Deck 14: Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800

Question 1

Which was the first European state to establish formal diplomatic relations with China?

A)England
B)Russia
C)The Dutch

Answer 1

Russia

Question 2

Why did the mainland states of Southeast Asia have better success in resisting European encroachment than did the Spice Islands and Malay states?

A)They lacked any natural resources desired by the Europeans, who had no wish to trade with them.
B)They were more cohesive politically with strong monarchies.
C)The Europeans were not aware of their existence.

Answer 2

They were more cohesive politically with strong monarchies.

Question 3

Which Italian merchant's tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe?

A)Christopher Columbus
B)Amerigo Vespucci
C)Marco Polo

Answer 3

Marco Polo

Question 4

Who was the major critic of the Spanish treatment of the indigenous people of the Americas?

A)Bartolomé de Las Casas
B)Hernán Cortés
C)Afonso de Albuquerque

Question 5

Which conquistador conquered and looted the Inca Empire in 1531?

A)Hernán Cortés
B)Francisco Pizarro
C)Francisco de Coronado

Question 6

What was the effect of African slave trade?

A)It had little impact on the level of violence and warfare in Africa.
B)It reduced warfare and violence in Africa because all the African states united against the European slavers.
C)It increased warfare and violence in Africa because of the increasing demand for prisoners who could be sold as slaves.

Question 7

Which European state took over the spice trade from Portugal?

A)The Dutch Republic
B)England
C)Spain

Question 8

Where was the Aztec Empire, which Cortés conquered in 1519, located?

A)In the Peruvian Andes
B)In Cuba
C)In central Mexico

Question 9

Which European disease ravaged the Aztecs and Inca?

A)Syphilis
B)Hemorrhagic fever
C)Smallpox

Question 10

Which Chinese dynasty replaced the Ming in the seventeenth century and came from Manchuria?

A)Tang
B)Qing
C)Yuan

Question 11

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided which territories between which states?

A)The Spice Islands between Portugal and the Dutch Republic
B)South Africa between the English and the Dutch
C)The New World between Spain and Portugal

Question 12

What was the primary motive for European exploration during the Renaissance?

A)Social, to relieve the population pressure on Europe
B)Religious, to spread the Gospel
C)Economic, the desire for precious metals and new areas for trade

Question 13

Between the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries, how many African slaves were estimated to be shipped to the New World?

A)Ten million
B)Two million
C)Five million

Question 14

Which European state had the first direct contact with China since Marco Polo?

A)Portugal
B)Spain
C)The Dutch Republic

Question 15

Which state was the major western rival to the British in India in the seventeenth century?

A)Portugal
B)France
C)Spain

Question 16

The term encomienda refers to which of the following?

A)A Spanish system devised to collect tribute from indigenous people and to use their labor
B)Spanish officials who supervised local industries
C)Taxes levied on the colonists by the Spanish government

Question 17

Which European state established a settlement at Africa's Cape of Good Hope?

A)The Dutch Republic
B)Portugal
C)England

Question 18

What was the result of Portugal's attempt to dominate Southeast Asian trade?

A)It was a complete success, with Portugal decimating indigenous populations and replacing them with Portuguese colonists.
B)It was never totally successful because Portugal lacked the resources to overcome local resistance.
C)It ended when the Portuguese crown decided that its empire violated Christian moral principles.

Question 19

Why were African slaves shipped to Brazil and the Caribbean?

A)To defeat indigenous empires and pave the way for European domination
B)To mine vast quantities of gold to be shipped to Portugal
C)To work on sugar plantations

Question 20

The first known circumnavigation of the earth is associated with whom?

A)Amerigo Vespucci
B)Ferdinand Magellan
C)John Cabot

Question 21

Describe early Portuguese exploration.

Question 22

According to mercantilist theory, the prosperity of a nation depended on a plentiful supply of which of the following?

A)Bullion
B)Colonies
C)Agricultural surplus

Question 23

All were new navigational techniques and knowledge that spurred European exploration and expansion EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Lateen sails
B)The compass
C)The quadrant and the Pole Star

Question 24

The House of Fugger went bankrupt at the end of the sixteenth century when which of the following defaulted on their loans?

A)The pope
B)The Habsburgs
C)The Venetians

Question 25

Describe Spain's role in the downfall of the Aztec Empire.

Question 26

Describe Spain's role in the downfall of the Inca Empire.

Question 27

What effect did the Treaty of Tordesillas have on Spanish exploration?

Question 28

Which of the following statements best applies to the economy of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe?

A)The joint-stock company enabled the raising of spectacular sums of capital for world trading ventures.
B)The early seventeenth century saw a general stagnation in the areas of mining and metallurgy.
C)Technological innovations improved the lives of peasants dramatically.

Question 29

Before the nineteenth century, which of the following areas was least affected by European power and influence?

A)China and Japan
B)Africa
C)North America

Question 30

When the Potosí mines in Peru opened in 1545, what was the result?

A)The price of silver plummeted for two decades.
B)The cost of precious metals imported into Europe quadrupled.
C)The English fought and lost a war to capture the mines.

Question 31

How did cities catalyze early European expansion?

