Deck 22: A Larger World Opens

Question 1

The Portuguese government was interested mainly in

A) gaining more territory than the Spanish.
B) gaining control of the Philippines.
C) becoming wealthy through trade in luxury items.
D) being more successful than the Spanish under the mercantile system.
E) finding the fabled cities of gold known as El Dorado.

Answer 1

becoming wealthy through trade in luxury items.

Question 2

Compare and contrast the colonial endeavors of the Dutch, British, and French. Which was most successful? Which least? Why was this so?

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Explain and discuss negative elements (such as genocide) that were engendered by European discovery and conquest in the Americas.

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Europeans began to search in earnest for an alternate route to Eastern Asia after

A) they read the fabulous tales of Marco Polo.
B) they became aware of the spices available there.
C) the city of Constantinople was lost to them as a center of trade.
D) Muslim conquerors introduced them to Eastern wares.
E) the Mongol conquest disrupted their overland trade routes.

Question 5

Compare the early Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. Why did Spain's efforts prove to be the more substantial?

Question 6

Which of these methods of fighting was not preferred by the Europeans in the Americas?

A) warfare on land
B) the cannon
C) strong discipline in battle
D) newer, better methods of rigging ships
E) use of more maneuverable hulls

Question 7

The most spectacular of the early European sea voyages was undertaken by

A) Diaz, who was first to round Africa's treacherous Cape of Good Hope.
B) de Gama, who sailed to India and explored its rich coastline.
C) Cabral, who accidentally discovered Brazil and claimed it for the small empire of Portugal.
D) Vespucci, who was responsible for the naming of the Americas.
E) Magellan, who circumnavigated the globe.

Question 8

The most impressive Spanish venture in exploration was, according to your authors, probably

A) Columbus's discovery of the New World.
B) Hernán Cortés's subjugation of the Aztecs.
C) the exploration of Florida, California, and Arizona.
D) Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe.
E) gaining control of all of Central America.

Question 9

In Brazil, the greatest number of slaves were originally imported for labor in the

A) silver mines.
B) sugarcane fields.
C) tobacco plantations.
D) trading stations.
E) rainforests.

Question 10

Describe the background for European exploration and trade expansion. Discuss the roles of Prince Henry and early Portuguese discoverers.

Question 11

European exploration of the western Atlantic was led by the

A) Vikings.
B) Portuguese.
C) Spanish.
D) Dutch.
E) English.

Question 12

The attitude of the Spanish and the Portuguese toward Native Americans after Christianity was introduced was

A) that of a sort of benign neglect, as long as the natives behaved and paid tribute.
B) a series of restrictive laws that were strictly enforced.
C) an acceptance of the native peoples as equals.
D) a belief that the natives should all be removed from the empire.
E) a feeling that the natives were too child-like to be useful.

Question 13

Describe the Columbian Exchange in detail. Identify key elements that you believe to be of special significance.

Question 14

The slave trade from Africa first became profitable for the Portuguese with

A) the shipping of slaves to Brazil, which Portugal controlled.
B) the breeding of new slave generations in the Americas.
C) sales to European noble families.
D) sales to the Muslims in the Arab countries.
E) shipments to the Caribbean islands.

Question 15

The English fought two wars with the Dutch in the 1600s, both of which they won, making them

A) feel invincible.
B) the world's leading naval power.
C) turn to Indian allies to keep their supremacy.
D) unstoppable in any endeavor.
E) the owners of the profitable port of Singapore.

Question 16

France's colonial policies were more similar to those of which other country?

A) Holland
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) Britain
E) India

Question 17

Muslims preferred to deal with this group, because they were not out to convert the world, but to make money:

A) Portuguese
B) Chinese
C) Dutch
D) English
E) Spanish

Question 18

In actuality, the Portuguese empire consisted mainly of

A) organized military states.
B) established communities.
C) fortified trading stations.
D) slave camps.
E) fur-trading villages.

Question 19

The Dutch were able to become involved in exploration in the late 1500s after they

A) perfected a workable design for a trans-Atlantic sailing ship.
B) ended their domination by Spain.
C) signed a trade agreement with the British.
D) revitalized their coastal ports.
E) became involved in the lucrative slave trade.

Question 20

In the end, Portugal

A) expanded its empire into Japan and Australia.
B) was too poor to maintain its empire.
C) lost interest in extensive overseas commerce.
D) sank into civil war.
E) became one of the wealthiest European empires.

Question 21

The worst economic exploitation of Amerindians by Spain and Portugal occurred under

A) the slave system.
B) the encomienda system.
C) the system of intermarriage.
D) the silver and gold extraction.
E) the plantation system.

