IPV) within same-sex couples, what do we know?

A) Rates of IPV in lesbian relationships occur at about the same rate as in heterosexual relationships.
B) Rates of IPV are the lowest in lesbian relationships.
C) Men in same-sex relationships are more likely to seek help when experiencing IPV.
D) No differences have been found related to IPV in same-sex relationships compared to IPV in male-female relationships.

Question 56

What is the third type of sexual violence outlined by the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, which includes unwanted sexual acts that don't involve penetration?

A) Forced penetration
B) Sexual coercion
C) Unwanted sexual behavior
D) Unwanted sexual contact

Question 57

The following statements are correct regarding the acute phase of rape trauma syndrome EXCEPT:

A) this phase begins immediately after the assault and lasts for one week.
B) the victim may also experience wide mood fluctuations.
C) most victims fear being alone or with strangers.
D) emotional reactions include anger, anxiety, or depression.

Question 58

Which theory identifies power differentials in society as contributing to rape?

A) Rapist psychopathology theory
B) Feminist theory
C) Sociological theory
D) Victim precipitation theory

Question 59

All of the following are true related to intimate partner violence (IPV) EXCEPT:

A) IPV is rare among teen and college couples.
B) IPV typically involves a pattern of abuse rather than a single isolated event.
C) many people experiencing IPV stay because they believe the abuse is their fault or that it would be unsafe to leave.
D) gay and bisexual men are reluctant to seek help for IPV due to lack of social support.

Question 60

Which of the following theories suggests that either disease or intoxication force men to rape?

A) Rapist psychopathology
B) Victim precipitation
C) Feminist theory
D) Sociological theory

Question 61

Which of these activities is NOT included in the sexual abuse of child?

A) Viewing pornography
B) Child sexual exploitation
C) Exhibitionism
D) Changing a child's diaper

Question 62

Nonconsensual sexual behavior between married partners is known as:

A) child sexual abuse.
B) marital sexual violence.
C) drug-facilitated sexual assault.
D) incest.

Question 63

The Centers for Disease Control found that approximately ______________ women have experienced stalking at some point in their lifetime.

A) 5 in 10
B) 1 in 19
C) 1 in 6
D) 2 in 10

Question 64

What is child sexual abuse?

A) Sexual contact with a minor by a child
B) Sexual contact with an adult by an adult
C) Sexual contact with a minor by an adult
D) Sexual contact with an adult by a child

Question 65

Which of the following is the example of quid pro quo harassment?

A) Racial or religious jokes, ethnic insults, offensive emails relating to protected characteristics, and similar inappropriate workplace behavior
B) A teacher offering someone a better grade for engaging in sexual behavior
C) Unwelcome touching, leering, sexually oriented jokes or cartoons, and sexually oriented comments and epithets
D) A student repeatedly telling sexual jokes or sending them electronically

Question 66

The Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act requires schools and colleges to educate students and faculty on all of the following EXCEPT:

A) sexual assault.
B) safe sex.
C) alcohol use.
D) dating violence.

Question 67

________ refers to a study showing that in a woman's first year of college, she is at a particularly high risk for sexual violence.

A) Rape crisis
B) Red zone
C) Acute phase
D) Sexual violence phase

Question 68

Studies have found that ___________ of female students who were drinking alcohol experienced verbal and physical coercion from their male partner.

A) 40%
B) 80%
C) 60%
D) 50%

Question 69

Which one is an important characteristic of child sexual abuse?

A) The powerful position of the adult
B) The powerful position of the child
C) The powerful position of a third party
D) That both parties are equally powerful

Question 70

What is the form of sexual violence that includes unwanted phone calls, texts, voicemails, messages, and approaching them at locations including home, work, or school?

A) Stalking
B) Rape
C) Red zone
D) Sexual coercion

Question 71

Which Amendment requires all universities receiving federal funds to provide equal access to education for all students regardless of gender?

A) Equal Rights Amendment
B) Title IX
C) Bill of Rights
D) Titles of Nobility Amendment

Question 72

The highest rates of stalking occur among __________.

A) 13- to 15-year-olds
B) 18- to 24-year-olds
C) 25- to 30-year-olds
D) 15- to 18-year-olds

Question 73

All U.S colleges and universities were required to comply with the Campus Save Act by the end of which year?

A) 2015
B) 2013
C) 2014
D) 2016

Question 74

Who are at increased risk for sexual coercion and non-contact unwanted sexual experiences?

A) Women with disabilities
B) Older men
C) Spouses or significant others
D) Older women

Question 75

Because of which factor is the intensity and length of time of RTS usually prolonged for women with disabilities?

A) Those with severe mental disabilities who have been sexually assaulted may not realize that their rights have been violated.
B) There is a lack of treatment appropriate for those with mental disabilities.
C) The symptoms are much less common in victims with mental disabilities.
D) Treatment for victims with mental deficits should be longer to be effective.

Question 76

Who are most likely to experience sexual violence?

A) Young teenage females
B) Older women
C) Female college students
D) Working women

Question 77

The White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault launched which centralized website to collect data on sexual assault and rape on college campuses?

A) State.gov
B) NotAlone.gov
C) USA.gov/college
D) TaskForce.gov

Question 78

The absolute prohibition of sex between family members is known as _______.

A) incest
B) incest taboo
C) family anti-sexual rule
D) child sexual abuse

Question 79

Which law required colleges and universities to develop prevention policies and provide victims with certain protection and rights after sexual assault?

A) The Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act
B) The Survivors' Bill of Rights Act
C) The Campus Sexual Assault Victim' Bill of Rights
D) The Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act

Question 80

The rape and murder of Jeanne Clery at Lehigh University in 1986 resulted in Congress passing which law?

A) The Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act
B) The Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act
C) The Campus Sexual Assault Victim' Bill
D) The Survivors' Bill of Rights Act