Deck 13: Courts

Question 1

The ____ means the accused is assumed innocent until proof to the contrary is clearly established.

A) adversary system
B) probable cause standard
C) preponderance of the evidence
D) presumption of innocence
E) discovery process

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The ____ hearing in juvenile court is similar to sentencing in the adult court system.

A) adjudication
B) preliminary
C) disposition
D) grand jury
E) appeals

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3In the ____, the determination as to whether probable cause exists for believing that an offense has been committed and the accused committed it.

A) diversion hearing
B) arraignment
C) preliminary hearing
D) presentment
E) discovery process

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In 1899, the Juvenile Court Act created the first

A) trial court.
B) appellate court.
C) juvenile court.
D) tribal court.
E) community court.

Question 5

At the ____ the youth is questioned about the alleged offense.

A) adjudication hearing
B) preliminary hearing
C) disposition hearing
D) grand jury hearing
E) appeals hearing

Question 6

A major benefit of plea bargaining is that it ____.

A) saves the court time
B) avoids the stigma of a conviction
C) avoids a trial
D) can result in a reduced sentence
E) all of the preceding

Question 7

What type of court focuses on crimes that affect quality-of-life?

A) trial courts
B) appellate courts
C) juvenile courts
D) tribal courts
E) community courts

Question 8

There are ____ U.S. District Court districts.

A) 100
B) 91
C) 75
D) 50
E) 25

Question 9

DWI courts are being established to

A) protect public safety.
B) reduce recidivism.
C) attack the root cause of impaired driving.
D) all of the preceding
E) none of the preceding

Question 10

Leadership in the criminal justice system is usually provided by the

A) defense attorney.
B) prosecutor.
C) judge.
D) jury.
E) probation officer.

Question 11

The goals of ____ are to reduce recidivism, reduce substance abuse and rehabilitate offenders.

A) trial courts
B) appellate courts
C) drug courts
D) tribal courts
E) community courts.

Question 12

A ____ is a document alleging a juvenile is a delinquent, status offender or dependent and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the child.

A) writ of certiorari
B) writ of habeas corpus
C) complaint
D) petition
E) warrant

Question 13

The concept of ____ means the state was responsible for the general protection of all people within its jurisdiction who could not protect themselves, including children.

A) nolo contendere
B) parens patriae
C) voir dire
D) lex talionis
E) pro bono

Question 14

Historically juvenile courts have been ____ systems that stress rehabilitation.

A) informal
B) private
C) non-adversarial
D) all of the preceding
E) none of the preceding

Question 15

It is believed that plea bargaining is involved in ____ of all felony convictions.

A) less than 10 percent.
B) about 25 percent.
C) nearly 50 percent.
D) approximately 75 percent.
E) more than 90 percent.

Question 16

The authority to hear an appeal to set aside a conviction is ____.

A) venue
B) preliminary hearing
C) trial court authority
D) original jurisdiction
E) appellate jurisdiction

Question 17

The one-pot approach resulted from the juvenile court equating poor and abused children with ____.

A) high school dropouts
B) delinquent and criminal children
C) orphans
D) mentally ill children
E) terminally ill children

Question 18

A basic element of domestic violence court is ____.

A) education
B) strict monitoring of convicted offenders
C) individualized counseling
D) group counseling
E) community service

Question 19

Our criminal justice system is based on

A) an adversary system.
B) the presumption of guilt.
C) trials with little plea negotiations
D) a person's ability to pay for justice.
E) all of the preceding

Question 20

____ is a legal negotiation between the prosecutor and the defense lawyer where they reach an agreement that avoids a trial.

A) Arraignment
B) Indictment
C) Plea bargaining
D) Writ of habeas corpus.
E) Complaint

Question 21

If a defendant chooses to waive a jury and appear before the judge only, this is called a(n) ____.

A) arraignment
B) no-bill
C) petition
D) bench trial
E) plea bargain

Question 22

Appellate jurisdiction has the ability to try cases.

Question 23

The Supreme Court establishes the court structure for each state.

Question 24

A court with the authority to try cases is often called a(n) ____________________.

Question 25

Police officers must become familiar with each step of the criminal justice process so they can intelligently bring about desired results.

Question 26

A person who has been "R.P.R.d" has been ____________________.

Question 27

The degree of proof necessary to obtain a conviction is ____.

A) preponderance of the evidence
B) beyond a reasonable doubt
C) probable cause
D) guilt by association
E) all of the preceding

Question 28

Compare and contrast the juvenile court and adult court systems.

Question 29

Mental health courts, drug courts and juvenile courts are all forms of ____________________.

Question 30

____________________ are neighborhood-based courts that seek to solve local problems.

Question 31

Tribal courts hear cases pertaining to Native American law that affect both Native Americans and non-Native Americans living or operating a business on a reservation.

Question 32

Mental health courts are in operation in every state.

Question 33

Community courts apply the principles of involvement, balanced and restorative justice, offender accountability, and links to treatment and other services.

Question 34

The Indian Reorganization Act (1934) resulted in the re-emergence of ____________________.

Question 35

The most important rule for testifying in court is ____.

A) maintain eye contact with the jury and the prosecutor
B) be sure your field notes are complete
C) be sure your field notes are clear
D) always tell the truth
E) all of the preceding

Question 36

The first woman Supreme Court Justice was ____________________.

Question 37

Plea bargaining accounts for more than 90 percent of all criminal convictions in the United States.

Question 38

Through ____ the defense attorney tries to discredit prosecution witnesses.

A) the discovery process
B) diversion
C) cross-examination
D) plea bargaining
E) judicial waiver

Question 39

The first black Supreme Court justice was ____________________.

Question 40

A(n) ____________________ is a request for a transcript of the proceedings of the case for review.

Question 41

Identify the key players in the judicial process. Outline the roles of each.

Question 42

Outline and discuss the role of the prosecutor. Include discussion on the dual role of the prosecutor.

Question 43

Identify and discuss specialized courts. Outline the purposes, advantages, and disadvantages of each.

Question 44

Identify and discuss the alternatives to a trial. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?