Deck 9: Motivation and Morale

Question 1

Positive reinforcement rewards behavior in an effort to continue the desired behavior

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Vroom's expectancy theory states that employees tend to perform according to the expectations of their superiors, regardless of their actual abilities.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When individual morale is low, employees should first examine themselves.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Recognition is most effective if it can be related to a person's performance rather than to that person's personal qualities.

Question 5

In recent years, police agencies nationwide have experienced increased levels of staff turnover.

Question 6

Most employees believe that satisfying work is more important than increased salary and advancement, if the basic salary is adequate.

Question 7

Negative reinforcement is more effective than positive reinforcement.

Question 8

When employees know an agency's goals and choose to help meet them, this is called external motivation.

Question 9

According to Maslow's theory, people's wants are always increasing and changing.

Question 10

Hygiene factors help explain why many people stick with jobs they do not like.

Question 11

Law enforcement work itself cannot be a motivator.

Question 12

Lack of motivation is often the reason for low morale.

Question 13

Symptoms of an unmotivated officer include lack of respect for other officers and tardiness.

Question 14

Achievement is a motivator.

Question 15

Self-actualization can occur only after all other needs have been satisfied.

Question 16

Reinforcement is more effective if administered a day or two after the behavior instead of immediately following the behavior.

Question 17

When possible, law enforcement managers should promote from within.

Question 18

Self-motivation is primarily derived from __________.

A) the organization
B) within a person
C) external sources
D) a person's manager

Question 19

Key considerations in building morale include salary, the quality of supervision, organizational and public support, physical conditions at work and favoritism.

Question 20

Job rotation can renew individual officers by exposing them to different aspects of police work.

Question 21

Self-actualization refers to __________.

A) affection and self-love
B) self-respect
C) freedom from fear
D) achieving your potential

Question 22

It is usually true that __________.

A) a satisfied need is still a motivator
B) single needs are often totally satisfied
C) employee wants are constantly changing
D) all of these

Question 23

All are signs that an employee may be looking to leave the agency except __________.

A) expressing prolonged disappointment over a missed promotion
B) reviewing training records and updating his or her resume
C) making inquiries to human resources about early retirement or transfer of benefits
D) all are signs that an employee may be looking to leave the agency

Question 24

Techniques for determining causes of low morale include __________.

A) an open door policy
B) listening to employees
C) conducting employee problem surveys
D) all of these

Question 25

Of the following, the most likely to be self-fulfilling is __________.

A) increased wages
B) personal task achievement
C) fringe benefits
D) status symbols

Question 26

Tangible rewards include __________.

A) retirement plans
B) bonuses
C) vacations
D) all of these

Question 27

On average, it costs _________ to train an officer at a academy.

A) $10,000
B) $16,000
C) $12,000
D) $19,000

Question 28

In the two-factor hygiene/motivation theory, motivator factors are __________.

A) intangible rewards that can cause dissatisfaction if lacking
B) intangible rewards that can create satisfaction
C) tangible rewards that can cause dissatisfaction if lacking
D) tangible rewards that can create satisfaction

Question 29

According to your text, which is true about small departments?

A) officers are underpaid
B) they are understaffed
C) they are a training ground for large departments
D) they are less competent than larger departments

Question 30

According to expectancy theory, __________.

A) good work on the job will lead to low job performance
B) high job performance will lead to low job rewards
C) good work on the job will lead to high job performance, which leads to job rewards
D) none of these

Question 31

Reinforcement theory holds that __________.

A) positive reinforcement decreases a given behavior
B) negative reinforcement increases a given behavior
C) positive reinforcement increases a given behavior
D) positive reinforcement should not be used in law enforcement

Question 32

The greatest factor outside the department influencing officer retention is the __________.

A) economy
B) officer's family
C) citizen perception of police
D) lawsuits

Question 33

Of the following hierarchy needs, which could be related to motivation?

A) self-actualization
B) social needs
C) security
D) all of these

Question 34

Which of the following indicates a morale problem?

A) above average productivity
B) consistent interest and enthusiasm
C) lack of respect
D) all of these

Question 35

Which of the following is not a component of contingency theory?

A) people have a basic need to feel competent
B) competence motivation is most likely to exist when task and organization "fit"
C) feeling competent continues to be motivating even after competence is achieved
D) people must feel that their competence is recognized to derive full benefit from it

Question 36

At the base of the hierarchy of needs are _____________ needs, which include air, food, water and sleep.

