Deck 26: China From the Ming Through the Early Qing Dynasty

Question 1

Confucian ethics

A) admired the capitalist entrepreneurial spirit.
B) stressed the retention of ancient value systems.
C) supported the goals of the Maritime Expeditions.
D) placed significant emphasis on the acquiring of material goods.
E) supported the development of new technologies.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Ming Confucianism most strongly discouraged

A) memorization.
B) education.
C) ethical conduct.
D) innovation.
E) harmony.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The Maritime Expeditions of the 1400s seemingly reinforced the Chinese belief that

A) all Westerners were evil.
B) barbarians would try to destroy their empire.
C) the outside world had nothing significant to offer the Chinese.
D) they were not ready technologically to embark on lengthy sea ventures.
E) exploring an area was sufficient, and return voyages unnecessary.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Westerners might have had more success in opening China to trade if

A) the Jesuit missionaries had not worked so hard at converting the peasants.
B) the Portuguese had not offended Chinese sensibilities so much that they were temporarily expelled from the country.
C) the Portuguese and the Dutch had not jockeyed so hard for a favorable trade position when they arrived in China.
D) missionaries had not inadvertently brought several deadly diseases with them.
E) they had not tried to force Western scientific ideas on the Chinese.

Question 5

Ming/Qing government and bureaucracy were based almost entirely on

A) revisions brought about due to contact with Jesuits.
B) Confucian philosophy and ethics.
C) a constitution written by Qienlong.
D) Legalist principles.
E) Buddhist principles.

Question 6

Upon the takeover of government by the Mings, Confucianism

A) was revived in even stronger form.
B) was suspended for a time.
C) became less prestigious.
D) was made the empire's official religion.
E) was finally outlawed.

Question 7

In theory, the Chinese system of determining occupations for its people would seem to be

A) feudalistic.
B) highly unrealistic.
C) socialistic.
D) assured of success.
E) a military state.

Question 8

Most Chinese schools of the Ming period were geared toward preparation for

A) careers in business.
B) careers in art and literature.
C) civil service examinations.
D) careers in the military.
E) foreign service examinations.

Question 9

The Chinese conversion from Ming to Qing rule went smoothly, largely because

A) the Ming had already adopted a bit of Qing culture.
B) the Ming felt some kindred to the Qing, since both groups had been vandalized by the Mongols.
C) the Qing left many Ming officials completely in charge locally.
D) the Qing made it clear that only those who cooperated fully would be allowed to continue their trade practices.
E) the Qing realized the sophistication of the Ming and were already copying them in some ways before their conquest.

Question 10

In general, the residents of cities in Ming China seem to have been

A) uninterested in politics but much caught up in religious quests.
B) caught up in political intrigues.
C) housed and fed adequately, if not overly prosperous.
D) relegated to menial work.
E) unhappy with the rule of Hongwu because trade declined.

Question 11

Describe the Ming system of bureaucracy, and evaluate its virtues and limitations.

Question 12

During the Ming Dynasty, the capital of China was, at last, returned to

A) Shanghai.
B) Macao.
C) Nanking.
D) Beijing.
E) Kowloon.

Question 13

Explain the economic system that existed in Ming/Qing China, and evaluate the state of the Chinese empire by the 19^th century.

Question 14

Describe the chief characteristics of the reign of Hongwu, and evaluate the degree to which his ideas and reforms impacted Chinese society.

Question 15

Describe the culture and the cultural influences of the Ming/Qing periods. What conclusions about Chinese society could be drawn from occurrences during this time?

Question 16

It would be most accurate to describe the Ming Emperor Hongwu as

A) one who prided himself on being like Emperor Qin Shih Huang-di.
B) a stronger general than his grandson and successor, Yongle.
C) generous and a good administrator.
D) capable of great cruelty, but also very talented.
E) a good general but not a good administrator.

Question 17

The attitude of the masses toward public officials in Ming China was one of

A) forgiveness.
B) acceptance.
C) distrust.
D) unease.
E) resentment.

Question 18

The Chinese government limited foreign trade contacts (with the Portuguese) to the single port of

A) Macao.
B) Canton.
C) Hong Kong.
D) Nanking.
E) Nagasaki.

Question 19

Describe the changes that occurred in the wake of the Manzhou invasion. What was the nature of Qing governance in China?

Question 20

What continuing trends can we discern in Ming China insofar as economic and political matters are concerned?

