Deck 25: The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Question 1

The industrial giants that appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century

A) often were alliances of boards of directors, professional managers, and financiers allied with banks.
B) operated far-flung empires of enormous mechanized factories.
C) usually employed unskilled, low-paid labor.
D) financed and utilized scientific advances.
E) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Following its invention in 1876, the telephone

A) spread rapidly throughout the industrialized world.
B) was adopted for use by ordinary people in the United States only.
C) was not widely used for another twenty-five years.
D) led to a revolution in naval warfare.
E) came into immediate competition with the radio.

Answer 2

was not widely used for another twenty-five years.

Question 3

In 1850, most people were

A) servants.
B) farmers.
C) textile workers.
D) employed in factories.
E) miners.

Answer 3

farmers.

Question 4

Assembly-line production originated with

A) Henry Ford.
B) Emil Jellinek.
C) Gottfried Daimler.
D) Karl Benz.
E) Armand Peugeot.

Question 5

The first phase of the second industrial revolution did NOT include

A) the permanent shift to machine power.
B) the creation of labor unions.
C) the dominance of cartels and monopolies.
D) government action to improve the urban environment.
E) laws to protect women and children in the workplace.

Question 6

Which generalization about urbanization in the late nineteenth century is NOT accurate?

A) In rapidly developing countries, cities tended to integrate ethnic minorities into the country's dominant ethnic group.
B) New professional social workers, city planners, and transportation and sanitation engineers replaced civic-minded volunteers.
C) Sanitation, public order, and public transportation improved significantly.
D) Urban populations yearned for the idyllic lifestyle of the countryside.
E) Education, the press, and patriotic campaigns made city dwellers into loyal citizens.

Question 7

The fusion of the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions by 1900 is exemplified by

A) the increasing use of electricity and petroleum as opposed to steam.
B) the development and wide use of synthetic materials.
C) the development of the internal combustion and diesel engines.
D) a revolution in medicine including the anesthetics and antiseptics.
E) all of the above

Question 8

According to the text, how long did it take for Europe to lay a foundation of cheap labor, plentiful agricultural commodities, and relatively inexpensive transportation and communication systems?

A) fifty years up to 1850
B) one hundred years up to 1870
C) o ne hundred years up to 1850
D) f ifty years up to 1850
E) one hundred years up to 1900

Question 9

Which of the following does the text identify as the early champion of "scientific management" and teaching management in schools of business?

A) the United States
B) France
C) Britain
D) Germany
E) Belgium

Question 10

The term  second industrial revolution refers to rapid social and political changes that took place beginning in

A) 1815.
B) 1830.
C) 1848.
D) 1860.
E) 1870.

Question 11

According to the text, what was unusual about the Czechs and the Basques?

A) They successfully resisted assimilation in the newly unified states: Germany and Italy.
B) They were two ethnic minorities whose national consciousness actually rose because of industrialization.
C) Urbanization seriously undermined these once well-organized ethnic groups.
D) Though their languages underwent a renaissance in the nineteenth century, their national consciousness declined.
E) none of the above

Question 12

Between 1850 and World War I

A) technology had little impact on the number of skilled and unskilled workers.
B) workers experienced a rise in its standard of living, thanks to government and trade union actions and a general rise in productivity.
C) little public sympathy existed for even the poorest and most exploited workers.
D) the monotony and danger of early industrial jobs declined significantly as the result of the application of new technologies.
E) all of the above

Question 13

In the late nineteenth century, the term Taylorizing meant

A) mass production of once-tailored garments.
B) the pursuit of monopolistic goals.
C) scientific management of businesses.
D) establishment of mail-order houses.
E) the adoption of new technology in industry.

Question 14

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the values of which of the following served as the model for society?

A) the middles class
B) aristocrats
C) the working class
D) artisans
E) the army

Question 15

Which megalopolis was home to five million people by 1880 and seven million by 1914?

