Deck 2: Cellular Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The mitochondria

A) are involved with cell secretions
B) contain digestive enzymes that digest protein molecules
C) assist in breaking down carbohydrates, fat, and proteins into energy
D) is the brain for the cell's metabolic activity and cell division

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Lysosomes

A) assist in digesting old, worn-out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria and foreign materials
B) are the brain for the cell's metabolic activity and cell division
C) are involved with cell secretions
D) has openings through which substances can travel from the cytoplasm to the nucleus

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The nucleolus

A) contains ribosomes composed of RNA and protein
B) is nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell
C) is the brain for the cell's metabolic activity and cell division
D) functions to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following are the body's major source of cell energy?

A) carbohydrates
B) nucleic acids
C) proteins
D) lipids

Question 5

Which of the following function to store energy, insulate our bodies from cold, assist with digestion, and help to lubricate our joints?

A) nucleic acids
B) carbohydrates
C) lipids
D) amino acids

Question 6

The cytoplasm

A) functions to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis
B) assists in channeling proteins and lipids into and out of the nucleus
C) is where catabolism and anabolism occur in the cell
D) are involved with cell respiration

Question 7

The nucleus

A) looks like a coiled ladder
B) is the most vital cell organelle
C) exist as single units in the cytoplasm, or as clusters called polyribosomes
D) contain digestive enzymes that digest protein molecules

Question 8

RNA

A) assists with and controls protein synthesis
B) is a two-layered membrane which surrounds the cell nucleus
C) is the constricted area of the chromosome that separates the chromosome into two arms
D) is the period between cell division when DNA is being synthesized

Question 9

The endoplasmic reticulum

A) functions to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis
B) assists in channeling proteins and lipids into and out of the nucleus
C) are involved with cell respiration
D) are involved with cell secretions

Question 10

Which of the following group of proteins are found in all living cells, and act as organic catalysts?

A) lipids
B) enzymes
C) carbohydrates
D) nucleic acids

Question 11

DNA

A) passes genetic information from cell to cell, and ultimately from generation to generation
B) assist in digesting old, worn-out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria and foreign materials
C) is involved with cell respiration
D) is involved with cell secretion

Question 12

The Golgi apparatus

A) assist in digesting old, worn-out cell parts, dead cells, bacteria and foreign materials
B) is the brain for the cell's metabolic activity and cell division
C) are involved with cell secretions
D) assist in breaking down carbohydrates, fat, and proteins into energy

Question 13

Which of the following is defined as the combination of two or more tissues which are combined to perform a specific function?

A) cell
B) tissue
C) organ
D) system

Question 14

Which of the following assist in growth, construct new tissues, and repair injured or worn out cells?

A) proteins
B) enzymes
C) lipids
D) carbohydrates

Question 15

The cell membrane

A) functions to separate the cell's interior from its exterior surroundings
B) is located within the cytoplasm and help with cell functioning
C) functions to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis
D) assists in channeling proteins and lipids into and out of the nucleus

Question 16

The nuclear membrane

A) is the brain for the cell's metabolic activity and cell division
B) contains digestive enzymes that digest protein molecules
C) is nicknamed the powerhouse of the cell
D) has openings which allow substances to travel from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 17

The centrosome and centrioles

A) assist in channeling proteins and lipids into and out of the nucleus
B) function to organize the spindle fibers during cell mitosis
C) is where catabolism and anabolism occur in the cell
D) are involved with cell respiration

Question 18

Which of the following contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and phosphorus, and are the largest known organic molecules?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Question 19

Which of the following are considered to be the building blocks of proteins?

A) enzymes
B) lipids
C) amino acids
D) carbohydrates

Question 20

Which of the following are inorganic compounds that maintain the osmotic pressure of the cell by maintaining the correct proportion of water in the cell?

A) sodium and potassium
B) nucleic acids
C) lipids
D) proteins

Question 21

In humans, the somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes in the nucleus, of which 44 are _____ (nonsex chromosomes), and two are sex chromosomes.

A) gametes
B) diploid
C) haploid
D) autosomes

Question 22

The normal number of chromosomes for humans is 46. This number is termed the _____ number, or 2n.

A) haploid
B) gamete
C) diploid
D) autosome

Question 23

One of the usually paired and parallel strands of a duplicated chromosome joined by a single centromere is the definition of a

A) nucleolus
B) chromatid
C) polymer
D) macromolecule

Question 24

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages during mitosis?

A) prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
B) prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
C) prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 25

Which of the following is the linear thread of a cell nucleus?

A) polymer
B) gamete
C) chromosome
D) RNA

Question 26

The number of chromosomes in germ cells is referred to as the _____ or n number.

A) autosome
B) gamete
C) diploid
D) haploid

Question 27

The gap or growth period between telophase and the start of DNA synthesis when the DNA is not replicating is termed

A) G1
B) G2
C) prophase
D) metaphase

Question 28

The nondividing cell is in the segment of the cell cycle known as _____, which is subdivided into G1, S, and G2.

A) telophase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) interphase

Question 29

The cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell and a mitotic division is termed

A) interphase
B) mitosis
C) G1
D) meiosis

Question 30

Which of the following is the mature male or female reproductive cell?

A) autosome
B) haploid
C) diploid
D) gamete

Question 31

The period of DNA synthesis or replication is termed

A) G1
B) G2
C) interphase
D) S-phase

Question 32

It is during mitosis that cells are most

A) radioresistant
B) mature
C) radiosensitive
D) anabolic

Question 33

The point or region on a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis and meiosis is termed the

A) nuclear membrane
B) chromatid
C) centromere
D) chromatin

Question 34

The type of cell division involving somatic cells in which a parent cell divides to create two daughter cells that contain the same chromosome number and DNA content as the parent is termed

A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) interphase
D) S-phase

Question 35

The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle is termed

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 36

The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes become arranged in the equatorial plane of the spindle is termed

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 37

The initial stage of mitosis and of the mitotic division of meiosis characterized by the condensation of chromosomes consisting of two chromatids, disappearance of the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, and formation of mitotic spindle is termed

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 38

The final stage of mitosis and of the second division of meiosis in which the spindle disappears and the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes is termed

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 39

The most radioresistant phase of the cell cycle is in late

A) G1 phase
B) G2 phase
C) interphase
D) S-phase

Question 40

Which of the following is the basic unit of heredity which has a specific location on a chromosome?

A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) gamete
D) gene

Question 41

During meiosis, or reduction division

A) the cell divides twice in succession, but chromosomes are duplicated only one time
B) the cell divides twice in succession, and chromosomes are duplicated twice
C) the cell divides only once, and chromosomes are duplicated only one time
D) the cell divides only once, but chromosomes are duplicated twice

Question 42

After DNA is replicated, cells utilize several other enzymes to _____ their work and correct mistakes from the replication process.

A) analyze
B) determine
C) proofread
D) investigate