Deck 11: Nutrition

Question 1

Protein is needed for the formation of

A) enzymes
B) hormones
C) antibodies
D) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Excessive consumption of carbohydrates may lead to

A) obesity
B) kwashiorkor
C) kidney damage
D) both a and c

Answer 2

obesity

Question 3

How many amino acids have been identified as vital for proper growth, development, and maintenance of health?

A) 22
B) 13
C) 9
D) 6

Answer 3

22

Question 4

The base of the Food Guide Pyramid, signifying the types of foods that should be consumed in the largest proportion, is

A) fats
B) grains
C) carbohydrates
D) proteins

Question 5

It is recommended to limit fat intake to what percentage of total calories consumed?

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 6

The Food Guide Pyramid is scheduled to undergo changes by the USDA due to

A) newer understanding of proper nutrition
B) epidemic numbers of overweight people in the United States
C) considerations for the aging population
D) addition of dietary supplements to the pyramid

Question 7

Which nutrient provides the most concentrated source of calories (9 kcal per gram)?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) protein
D) amino acids

Question 8

Good cholesterol is known as

A) LDL
B) HDL
C) VLDL
D) triglycerides

Question 9

A chronic disease that develops over years as a result of a deficiency in total caloric intake is called

A) kwashiorkor
B) cretinism
C) marasmus
D) pellagra

Question 10

Water-soluble vitamins include

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E

Question 11

Amino acids that must be derived from dietary sources and cannot be synthesized by the body are called

A) essential amino acids
B) dietary amino acids
C) nonessential amino acids
D) nonsynthesized amino acids

Question 12

The Food Guide Pyramid is divided into how many sections?

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) eight

Question 13

Carbohydrates that are not immediately used by the body are stored as

A) glucose
B) lipoproteins
C) disaccharides
D) glycogen

Question 14

The lipoprotein that transports cholesterol from the body to the liver for metabolism, considered the "good cholesterol," is

A) HDL (high-density lipoproteins)
B) triglycerides
C) LDL (low-density lipoproteins)
D) VLDL (very low-density lipoproteins)

Question 15

The types of lipids found in the body include all of the following EXCEPT

A) cholesterol
B) bile salts
C) phospholipids
D) lipase

Question 16

The recommended daily requirement of protein is

A) 100 grams
B) 9 grams
C) 0.8 gram per kilogram of body weight
D) 9 grams per kilogram of body weight

Question 17

Cholesterol is primarily produced in what organ?

A) kidneys
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) liver

Question 18

Current dietary goals in the United States recommend that carbohydrates constitute what percentage of total calories consumed?

A) 20 to 40 percent
B) 40 to 55 percent
C) 55 to 60 percent
D) 60 to 75 percent

Question 19

Proteins are complex nitrogenous compounds that are composed of large combinations of

A) phospholipids
B) carbohydrates
C) amino acids
D) lipoproteins

Question 20

Which of the following nutrients provides the most energy for the body?

A) carbohydrates
B) fats
C) proteins
D) vitamins

Question 21

Iodine is an essential micronutrient for which of the following hormones?

A) cortisol
B) adrenaline
C) thyroxine
D) testosterone

Question 22

Which vitamin is important for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin K
D) Vitamin B complex

Question 23

Which vitamin is essential for skeletal growth, reproduction, and visual acuity?

A) retinol
B) riboflavin
C) pyridoxine
D) menadione

Question 24

Parenteral nutrition should be undertaken within

A) 6 to 12 hours
B) 12 to 24 hours
C) 1 to 3 days
D) 3 to 7 days

Question 25

Vitamin B₃ is also called

A) niacin
B) ergocalciferol
C) nicotinic acid
D) both a and c

Question 26

Which of the following statements about calcium is false?

A) It is required for the transmission of nerve impulses.
B) It is required for blood coagulation.
C) It is required for the elimination of urine.
D) It is required for cardiac function.

Question 27

Excessive amounts of which minerals in drinking water may result in discoloration of the teeth?