A) Vienna
B) New York
C) Berlin
D) Paris
E) London

Question 16

As suffrage was extended to working class males

A) the working classes in Europe organized political parties of their own.
B) the working classes in the United States backed already existing parties.
C) mainstream Marxist parties remained faithful to the goal of a socialist revolution.
D) revisionist Marxist parties argued that the ballot box, not a violent revolution, will end capitalism.
E) all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following did governments use to expand their authority and control their citizens during the later nineteenth century?

A) military conscription
B) public education
C) broad taxation
D) nationalism
E) all of the above

Question 18

The "captains of industry" did NOT succeed in gaining which of the following by 1900?

A) access to noble status
B) the fascination of the public
C) access to politicians, some of who had nicknames as a result: the railroad senator or the oil senator
D) control of the highest echelons of the military
E) acquisition of astonishing wealth and power

Question 19

After 1870, the working class changed because

A) artisans and skilled laborers continued to lose their semi-independent economic status.
B) peasants continued to be pushed off the land, becoming urban workers as a result.
C) men replaced women and children.
D) workers' purchasing power rose because prices for food and other items dropped.
E) all of the above

Question 20

The "cult of domesticity" was everything EXCEPT

A) the ideal that women should stay at home and not work.
B) a continuation of the traditional role of women.
C) a bourgeois ideal that was increasingly being adopted by the working class.
D) a major factor in making the world of work into a man's world.
E) a major change in Western society.

Question 21

Jean Jaurès believed that

A) capitalism was creating a new feudalism where the rich controlled society.
B) Alfred Dreyfus was guilty of treason.
C) France should fight in World War I.
D) unrestrained capitalism was the best way to move society forward.
E) the French state and the Catholic Church could be reconciled.

Question 22

The Paris Commune (1871)

A) contained a wide variety of opinions.
B) refused to agree with the Provisional Governments surrender to Prussia.
C) ruled Paris for two months.
D) inspired radicals in other countries.
E) all of the above

Question 23

Included in the Liberals' tax plan that struck out at aristocratic privilege was

A) an increase in income taxes.
B) higher "death duties."
C) levies on rents and increases in the value of land.
D) the imposition of taxes on investments.
E) all of the above

Question 24

The Third Republic in France

A) was incredibly popular.
B) conclusively defeated all of its enemies.
C) governed in a period when Paris was greatly reduced as a cultural center of Europe.
D) witnessed strong anti-Semitism and anticlericalism.
E) none of the above

Question 25

Germany under Bismarck had an authoritarian government

A) with a federation of twelve states.
B) without universal manhood suffrage.
C) that included a parliament, the Reichstag.
D) whose chancellor and cabinet were controlled by the aristocrats.
E) all of the above

Question 26

Among those who championed the cause of Alfred Dreyfus were

A) radical republicans.
B) university students.
C) writers including Anatole France.
D) socialists.
E) all of the above ​

Question 27

Which country was the first to enact a comprehensive system of social legislation including insurance against illness, disability, accidents, and old age?

A) Bismarck's Germany
B) the French Third Republic
C) Disraeli's Britain
D) the United States
E) Victor Emmanuel's Italy

Question 28

On the subject of extending the vote to women

A) the European intelligentsia and women themselves were divided.
B) Socialists argued that woman's emancipation needed to go further.
C) radicals in France, Spain, and Italy feared that women would be dominated by reactionary religious leaders.
D) Conservatives feared that women's rights would destroy the family.
E) all of the above

Question 29

The Ulster Volunteers were

A) Irish nationalists who pressed for independence.
B) members of the House of Lords who repeatedly voted against home rule.
C) a private army in Ireland organized by the Protestant Irish.
D) the leaders of the Easter Rising in 1916.
E) the elite Irish volunteers who fought on the side of the Germans in World War I.

Question 30

Who created the Labour party in Britain?