Question 32

In Japan, what stance did Tokugawa Ieyasu take toward European missions?

A)He expelled all missionaries.
B)He invited Protestant missionaries to visit.
C)He executed all missionaries.

Question 33

Which of the following was the first permanent English settlement in North America?

A)Massachusetts Bay
B)Plymouth
C)Jamestown

Question 34

Where was the religious crusading motive for exploration strongest?

A)Spain and Portugal
B)Florence and Venice
C)England and Denmark

Question 35

Which tools and technologies made exploration feasible?

Question 36

The inflation of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries resulted in which of the following?

A)It brought an abrupt halt to commercial expansion.
B)It was the result of too little money in circulation.
C)It caused a decline in the standard of living for wage earners and those on fixed incomes.

Question 37

Which city was the financial center of Europe in the seventeenth century?

A)Paris
B)London
C)Amsterdam

Question 38

By the end of the seventeenth century, which of the following was true?

A)International trade was much greater than intra-European trade.
B)Wealth was being transferred back to the New World from Europe in the form of raw materials.
C)Local, regional, and intra-European trade was considerably greater than international trade.

Question 39

Which of the following was NOT part of the Columbian exchange?

A)Potatoes from Europe and olive trees from the Americas
B)Horses and cattle from Europe and corn from the Americas
C)Gunpowder from Europe and tobacco from the Americas

Question 40

Which of the following was one of the major economic problems of the sixteenth century in Europe?

A)A dramatic fall in prices
B)A dramatic rise in prices
C)A failure of the grain market

Question 41

Who established the first school for mariners in Europe?

A)King Henry II of France
B)Prince Henry of Portugal
C)King Henry VIII of England

Question 42

What was the most important motive for early exploration, missionary, military, or economic opportunities? Why?

Question 43

What was the importance of the price revolution?

Question 44

Why was slavery important to European ventures in the Americas?

Question 45

Describe the differences between Homo erectus and Homo habilis.

Question 46

How did the Dutch expand their empire?

Question 47

Which tool or technology was the most important to early exploration? Why was it more important than others?

Question 48

Why was sugar such an important good to European colonies in the Americas?

Question 49

What key goods did the French empire in the Americas produce?

Question 50

Who benefited most from European expansion? Who was most harmed?

Question 51

Why did Ieyasu found the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603?

Question 52

How did new Atlantic economies affect the practice of banking?

Question 53

What motivations did the Spanish have for signing the Treaty of Tordesillas? How did the treaty become binding, and what results did it have for Spanish expansion?

Question 54

Portugal became the early leader in European expansion through its contacts with all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)India
B)Newfoundland
C)Bakongo

Question 55

What motivated Portuguese exploration and expansion the most? Why?

Question 56

Describe the role of South Asians in European expansion in South Asia.

Question 57

Describe the Qing economy.

Question 58

Describe important products made in the Americas that were shipped to markets in Europe.

Question 59

Why did the African slave trade arise?

Question 60

Why did Europeans experience inflation at home as the Atlantic economy grew?

Question 61

Spanish expansion and exploration of the New World was best exemplified by which of the following acts?

A)The first circumnavigation of the globe by Amerigo Vespucci
B)The conquest of the Aztec Empire by Cortés
C)The conquest of Mayan civilization by Magellan

Question 62

What results did the slave trade have in Europe, Africa, and the Americas?

Question 63

Who was the sea captain who first made a sea voyage directly from Europe to India?

A)Bartolomeu Dias
B)Ferdinand Magellan
C)Vasco da Gama

Question 64

How had the British East India Company come to control much of South Asia by the mid-1800s? What did their rule rely on?

Question 65

How appropriate is it to refer to this period as the time when the global economy first emerged? What evidence exists to support or undermine this claim?

Question 66

What fundamental principles underpinned the European-run colonial economies of the Americas? How did this shape what goods were produced in the Americas?

Question 67

How did European colonies in the Caribbean differ from European colonies on the eastern seaboard of North America?

Question 68

What policy did Qing officials adopts toward Europeans? Why did they adopt this policy?

Question 69

In the 1440s, among the first profits the Portuguese derived from their maritime exploration and returning ships came from which commodity?

A)Silver
B)African slaves
C)Pepper

Question 70

The development of a Portuguese maritime empire encompassing Malacca and the Malay Peninsula was achieved, in part, through which policy?

A)Ruthless and murderous attacks on Arab settlers in the region
B)The negotiation of four commercial treaties with Arab traders
C)The use of African warriors to defeat the local residents

Question 71

What policy did the Tokugawa shogunate adopt toward Europeans? Why?

Question 72

Why did French colonial governments typically enjoy better relationships with indigenous Americans? What was the result of these relations?

Question 73

What role did the Dutch East India Company play in Dutch expansion? Is it correct to think that the Dutch government had full control over this expansion? Why or why not?

Question 74

Describe the arguments on both sides of the Spanish debate over the natural rights of indigenous Americans. Which doctrine prevailed in practice? Why do you think so?

Question 75

Who gained the most from transatlantic economic relationships, ordinary people, governments, or wealthy city residents? Why?

Question 76

What long-term effects did slavery have in Africa, Europe, and the Americas?