A) copper
B) fluoride
C) iodine
D) zinc

Question 28

The ____________________ complex is a group of water-soluble vitamins that can be destroyed from heat and prolonged cooking.

Question 29

Serum LDL levels can be decreased by using ____________________ fats (olive, peanut, and canola oils).

Question 30

Copper accumulation in the liver may cause

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Crohn's disease
C) Addison's disease
D) Wilson's disease

Question 31

Which vitamin is given to patients with hemorrhage disorders?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K

Question 32

An excessive intake of toxic amounts of one or more vitamins, especially over long periods, is called ____________________.

Question 33

Which vitamin is converted from cholesterol in the skin by ultraviolet light?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin A
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin D

Question 34

Excess fat in the diet is deposited in the body as stored ____________________ tissue.

Question 35

LDL (low-density lipoproteins) levels can be decreased by

A) exercise
B) decreased dietary intake of cholesterol
C) increased water intake
D) both a and b

Question 36

Which vitamins are least likely to cause adverse effects when taken in overdose?

A) Vitamin B complex
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin A

Question 37

Hypermagnesemia is usually caused by

A) renal insufficiency
B) cardiac failure
C) stroke
D) heart attack

Question 38

The ____________________ is the main regulator of sodium levels in the body.

Question 39

Vitamin B₁ is also called

A) riboflavin
B) niacin
C) thiamin
D) pyridoxine

Question 40

Which vitamin is also called cyanocobalamin?

A) B₁
B) B₂
C) B₆
D) B₁₂

Question 41

A pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients is called ____________________.

Question 42

The standards for food labeling and enforcement are the responsibility of the ____________________.

Question 43

Parenteral nutrition given by the peripheral route should not exceed ____________________ percent dextrose concentration.

Question 44

The recommended daily requirement of protein is 0.8 gram of protein for each ____________________ of body weight.

Question 45

Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, are often the result of ____________________ therapy.

Question 46

Trace elements are generally defined as those having required intake of less than ____________________ mg per day.

Question 47

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin in the ____________________.

Question 48

Keratomalacia results from deficiency of ____________________.

Question 49

Delivery of nutrients through a gastrointestinal (GI) tube, or the ingestion of food orally, is called ____________________.

Question 50

Iron is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin and ____________________.

Question 51

An acute process that develops within weeks due to poor protein intake with adequate or slightly inadequate caloric intake is called ____________________.

Question 52

____________________ is a chronic disease resulting from a deficiency in total caloric intake; depletion of fat and skeletal protein occurs to meet the metabolic needs of the body.

Question 53

Carbohydrates are either absorbed immediately by the body or stored in the form of ____________________.

Question 54

The trace element ____________________ is introduced into drinking water or applied directly to teeth to prevent tooth decay.

Question 55

Severe deficiency of vitamin B₃ (niacin) may result in ____________________.

Question 56

Nutrition that is supplied via the peripheral or central venous routes to meet the metabolic needs of the patient is called ____________________.

Question 57

Almost 80 percent of the iodine present in the body is in the ____________________ gland.

Question 58

Phosphorus is essential for the metabolism of protein, glucose, and ____________________.

Question 59

Vitamin A ester is an example of ____________________ lipids.

Question 60

A water-soluble vitamin that is essential for the formation of collagen and gums is known as ____________________.

Question 62

Explain the major source of food for the people of the world.

Question 63

Explain the terms "malnutrition," "kwashiorkor," and "marasmus." How would a patient look who presented with kwashiorkor? How would a patient look who presented with marasmus?

Question 64

What are some signs of protein deficiency? How does the body use protein?

Question 65

Explain the toxicity of vitamins A and D in the body.

Question 66

What are major minerals? Give six examples.

Question 67

Explain the term "pharma food." What is one example of a current use of pharma food as it relates to pharmaceuticals?

Question 68

What are signs and symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency? How is it treated?

Question 69

Explain polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats.

Question 70

What are common types of lipids? Give two examples of each.

Question 71

What is the indication for enteral nutrition? What is the indication for parenteral nutrition? What advantages are there for utilizing enteral nutrition instead of parenteral nutrition when plausible?