A) J. Kier Hardie
B) Winston Churchill
C) Lloyd George
D) Charles Stuart Parnell
E) Herbert Asquith

Question 31

The southern part of Ireland gained its independence

A) when the English leadership under Gladstone was pressured by the Fenians in the 1880s.
B) by siding with the Germans in World War I.
C) when the rebellion in Dublin, called the Easter Rebellion, succeeded in 1916.
D) when Lloyd George negotiated a settlement to divide Ireland after World War I.
E) none of the above

Question 32

Josephine Butler felt that

A) the number of liquor establishments in lower-class districts should be restricted.
B) women should focus on self-improvement and legal means to raise their status in society rather than to focus on the vote.
C) the Labour Party needed to support the strikes of the "match girls."
D) the traditional place of women in British society was correct.
E) women should engage in necessary illegal demonstrations to advance the cause of suffrage.

Question 33

British lords finally lost their veto power

A) through statute law.
B) through a decision of the High Court of England.
C) by the Parliament Act of 1911.
D) through what began as a temporary war measure.
E) when King Edward VII created new progressive peers.

Question 34

In addition to the establishment of the German Empire, the Franco-Prussian War led to the

A) fall of Napoleon III's (Louis Napoleon's) government.
B) Paris Commune, which became a powerful symbol of radical revolt.
C) violent suppression of the Communards by the provisional government.
D) establishment of the Third Republic that lasted for seventy years.
E) all of the above

Question 35

In the 1850s

A) captains of industry came to dominate British politics.
B) country gentlemen continued to dominate British politics.
C) labor unions came to dominate British politics.
D) yeomen farmers continued to dominate British politics.
E) Britain had become the freest country in the world, and as such no single group dominated.

Question 36

The Liberal-Conservative rivalry in British politics

A) led to the extension of the vote to city workers in 1867.
B) resulted in compulsory education.
C) created a significant expansion of suffrage in 1884.
D) was embodied by the rivalry of Gladstone and Disraeli.
E) all of the above ​

Question 37

Hubertine Auclert argued in  La Citoyenne that  the vote would

A) restore the dignity of women.
B) allow for women's economic emancipation.
C) increase women's maternal influence for the good of the state.
D) be for the ultimate good of all humanity.
E) all of the above

Question 38

The Taff Vale decision of 1901

A) awarded damages to workers for demonstrated mistreatment by employers.
B) gave considerable strength to unions by legalizing their expansion.
C) was repealed in 1906 after elections in the new Labour Party gained twenty-nine seats.
D) was introduced by Liberals David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill.
E) all of the above

Question 39

The term the people's budget referred to

A) the Parliament Act of 1911.
B) Russian demands to redress worker poverty.
C) a British bill to aid the aged and the unemployed by taxing the rich.
D) German liberal demands to curtail military spending.
E) the program of the Labour Party.

Question 40

Why did Bismarck wage the Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church?

A) As a Protestant, he abhorred the doctrine of Papal infallibility.
B) The Catholic Church had backed France in the Franco-Prussian War.
C) Bismarck believed that Catholics were not reliable citizens since their primary loyalty lay with the Pope.
D) Catholics formed a large majority and actively opposed Bismarck's government.
E) all of the above

Question 41

The Imperial Duma

A) allowed everyone in Russia a voice in politics.
B) was started after the Russo-Japanese War.
C) was embraced by Nicholas II.
D) embodied Bismarck's goal of German nationalism.
E) all of the above

Question 42

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"second industrial revolution"

Question 43

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
mass-production

Question 44

Which of the following counters the labeling of the nineteenth century as a golden age?

A) the persistence of autocratic governments in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe
B) the immense power of traditional institutions and groups
C) the failure to reconcile class and national conflicts
D) the repression of opposition and suppression of minorities
E) all of the above

Question 45

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
mechanization

Question 46

Official nationality, the ideology of Russian superiority, was created by

A) Peter the Great.
B) Catherine the Great.
C) the Russian officers who rebelled in 1825.
D) Nicholas I.
E) Alexander II.

Question 47

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
urbanization

Question 48

In the United States, the "gentleman's agreement" dealt with Asian immigration

A) by encouraging only males to immigrate from Asia.
B) by calling for more immigration to build railroads in the Rocky Mountains.
C) by stopping immigration from China but excluding immigration from Japan.
D) by allowing Asian men special rights upon arrival in California.
E) by excluding Asian women from voting.

