Deck 6: Attachment and Personality

Question 1

A child views herself as unworthy of love, and expects that adults will be unresponsive and uncaring. She has a negative

A) stability of attachment.
B) internal working model.
C) autonomous attachment.
D) balance of attachment.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Attachment research suggests that most children would be particularly resistant about being left with a new babysitter when they are

A) newborn infants.
B) about 1 year old.
C) about 4 years old.
D) about 6 years old.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about dependency and attachment is true?

A) Attachment is a phase of dependency that children outgrow.
B) Secure attachment ties the child to the attachment figure in a dependent relationship.
C) Secure attachment liberates children and is not dependency.
D) Dependent children seldom display attachment behavior.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What sort of research has supported the causal explanation that mothers cause secure or insecure attachment?

A) correlational
B) qualitative
C) experimental
D) retrospective

Question 5

Attachment security influences which of the following?

A) temperament traits, personality traits, and personality types
B) temperament traits, but NOT personality traits and personality types
C) temperament traits and personality traits, but NOT personality types
D) personality traits and personality types, but NOT temperament traits

Question 6

Effective teachers should attempt what for their insecurely attached students?

A) disconfirm their negative internal working models
B) avoid interaction with insecurely attached students
C) lower their expectations for insecurely attached students
D) help insecurely attached students have a new teacher each year

Question 7

At 3 months of age, Silas smiles at everyone and allows anyone to pick him up. At 7 months, he cries whenever an unknown person picks him up or plays with him. Silas is experiencing

A) approach behavior.
B) separation distress.
C) stranger wariness.
D) imprinting.

Question 8

Parents of which type of child are most likely to be frightening to the child?

A) insecure resistant
B) secure
C) insecure avoidant
D) disorganized

Question 9

A key insight of attachment theory is that

A) it is normal for 3-year-olds to show intense clinginess.
B) securely attached infants are dependent.
C) securely attached infants use their attachment figure as a base for exploration.
D) securely attached infants have a single attachment figure.

Question 10

A one-year-old child largely ignores the fact that his mother has left him with a stranger and does not seem to care when mother returns. What form of attachment is this?

A) insecure resistant
B) secure
C) insecure avoidant
D) disorganized

Question 11

Which of the following is true of temperament?

A) Mother and father reports of temperament usually match.
B) Temperament is more likely to be stable if environment is stable.
C) Temperament traits are inherited from the father.
D) Effortful control refers to ability to control other people in social situations.

Question 12

A one-year-old child signals to be picked up by her mother upon reunion, but pushes away when her mother picks her up. What form of attachment is this?

A) insecure resistant
B) secure
C) insecure avoidant
D) disorganized

Question 13

School bonding is primarily caused by which of the following?

A) secure attachment to the mother
B) feeling cared for at school by teachers and peers
C) attending schools with transitions
D) large schools that provide many extracurricular activities

Question 14

The Strange Situation Procedure is primarily a measure of

A) adult attachment.
B) toddler attachment.
C) autonomous attachment.
D) social referencing.

Question 15

Baby geese imprint onto their mothers or other moving objects. This is an insight generated by

A) Freudian/psychoanalytic theory.
B) Bowlby and Ainsworth's attachment theory.
C) cognitive-developmental theory.
D) ethology.

Question 16

Temperament traits discussed in the text include which of the following?

A) openness and conscientiousness
B) agreeableness and neuroticism
C) negative emotionality and behavioral inhibition
D) secure attachment and internal working models

Question 17

Children who display disorganized attachment are likely to have

A) behaviors that result in academic achievement.
B) a desire to be caretakers of their mothers.
C) at least two siblings.
D) strange or bizarre behaviors.

Question 18

In order to develop secure attachment, mothers and infants need to be

A) in physical contact almost all the time.
B) responsive to one another.
C) frequently left alone together.
D) part of a cohesive family.

Question 19

By taking into account the extinction principle of operant conditioning, parents might be able to terminate certain types of infant behavior, like crying, during the night by ignoring the child. It may be unwise for parents to use this technique too often, however, because

A) operant conditioning techniques rarely lead to permanent changes in behavior.
B) infants need to learn to become independent as soon as possible.
C) infants need to learn that they can get others to respond.
D) it is very difficult for parents to be consistent, and this confuses the child.

Question 20

The definition of behavioral inhibition overlaps with (is somewhat the same as)

A) negative emotionality.
B) difficult temperament.
C) effortful control.
D) shyness.

Question 21

An infant's temperament is highly reactive to novelty and frustration. The parent is intrusive, coercive, and controlling. What is the likely outcome for the child?

A) independent and curious
B) angry and aggressive
C) sociable and well-liked
D) athletic but a poor student

Question 22

In the U.S., there has been a cohort effect for increasing

A) SAT scores.
B) anxiety/neuroticism.
C) sociability.
D) agreeableness.

Question 23

Seven-year-old Walt is very active, curious, and questioning. Some parents would be annoyed with Walt, but his parents like those traits. Walt's situation shows a high degree of what?

Question 24

What are some behaviors of parents who have securely attached children?

Question 25

Which of the following traits has the best "goodness of fit" in China?

A) negative emotionality
B) happy and boisterous
C) inhibited
D) low effortful control

Question 26

Which culture discussed in the chapter most values behavioral inhibition and shyness?

Question 27

In the graph shown below, two personality types are represented as having relatively high achievement over time. The two lines that are next to each other and nearly horizontal should be labeled

A) resilient and undercontrolled.
B) overcontrolled and undercontrolled.
C) resilient and overcontrolled.
D) low extraversion and high agreeableness.

Question 28

A one-year-old child largely ignores the fact that his mother has left him with a stranger and does not seem to care when mother returns. What form of attachment is the child probably demonstrating?

Question 29

Which of the Big 5 personality traits predicts achievement?

A) extraversion
B) neuroticism
C) conscientiousness
D) undercontrol

Question 30

Which trait is valued on the average by U.S. teachers?

A) negative emotionality
B) slow-to-warm-up
C) high activity
D) low activity

Question 31

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality traits?

A) activity level
B) negative emotionality
C) slow-to-warm-up
D) openness to experience

Question 32

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Question 33

Sibling-contrast bias refers to what?

Question 34

What is a dandelion child?

Question 35

Epigenetic refers to which of the following?

A) the environment influences whether genes are expressed or not
B) a version of a gene that contributes to a specific type of attribute
C) orchid children
D) a genetic basis for negative emotionality

Question 36

Stability of things such as attachment, temperament, traits, and personality is strongly influenced by

A) stability of the environment.
B) epigenetics.
C) personality paradox.
D) academic achievement.

Question 37

Parent Hale Holmgren believes that children who have to be active and into something all the time are difficult and annoying. Holmgren's 12-year-old daughter is active and getting into things all the time. This situation illustrates

A) high negative emotionality.
B) typical parent perspectives.
C) poor fit.
D) gender differences.

Question 38

According to the text, how should teachers treat shy children?

A) frequently encourage them to get outside of their comfort zone
B) give them control over how quickly they engage in new situations
C) put them with new children frequently so they get used to making new friends
D) have them use computer-assisted instruction