Deck 7: Self-Control and Discipline

Question 1

Research on delay of gratification showed that delay during preschool was related to what later in life?

A) age of first marriage
B) school grades and SAT scores
C) food preference, especially for sweets
D) anxiety

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What seems to underlie self-control and ability to delay gratification?

A) metacognition
B) behavior modification
C) imitation of effective models
D) executive functions

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What does it mean to say that self-control is like a muscle?

A) it is affected by lactic acid
B) it can be fatigued and strengthened
C) it is affected working out in the weight room
D) it is influenced by attachment

Answer 3

B

Question 4

When Mrs. Dalton is in the classroom, the students are obedient and controlled. When she steps into the hall to talk with a parent or administrator, the students talk, avoid work, tease each other, and waste time. The students are exhibiting

A) self-control.
B) committed compliance.
C) situational compliance.
D) power assertion.

Question 5

Which is the most common form of child abuse?

A) psychological maltreatment
B) sexual abuse
C) physical abuse
D) neglect

Question 6

Consider research on delay of gratification in preschoolers. In the graph shown below, the lower line joined by squares represents  

A) no thoughts suggested.
B) thoughts about rewards.
C) fun thoughts that divert attention.
D) rewards given at 2 minute increments.

Question 7

Adults should use induction

A) mainly when children are in physical danger.
B) in most disciplinary encounters with children older than about 8.
C) in most disciplinary encounters, even with toddlers.
D) because it is the most effective way to achieve situational compliance.

Question 8

Boris angers his teacher by throwing spit wads at students in class and throwing spit wads so they stick to the ceiling. The teacher sighs and tells Boris that he is an embarrassment to his class and his family. The teacher sighs whenever she walks past Boris, and asks if he is ready to do something nice for once. Which of the following forms of disciplines is the teacher using?

A) induction
B) authoritative
C) power assertion
D) psychological control

Question 9

Which of the following is a method of measuring delay of gratification in preschoolers as described in the text?

A) offer $10 immediately or $25 if they wait a week
B) see how long children can wait before they touch a tempting item, like candy
C) have them sit in front of cake and ice cream for 20 minutes, then tell them they can eat
D) offer a trip to Disneyland if they can wait 2 days to eat a bag of candy

Question 10

Which of the following parent statements is an example of induction?

A) If you eat your peas I will let you have ice cream.
B) Stop eating that ice cream.
C) Good children eat their peas.
D) Don't eat your dessert first because you won't be hungry for the food that is more nutritious.

Question 11

Corporal punishment predicts what in the long term?

A) warm, romantic relationships
B) increased aggression
C) reduced disobedience
D) improved adult-child relationships

Question 12

Which tends to mature more quickly in the brain?

A) reward center
B) control center
C) delay of gratification center
D) muscle center

Question 13

Myra feels it is important to do well in school in order to reflect well on her family. When she goes out to eat with a group, she agrees with the others about where to go. Myra likely comes from

A) a closely monitoring family
B) a collectivistic culture
C) a sharing culture
D) a family whose parents are authoritative

Question 14

Teenager Sasha wants to be able to go to a party, but his parents say no because there is likely to be drinking and drug use. He says there won't be drinking or drugs and names high achieving kids who don't drink who will be there. He encourages his parents to phone their parents to check. He agrees to be home by 11:30 pm.  After careful deliberation, Sasha's parents agree. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this scenario?

A) passive noncompliance
B) situational compliance
C) negotiation
D) internalization

Question 15

Mr. Psalter has observed odd bruises and burn marks on 7-year-old Peter. He suspects abuse. As a teacher, he must do which of the following?

A) report evidence of abuse
B) investigate the abuse
C) interview Peter to see if his suspicions are accurate
D) interview Peter's parents to see if his suspicions are accurate

Question 16

Which group tends to be the most individualistic?

A) Hispanics
B) Chinese
C) Koreans
D) European Americans

Question 17

According to the text, the long-term goal of discipline encounters should be to

A) correct misbehavior.
B) instill values and foster self-control.
C) improve academic achievement.
D) reduce social problems, like teen pregnancy.

Question 18

Which of the following could be a good response to discipline?

A) hostile non-compliance
B) occasional defiance
C) negotiation
D) passive non-compliance

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of effective discipline according to the text?