Question 49

When Bismarck banned the Socialist Party in Germany

A) liberals raised a clamor protesting this action.
B) he used the excuse of assassination attempts on the emperor's life.
C) the Junkers protested and demanded their return.
D) the Social Democratic Party in Germany was effectively destroyed.
E) workers organized the German Worker's Association in response.

Question 50

The political situation in the German Empire in 1914 included all the following EXCEPT

A) both the Catholic Center Party and the socialist SPD had been strengthened by Bismarck's attacks.
B) the government retained many features of an absolutist monarchy.
C) the SPD was the largest party in the Reichstag.
D) the liberal parties were trying to make the chancellor answerable to the Reichstag rather than to the emperor.
E) the SPD offered workers an alternative way of life, including youth, sports, and cultural organizations.

Question 51

In which of the following ways did industrialization in the United States differ from industrialization in Britain?

A) The government provided a stable framework for commerce.
B) The government was relatively non-interventionist.
C) There was a significant influx of foreign capital.
D) Private property rather than public property exploited natural resources.
E) Only the United States had a ready source of labor.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT true of the U.S. government?

A) It encouraged free enterprise.
B) It fostered railroad building.
C) It allowed free immigration.
D) It regulated tariffs.
E) It provided social legislation similar to that of Bismarck's Germany.

Question 53

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
ennobled

Question 54

How did industrialization in Russia strain the country's unity?

A) Agriculture was impoverished.
B) Mobility, literacy, and contact with Europe increased political agitation.
C) A new class of discontent exploited industrial workers was created.
D) Alienation accompanied industrialization.
E) all of the above

Question 55

In his campaign against socialists, Bismarck

A) argued that socialists were not good citizens because their primary loyalty was to the working class and not to Germany.
B) attempted to drive a wedge between the German Workers' Association and the German Social Democratic Party (SPD).
C) outlawed their meetings and papers.
D) made Germany the first state to enact a comprehensive package of social legislation to make life more secure for workers.
E) all of the above

Question 56

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
conscription

Question 57

In the late nineteenth century, even after reforms, how many of Italy's 27 million citizens could participate in the state's constitutional monarchy?

A) 500,000
B) 2 million
C) 5 million
D) 10 million
E) 12 million

Question 58

Which of these is NOT an accomplishment of Russia post-1850?

A) construction of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
B) end of Serfdom
C) defeat of Japan in the Russo-Japanese War
D) growth of industrialization
E) the flowering of Russian literature and thought

Question 59

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Taylorism

Question 60

In its competition with its European neighbors, Russia had the following weaknesses EXCEPT

A) large distances, bad weather, poor transportation, and communication.
B) a lack of natural resources.
C) negligible influence from the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, or the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions.
D) ethnic, religious, and cultural disunity contained by force.
E) an overwhelming agricultural economy with a tiny middle class.

Question 61

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).



Locate and label the states associated with the following: home rule, Communards, Fenians, the Kulturkampf, and Fabian socialism.

Question 62

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pan-Slavism

Question 63

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
anticlericalism

Question 64

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Dreyfus affair

Question 65

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Kulturkampf

Question 66

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Catholic Center Party

Question 67

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
Judging by the evidence presented in this chapter, were labor unions important in raising worker standards of living in western Europe, or not?

Question 68

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
syndicalism

Question 69

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"match girls"

Question 70

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
home rule

Question 71

Instructions: Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).



Locate and label at least five cities that had one lakh or more inhabitants between 1800 and 1900.

Question 72

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"people's budget"

Question 73

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Third Republic

Question 74

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
What developments characterized the "second industrial revolution"? How did the pace and processes of industrialization between 1870 and World War I differ from earlier industrialization?

Question 75

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
What were some of the problems associated with urbanization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

Question 76

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Communards

Question 77

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question.
The text refers to trends affecting the working class that were quite obvious in Western Europe by the 1890s. What were they?

Question 78

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
suffrage

Question 79

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
anathema

Question 80

Key Terms
Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
"Russian soul"