A) esteem
B) social
C) security
D) physiological

Question 37

According to Maslow, every human has __________ basic needs.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 9

Question 38

The top motivational factor in the hierarchy of needs is __________.

A) self-esteem
B) social needs
C) self-actualization
D) none of these

Question 39

A social need would be __________.

A) water
B) affection
C) self-respect
D) shelter

Question 40

In the two-factor hygiene/motivation theory, hygiene factors are __________.

A) intangible rewards that can cause dissatisfaction if lacking
B) intangible rewards that can create satisfaction
C) tangible rewards that can cause dissatisfaction if lacking
D) tangible rewards that can create satisfaction

Question 41

______ is the most powerful tool supervisors can use to motivate employees.

A) Pay increase
B) Praise
C) Promotion
D) Threats of punishment

Question 42

When criticism is necessary, the supervisor should do all the following except __________.

A) only focus on the criticism
B) not make mountains out of molehills
C) be objective and impersonal
D) correct in private

Question 43

A key conclusion of Skinner's research is that behavior is __________.

A) random and unpredictable
B) unchangeable
C) an involuntary reflex
D) a function of its consequences

Question 44

It is in the best interest of the department and the public that police officers are ____________, understanding and empathetic.

Question 45

In reinforcement theory, _____________ are referred to as negative reinforcement.

Question 46

The individual most able to raise or lower individual and department morale is __________.

A) the manager/supervisor
B) the police chief
C) the mayor
D) the newest rookie

Question 47

Reassigning personnel to different shifts or divisions to allow cross-training is called _________________.

Question 48

______________ is a person's or group's state of mind, level of enthusiasm and amount of involvement with work and with life.

Question 49

_________________ is an inner or outer drive to meet a need or goal.

Question 50

Understanding officers' needs is a critical part of managers' ability to ________ their subordinates.

Question 51

A great way to foster support for officers is to __________.

A) have community cookouts
B) create family programs
C) be open about incidents with the public
D) stress ethics training

Question 52

Job enlargement involves giving additional responsibilities, whereas job enrichment refers to __________.

A) giving officers better-quality jobs
B) giving officers more jobs
C) giving officers everything they need to do their job
D) giving officers more and better jobs

Question 53

Morale is a constant concern for police administrators. According to the text, who is most responsible for morale of police officers __________?

A) police captains
B) police chiefs
C) city managers
D) managers

Question 54

A factor that would tend to raise morale level is __________.

A) employee input
B) improved communications
C) the manager setting a good example
D) all of these

Question 55

Companies with the least employee turnover and the highest morale are those that have successfully communicated the company's __________.

A) vacation and personal leave policies
B) mission and goals
C) termination policies
D) promotion practices

Question 56

Promotions should be based on __________.

A) management qualities
B) seniority
C) technical skills
D) all of these

Question 57

Internal motivators include __________.

A) belief in individual and departmental goals
B) opportunity to make a contribution
C) self-respect
D) all of these

Question 58

Skinner's reinforcement theory suggests that __________.

A) hygiene factors are important
B) motivation factors are relevant
C) positive rewards lead to good behavior
D) desired behavior cannot be obtained

Question 59

When management and supervisors' treatment of an employee largely determines that employee's performance, this is an instance of __________.

A) internal motivators
B) encouragement
C) the Pygmalion effect
D) expectation

Question 60

The Pygmalion effect is a type of __________.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) contingency theory
C) external motivator
D) negative reinforcement

Question 62

List the most common external motivators. Next list what internal motivators include.

Question 63

Motivators that are external and observed and felt by employees are often referred to as __________________ rewards.

Question 64

The phenomenon in which workers are positively affected by receiving attention, which affects research efforts, is referred to as the _______________________ effect.

Question 65

Discuss the various theories that have been used to direct managers' behavior in motivating employees.

Question 67

When an individual has _______________, the person acts in an expected way out of personal choice.

Question 68

List and discuss the various management assessment center methods, providing descriptions and examples of each method.

Question 69

_______________ theory suggests that employees will choose the level of effort that matches the performance opportunity for reward.

Question 72

Discuss the factors influencing retention and what managers can do to improve retention.

Question 73

List the causes of morale problems, and then list the symptoms of morale problems. Discuss what steps management can take to resolve such problems.

Question 76

Increasing the quality of new assignments by adding variety and increasing autonomy is called ______________________.

Question 77

_______________ theory suggests fitting tasks, officers and the agency's goals so that officers can feel competent.