Deck 14: The Child in Context: Family Structure, Child Care, and Media

Question 1

Which of the following is best supported by research as a cause of the negative outcomes linked to divorce?

A) child abuse
B) teen pregnancy
C) parents dating new people
D) conflict

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In which American ethnic group are children LEAST likely to be born to two married parents?

A) Asian American
B) Latino
C) White
D) African American

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following aspects of mother employment is most strongly linked with negative child outcomes?

A) mother has a short commute
B) mother begins work during the child's infancy
C) mother works about 10 hours per week
D) mother's work allows the family to leave welfare

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Children of same-sex parents tend to show high rates of identification as gay or lesbian.

A) true
B) false

Question 5

What happens to cortisol level during the day?

A) decreases for children not in child care
B) increases for children not in child care
C) decreases for children in low quality child care
D) decreases for children in high quality child care

Question 6

Which group tends to have the lowest income?

A) Remarried families with step-children
B) Nuclear families with children
C) Single mothers with children
D) Single fathers with children

Question 7

A problem with research on effects of gay and lesbian families is that it tends to be

A) biased to find no negative effects.
B) biased to find negative effects.
C) based on small samples.
D) carried out in Europe.

Question 8

Elevated level of cortisol is an indicator of what?

A) high stress
B) low stress
C) high self-esteem
D) low self-esteem

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the current level of unwed teen pregnancies in the U.S.?

A) lower than in the past few decades
B) higher than in the past few decades
C) record high for African Americans only
D) about the same rate for the past 30 years

Question 10

Women with which of the following characteristics is most likely to experience divorce within 10 years of marriage?

A) no high school diploma
B) a high school diploma or some college
C) a graduate degree (e.g., masters, JD, PhD) and no children
D) a graduate degree (e.g., masters, JD, PhD) and at least one child

Question 11

Which group of children tends to benefit most from child care?

A) low SES
B) high SES
C) few children benefit from child care
D) most children benefit from child care

Question 12

Compared to other family structures, nuclear families tend to have

A) lower parent education.
B) greater financial strain.
C) fewer moves.
D) more abuse.

Question 13

Among households with children, which is the most common family structure?

A) multigenerational household
B) cohabiting, unmarried parents
C) single parent
D) two parents who are married

Question 14

According to the text, which of the following is a LESS effective way to encourage parent involvement with school?

A) Have parents sign contracts in which they commit to be involved.
B) Personally invite parents to be involved.
C) Sponsor welcoming activities at school, like breakfasts, for parents to attend with their child.
D) Establish a regular form of communication between school and parents.

Question 15

Two siblings have parents who are engaged in constant conflict with one another. Following such conflicts, Wei, the elder child, is often severely scolded by their mother, while Li is always comforted and cared for. The given scenario illustrates that parental conflict can be which of the following?

A) outcome of divorce
B) undercontrolled environment
C) nonshared environment
D) shared environment

Question 16

Of the following, which does divorce most commonly cause?

A) reduced conflict between separated parents
B) lower financial stress for custodial mothers
C) lower educational attainment for children
D) lower aggression for children

Question 17

The graph below represents the percent of children

A) whose mothers work outside of the home at least part-time.
B) who prefer center-based afterschool care.
C) who are in self-sibling care.
D) who are in center-based afterschool care.

Question 18

Research on severely deprived children who are adopted before 6 months of age tends to show what?

A) The children exhibit a high accident and death rate.
B) The children seldom catch up socially or academically.
C) The children usually catch up if the home environment is supportive, but it often takes more than a year.
D) The children usually catch up within a year if the home environment is supportive.

Question 19

Children in center-based child care tend to experience

A) increased social competence.
B) increased behavior problems.
C) decreased aggression.
D) decreased anxiety.

Question 20

While the effect size of most outcomes following divorce is relatively small, which outcome tends to have a large effect size?

A) internalizing disorders
B) externalizing disorders, especially for boys
C) academic achievement
D) dissatisfaction with school

Question 21

The graph below shows that eighth-grade children of less well-educated parents do what compared to children of more highly educated parents?

A) score lower on achievement tests
B) watch more television
C) score better on tests of spatial ability
D) participate in sports at a higher rate

Question 22

Name 3 child outcomes that divorce predicts.

Question 23

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from research on viewing television violence?

A) the effect size for negative outcomes is very large, about 2.00
B) longitudinal research shows that current TV watching is not correlated with children's aggression years later
C) a variety of types of studies show viewing violence does cause aggression
D) as children view television violence, they come to realize that real life is safer than they had thought

Question 24

Typically, when does conflict begin in families that get divorced?

Question 25

Jim watches lots of violent television while Sam prefers to watch situation comedies. As the boys walk to school one day, they witness one of their classmates being bullied by an older child. According to research, Jim is likely to

A) be less distressed than Sam.
B) be distressed at about the same level as Sam.
C) be more distressed than Sam.
D) not be distressed at all.

Question 26

In an experiment, children who watched fast paced cartoons tended to be worse at what compared to children who did other activities like drawing?

A) math tasks
B) parent attachment tasks
C) executive function tasks
D) theory of mind tasks

Question 27

Who does more TV watching and videogame playing?

A) White students
B) Black and Latino students
C) Asian American students
D) high income female students

Question 28

On the average, do men and women marry older or younger than in the past?

Question 29

Which of the following is true of the criticisms faced by studies that link violent media and aggression?

A) Violent media has no effect on most children and only a small effect on vulnerable children.
B) The randomized experiments that have been done cannot determine whether a steady dose of violent media can cause long-term aggression in real life.
C) Effect sizes show that TV violence has a weaker effect on children's aggression than child abuse, low IQ, or antisocial friends.
D) All the research is correlational and cannot show cause and effect.

Question 30

Which of the following is true of media use?

A) TV viewing and video gaming increase from childhood into adulthood, peak around age 25, and then declines
B) Adolescents spend less time watching television than younger children
C) Even though video games seem to require eye-hand coordination, they do not improve eye-hand coordination
D) Teen are the heaviest television viewers

Question 31

Which of the following statements about media use by youth is true?

A) Youth spend more time reading than using media.
B) Youth spend more time with prosocial media than with antisocial media.
C) When youth view violent media they are just seeing what happens in the real world.
D) Youth see more sexual content today than they would have during the 1990s.

Question 32

How do children in cohabiting families tend to fare?

Question 33

Kate lives with her single mother, and both are aggressive. Their home has few books. What is Kate's amount of TV viewing likely to be?

A) relatively low
B) about average
C) relatively high
D) very low

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of media use?

A) It is correlated with being overweight.
B) It is linked to bad eating habits.
C) It is correlated with alcohol and tobacco use.
D) Viewing just before bedtime can help youth sleep.

Question 35

According to research on media use, which of the following statements is true?

A) Adolescents view more television than younger children.
B) Preschoolers respond to video and television as though it were live interaction.
C) Nearly all high school students use the internet.
D) Media use during early childhood does not predict later amount of media use.