Question 22

European colonial policies were dictated mainly by

A) competition for worldwide prestige.
B) the need for markets and raw materials.
C) the stagnation of their economies at home.
D) the desire for more land.
E) the desire to spread Christianity.

Question 23

Ironically, Arab slave traders and Europeans adopted the same beliefs about

A) African inferiority.
B) the nature of God.
C) mercantilism.
D) the inhumanity of slavery.
E) the reasons for taking slaves.

Question 24

As Europeans came to have more contact with other parts of the world, they

A) became reinforced in the belief that they had a moral obligation to enlighten others.
B) began to look on foreigners as fascinating beings for study, but probably uncivilizable.
C) began to develop the concept of the "noble savage," with the accompanying idea that these peoples might be more moral than the Europeans themselves.
D) began to realize that their interest in the natural sciences was shared by most of the world's peoples.
E) became more curious about the rest of the world's peoples, but less interested in interacting with them.

Question 25

The most significant food crop arriving in Europe as a consequence of the Columbian Exchange was

A) the potato.
B) the tomato.
C) maize.
D) squash.
E) sugarcane.

Question 26

As serfs in Europe began to gain their freedom, landlords

A) went bankrupt after years of profligate spending.
B) imported workers from neighboring countries.
C) threw their farmer serfs off the land.
D) left the land and became merchants and bankers.
E) continued to try to force their workers to remain on the land.

Question 27

Unique among Europeans, the ____________________ had no desire to convert the natives to Christianity.

Question 28

Which of the following was a part of the Columbian Exchange?

A) pigs and goats to Europe
B) squash and beans to Europe
C) tobacco to the Western Hemisphere
D) iron to the Western Hemisphere
E) bananas to the Western Hemisphere.

Question 29

The effect of Europeans on Amerindian cultures and those of sub-Saharan Africa could best be described as

A) extensive.
B) totally negative.
C) mostly positive.
D) diverse.
E) unexpected.

Question 30

Fifteenth and sixteenth century voyages of exploration were stimulated mainly by

A) European curiosity about other peoples.
B) the determination to obtain more farming land for a growing population.
C) the individual explorers' hopes of enrichment.
D) the discovery that the Earth was in fact a sphere without "ends."
E) new technology.

Question 31

The coming of Europeans seems to have had the most catastrophic impact on

A) Africans.
B) Amerindians.
C) Eskimos.
D) Muslims.
E) Asians.

Question 32

Exploration was facilitated by partnerships, which

A) guaranteed profits for all involved.
B) set up effective methods for dividing up the work to be done.
C) minimized risks to individual investors.
D) could afford to get involved with the slave trade.
E) established central locations for hiring captains and crews for the ships.

Question 33

The country that suffered the worst inflation from Spain's importation of gold and silver was

A) Holland.
B) England.
C) France.
D) Spain .
E) Portugal.

Question 34

A chief ingredient of Dutch success in carving out an overseas empire was the ____________________ ____________________ Company.

Question 35

Individuals whose ancestry included both Amerindians and whites were labeled ____________________.

Question 36

Virginia and the Carolinas were first established as

A) a refuge for honest debtors.
B) a haven for Quakers.
C) colonies for the rehabilitation of convicts.
D) tobacco-producing colonies.
E) real estate ventures.

Question 37

Captain Alvarez Cabral accidentally discovered ____________________ after being blown off course while attempting to explore ____________________.

Question 38

The Europeans who reaped the greatest benefit from the gold\silver-induced inflation were

A) landlords.
B) merchants.
C) artisans.
D) peasants.
E) clergy.

Question 39

Indian silver and gold enabled ____________________ to become Europe's strongest superpower in the 16^th and 17^th centuries.

Question 40

Mercantilism aimed first of all to

A) secure financial rewards for the entrepreneurs.
B) allow the impoverished a chance to rise in society.
C) bring maximum income to the royal throne.
D) secure a favorable balance of foreign trade.
E) develop a wide range of products for export.

Question 41

The first slaves from Africa were introduced to Europe through ____________________ hands.

Question 42

The first attempt by the English to colonize North America failed miserably, in fact coming to be known as the ____________________ ____________________.

Question 43

After two wars in the mid-1600s, the ____________________ replaced the Dutch as the leading naval power.

Question 44

____________________ were slave-labor estates that existed for a short while in Spanish America and Brazil.

Question 45

____________________ was the dominant economic philosophy during the Age of Discovery.