A) achieve compliance
B) keep the emotional tone positive
C) use maximum power to achieve compliance
D) avoid corporal punishment

Question 20

Research on self-reported impulsivity from age 10 to 30 shows what pattern?

A) a fairly constant decline from 10 to 30
B) a fairly constant increase from 10 to 30
C) high impulsivity at 10 that increases to about age 15 and then declines
D) fairly similar levels from 10 to 30

Question 21

Which of the following is likely to foster effective classroom management?

A) use competitive activities when possible
B) encourage students to construct their own understanding of the classroom routines that you want them to follow
C) let natural consequences govern classroom management
D) arrange the physical environment so that it fosters appropriate behavior

Question 22

How is self-control related to parenting?

A) parental monitoring tends to be intrusive and to reduce children's self-control
B) authoritative parenting fosters self-control
C) self-control is mostly influenced by genetics, not by parenting
D) authoritative parents let their children make their own decisions, so they become more self-controlling

Question 23

Which of the following is a guideline for effective punishment?

A) make sure punishment also reinforces
B) recognize that supposed punishment can sometimes reinforce
C) use non-physical punishers, like extra homework
D) remove students from instructional settings as punishment

Question 24

Which parenting style is demanding of the child yet also warm and supportive?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indifferent
D) indulgent

Question 25

For preschoolers, what does their ability to delay gratification depend upon other than their personal level of self-control?

Question 26

Discipline in which the adult directly controls the child physically or by controlling access to resources is called what?

Question 27

In light of research on parenting styles, psychological control, and attachment, one could predict that love withdrawal as a technique of discipline would be

A) ineffective, generally because of long-term consequences.
B) effective, generally because children are motivated to please attachment figures.
C) more characteristic of authoritative parents.
D) more effective for boys than girls in the long term.

Question 28

Behavior modification is based primarily upon which of the following?

A) Piagetian constructivism
B) children thinking about the reasons for their misbehavior
C) classical conditioning
D) operant conditioning

Question 29

Authoritarian parents

A) accept more immature behavior than do other types of parents.
B) favor punitive measures to control children's behavior.
C) reason with their children regarding rules.
D) are more permissive than authoritative parents.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about discipline is true?

A) High SES parents spank more than low SES.
B) Latino parents spank more than African American parents.
C) African American parents spank more than White parents.
D) Most cultures teach children to look the disciplinarian in the eye during discipline.

Question 31

A father lets his daughter have a car when she turns 16. After she wrecks it twice, he buys her another one. He knows where she is much of the time and is warm, but does not mind if she goes to parties where there is drinking, or stays out late. He gives her money when she asks. Which parenting style is he demonstrating?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indifferent
D) indulgent

Question 32

If you want your children to develop self-control, have good social skills, and experience academic success, which parenting style is ideal?

Question 33

Parenting styles are categorized based on what two dimensions?

A) responsiveness and control
B) warmth and quality time
C) quality time and expectations
D) expectations and control

Question 34

Persistent persuasion does which of the following?

A) emphasizes natural consequences for misbehavior
B) uses induction and repeated requests until compliance, without power assertion
C) uses a constructivist approach in which the child constructs an understanding of appropriate behavior for a specific situation
D) uses power assertion and if-then threats to achieve compliance

Question 35

Which of the following is a guideline for effective behavior modification?

A) use punishment
B) use shaping (reinforcing small steps toward the target behavior)
C) allow the children to figure out your goals
D) delay feedback when possible

Question 36

What are the two dimensions of parenting style?

Question 37

Spanking may have different effects on different ethnic groups because it is seen as

A) legitimate use of parental power by Black youth.
B) a demonstration of caring by White youth.
C) abusive by Hispanic girls but not boys.
D) abusive by children from India and Pakistan.

Question 38

Name three things that predict individual differences in self-control.

Question 39

Which parenting style generally has the worst results for children?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indifferent
D) indulgent

Question 40

Which of the following is a drawback of behavior modification?

A) does not consistently change behavior
B) creates a setting where the children are dictators to each other
C) does little to foster internalization of values or motivation
D) removes children from instructional settings

Question 41

What should be the goal of discipline?

Question 42

What group uses corporal punishment more than others?