Question 21

Faced with piratical attacks in the 16^th century, the Chinese government

A) turned a large part of its army into a naval force.
B) abandoned many coastal areas.
C) negotiated away the rights to several islands.
D) faced them openly and defeated them.
E) refused to believe that the pirates posed a serious threat to their control.

Question 22

The rebel leader Chu rose from humble origins to take the imperial name ____________________.

Question 23

The emperor Hongwu initiated a period during which no ____ had direct access to the emperor.

A) ordinary people
B) leading merchants
C) government officials
D) palace eunuchs
E) military leaders

Question 24

During the 1700s, Westerners became mesmerized by Chinese

A) literature.
B) cuisine.
C) painting.
D) porcelain.
E) tapestries.

Question 25

A major reason for the Manzhou victory over the native Chinese was the support received from the

A) Jesuits.
B) Japanese.
C) mandarin officials.
D) peasants.
E) Koreans.

Question 26

The rise in population during the Ming period was supplemented by a dramatic increase in the ____________________ ____________________.

Question 27

Under the leadership of Kangsi, China

A) fought intervention by Westerners.
B) opened four ports to European traders.
C) allowed its river systems to decline.
D) experienced decades of fighting with Westerners.
E) allowed Europeans to trade with them but refused to allow outsiders to reside in their country.

Question 28

The differences in attitudes between Chinese and European governments probably revolved around

A) China's less advanced technology.
B) China's involvement in civil war.
C) the relative lack of influence of Chinese merchants.
D) the religious objections of the Confucian mandarins.
E) none of the above

Question 29

Matteo Ricci's scientific expertise contributed to

A) the opening of Chinese society to new ideas.
B) the acceptance of Western ideals in China.
C) the growing appeal of Christianity in China that lasted for centuries.
D) the establishment of a core group of Christians among China's intellectual community.
E) all of the above

Question 30

During the Qing Dynasty, the most prized luxury item from China for Westerners would have been

A) coffee.
B) embroidered silk.
C) fine porcelain.
D) rice paper.
E) green tea.

Question 31

Up to the 19^th century, Qing rulers were most notable for being

A) corrupt and effete.
B) commercially backward.
C) bigoted and unpopular.
D) vigorous and intelligent.
E) militarily belligerent.

Question 32

Ming China built up an army of one million in part to

A) restore the Great Wall.
B) invade Manchuria.
C) help move the capital to Beijing.
D) fight barbarian invaders.
E) quell unrest among the peasants.

Question 33

The Manzhous found it fairly easy to subdue Ming China, in part because of

A) the decline of Confucianism.
B) the unexpected death of China's emperor.
C) the inability of the mandarins to cope with change.
D) the decline of the eunuchs.
E) peasant rebellions.

Question 34

The outstanding Qing emperors of the 18^th century

A) learned much of political value to them from the West.
B) were cruel tyrants in their treatment of the common Chinese.
C) split governmental responsibility between Chinese and Qing.
D) tried hard to expand commerce between China and Europe.
E) rejected the traditional Chinese bureaucracy in favor of absolute rule.

Question 35

Among the Christian Europeans who gained the most access to, and respect of, official Chinese circles was the Jesuit, ____________________ ____________________.

Question 36

The impression of urban society during the Ming era is that most town-dwellers were generally

A) impoverished.
B) dissatisfied.
C) mercantile.
D) uneducated.
E) prosperous.

Question 37

During the Qing Dynasty, Chinese writing took on a new tone, with stories more often written about

A) court life.
B) the lives of ordinary people.
C) the emperor and his family.
D) the change in dynasties.
E) political disagreements.

Question 38

China's 19^th century famines were caused mainly by

A) a climate change that resulted in longer, harsher winters.
B) its rapidly growing population.
C) lack of technology.
D) no wish among leaders to adopt modern methods.
E) a rapid growth of population in a society without modern technology and no desire to obtain such.

Question 39

The governmental center during the Ming/Qing period was in the ____________________ City.

Question 40

The greatest loss suffered by China during the Qing period was

A) its edge in population.
B) its edge in science and technology.
C) the quality of its art.
D) the quality of its literature.
E) a decline in educational standards.

Question 41

During the Ming Dynasty, the capital of China was returned to ____________________.

Question 42

Matteo Ricci's area of expertise was ____________________.

Question 43

Hybrid rice from ____________________, called Champa, allowed for increased yields and population expansion.

Question 44

Qing invaders came to China from an area in the northeast known as ____________________.

Question 45

The Ming Dynasty's authority was undermined and eventually overthrown by ____________________ tribesmen.

Question 46

Under the rule of ____________________, China opened four ports to trade with outsiders.