Deck 23: The Protestant Reformation

Question 1

Which of these was not a major reason for German church support for reform within the Church?

A) the existence of many small principalities too weak to fight Church leadership
B) forced taxation by Rome
C) the charismatic sermons delivered by Martin Luther to the German poor
D) the desire of many German princes to find a just cause for challenging Roman authority
E) the anger of German government leaders that the money they sent to Rome was being used to pursue goals they did not support

Answer 1

C

Question 2

How did the Catholic-Protestant struggle carry over into the military and political arenas? In particular, cite the cases of France and the Netherlands.

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

The Church of England was in essence somewhat

A) Lutheran.
B) Calvinist.
C) Catholic.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Calvinism differed most from previous Christian movements in his belief in

A) justification by faith.
B) predestination of souls.
C) salvation through works.
D) individual Bible interpretation.
E) original sin.

Question 5

For Calvin, it was important that the church

A) be subordinate to the state.
B) provide moral leadership for the state.
C) accept a certain amount of oversight from the state.
D) keep all of its financial affairs separate from the state.
E) operate independently from the state in moral matters.

Question 6

Compare and contrast Lutheranism and Calvinism in regard to matters of religious reform.

Question 7

Describe the factors and conditions that contributed to the Lutheran revolt. Explain Luther's problem with indulgences, and analyze other issues that were problematic in the Church.

Question 8

On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther is believed to have defiantly posted this on the door of the Wittenburg University chapel:

A) The Institutes
B) The Ninety-Five Theses
C) Praise of Folly
D) Edict of Nantes
E) The New Babylon

Question 9

The triumph of Lutheranism was brought about in part by

A) Luther's tremendous popularity with Church authorities.
B) Luther's strong defense by the prince of Saxony.
C) the printing press.
D) both a and b
E) both b and c

Question 10

Lutheranism is most clearly differentiated from Catholicism by a belief in

A) predestination.
B) the Trinity.
C) justification by faith.
D) royal supremacy.
E) adult baptism.

Question 11

Much more than Lutheranism, the Calvinist faith succeeded in becoming

A) Episcopal.
B) nationalistic.
C) liberal.
D) international.
E) conservative.

Question 12

Calvin demanded works as well as faith to prove that one was

A) capable of doing good.
B) worthy of Heaven.
C) not destined to Hell.
D) trying to do God's will on earth.
E) a member of the Elect.

Question 13

Under what circumstances was Anglicanism established? Describe its early development, from 1527 to 1603.

Question 14

The increase in Europeans' spiritual knowledge and awareness brought about by the Reformation is analogous to

A) their emergence from the Dark Ages.
B) children learning the difference between right and wrong.
C) the awakening of classical philanthropic thought in ancient Greece.
D) the changes in their physical geographic awareness brought about by the beginning of world-wide transportation.
E) the later Industrial Revolution.

Question 15

Those who spoke out against the Catholic church were labeled

A) dissidents.
B) wrongdoers.
C) excommunicates.
D) heretics.
E) evil-doers.

Question 16

The one thing that most upset other Christians about the Anabaptists was

A) their ideas about sharing that sounded a bit like what would later be called communism.
B) a belief in adult baptism.
C) their rapid spread through Europe that threatened the Calvinist movement.
D) their rejection of the teachings of Ulrich Zwingli.
E) a belief about infant baptism.

Question 17

The issue that sparked the Lutheran Reformation was

A) papal defiance of the emperor.
B) immorality in convents and monasteries.
C) the sales of indulgences.
D) salvation through works.
E) the Investiture Controversy.

Question 18

Martin Luther, when threatened with expulsion from the Church for espousing his beliefs,

A) appealed directly to the Pope for intervention.
B) publicly exposed the threats being made toward him by Church leaders.
C) recanted his complaints about actions of the Church.
D) was finally excommunicated from the Church.
E) posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the chapel door at Wittenburg.

Question 19

In what ways did Catholicism respond to the Protestant onslaught? How did this crystallize into the Counter-Reformation? Discuss the major elements of the Catholic Reformation.

Question 20

Which of the following statements was not true of Calvinism?

A) By about 1570, Calvinists had gained control of most of Europe, including France and England.
B) Calvinists believed that the church body could choose as well as change their pastors at will.
C) Calvinists did not develop a clerical hierarchy, but there were elected elders.
D) Calvinists believed that they must defy secular laws if those laws conflicted with God's word.
E) The governing body of the church included both clerical leaders and ordinary members.

Question 21

Presbyterians under the leadership of ____________________ ____________________ became dominant in Scotland.

Question 22

In Scotland, John Knox is best known for

A) supporting Mary Queen of Scots against Elizabeth I.
B) introducing the ideas of the German, Martin Luther.
C) trying to help bring James II back to power.
D) openly protesting the actions of Henry VIII.
E) the founding of Presbyterianism.

Question 23

Mennonites and Amish derive from a Reformation movement known as ____________________.

Question 24

The Anglican Church basically came into being through the marital problems of ____________________.

Question 25

The Act of Supremacy (1534)

A) dissolved English monasteries.
B) gave the English monarch authority over the Church within England.
C) declared the Pope deposed.
D) put England in the Lutheran camp.
E) settled the Investiture Controversy.

Question 26

The Council of Trent

A) met for almost ten years.
B) examined and clarified doctrines and goals of the Catholic church.
C) established the Jesuit order.
D) reversed the church's position on Luther.
E) included numerous Protestant observers.

Question 27

The Edict of Nantes granted limited toleration for Protestants in

A) England.
B) Spain.
C) Germany.
D) France.
E) Switzerland.

Question 28

A major legacy of the Reformation was

A) the unification of Germany.
B) long periods of international peace.
C) civil war in several countries.
D) increased religious tolerance.
E) greater emphasis on literacy and education.

Question 29

The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre was an example of

A) Protestant rebellion against Catholic doctrine.
B) the out and out fighting that occurred frequently between Catholics and Protestants.
C) church attitudes toward wayward Catholics.
D) the split in France between supporters and opponents of Henry IV.
E) the religious intolerance Catholics felt toward Protestants.

Question 30

All of these were legacies of the Reformation except

A) a higher literacy rate.
B) an emphasis on the individual's moral responsibility.
C) a closer relationship between ordinary church members and their clergy.
D) an increased tolerance for other peoples and other points of view.
E) more conflicts as nationalism became more prevalent.

Question 31

The main goal of the Jesuits was

A) to seek out and destroy texts listed on the Index of forbidden books.
B) to educate people so they could bring souls into or back into the Catholic church through education.
C) to help bring sinners to justice during the Inquisition.
D) to educate the world as to the major differences between Catholics and Protestants.
E) to assist Ignatius of Loyola in obtaining papal permission to found their new religious order.

Question 32

One of the chief negative effects of the Reformation in Europe was

A) the lessening of educational opportunity.
B) the loss of national identities.
C) the diminished tolerance for variations from official doctrine.
D) a loss of power for the clergy.

Question 33

Philip II of Spain had his greatest success with

A) maintaining the Netherlands as a Catholic stronghold.
B) incorporating all of Italy into his empire.
C) defeating the Ottoman Turks in the Mediterranean.
D) maintaining a close relationship with England despite his fruitless courting of Queen Elizabeth.
E) extracting as much gold and silver from the New World as was available.

Question 34

Calvinists who considered the Anglican church to be too close to Catholicism and strove for its further reform were called

A) Lollards.
B) Anabaptists.
C) Mennonites.
D) Puritans.
E) Heretics.

Question 35

Ignatius of Loyola is associated with the founding of the ____________________ Order.

Question 36

The Index , the Inquisition, and the Jesuits all formed a part of

A) Lutheranism.
B) Anglicanism.
C) Calvinism.
D) the Counter-Reformation.
E) Protestantism.

Question 37

The Peace of Augsburg

A) led to Lutheran supremacy in Germany.
B) led to Calvinist supremacy in Germany.
C) divided Germany between Catholics and Lutherans.
D) divided Germany between Catholics and Protestants.
E) established religious toleration in Germany.

Question 38

The Lutheran Reformation was, in the end, basically confined to ____________________.

Question 39

Which of the following did not result from the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?

A) It signaled the breakup of Spain's empire.
B) It showed that England should also be considered as one of the world's great powers.
C) It gave the French Protestants hope for their own future.
D) The Spanish turned even more toward their empire in the American Southwest.
E) It suggested the end of Spain as a military power.

Question 40

This monarch tried to return England to Catholicism.

A) Henry
B) Mary
C) Edward
D) Elizabeth
E) Richard

Question 41

____________________ were people from Switzerland who differed from Calvin and Luther in their belief in the need for re-baptizing, as well as their ideas about congregationalism.

Question 42

In an attempt to reclaim England for Catholicism, and for himself, the Spanish king suffered the destruction of his ____________________ in 1588.

Question 43

The ____________________ ended the German Civil War between Catholics and Lutherans.

Question 44

The Calvinist church had no bishops, only presbyters, or ____________________ ____________________.

Question 45

The first attempt to return the Catholic church to its basic ideas since Roman times was the ____________________.