Deck 6: Protection of Personnel

Question 1

The cardinal rules of radiation protection include:
1. time
2. distance
3. shielding

A) 1 only
B) 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following people should be asked to hold a patient who needs physical support during an exposure?

A) radiographer
B) male friend
C) pregnant female friend
D) radiologist

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Leakage radiation from the x-ray tube housing shall not exceed _____ mR/hr at a distance of 1 meter from the tube.

A) 0.1
B) 1.0
C) 10
D) 100

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A type of dosimeter consisting of radiation dosimetry film to determine the amount of exposure personnel have received is the

A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)
B) optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)
C) film badge
D) pen dosimeter

Question 5

The exposure switch cord on a mobile unit must be long enough to allow the radiographer to stand back at least _____ feet during the exposure.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6

Question 6

The measurement of ionizing radiation doses to personnel is termed

A) bone marrow dose
B) dosimetry
C) early effect
D) workload

Question 7

A device containing lithium fluoride or calcium fluoride crystals to calculate the amount of personnel exposure is the

A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)
B) optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)
C) film badge
D) pen dosimeter

Question 8

Uncontrolled area design limits require barriers to reduce the exposure rate to less than _____ mrem/week.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 10

Question 9

How many rems whole body cumulative exposure would a 50-year-old radiographer be allowed to receive?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 50
D) 100

Question 10

Primary protective barriers must consist of _____ inch lead.

A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/32

Question 11

How tall must primary protective barriers be?

A) 2 feet
B) 3 feet
C) 5 feet
D) 7 feet

Question 12

Lead aprons worn during a mobile exam must have a lead equivalency of at least _____ mm.

A) 0.1
B) 0.5
C) 1.0
D) 5.0

Question 13

Guidelines for an institution's radiation monitoring program are established by the

A) hospital administrator
B) radiation safety officer
C) chief radiographer
D) radiologist

Question 14

Protective lead gloves must have a minimum lead equivalency of at least _____ mm lead.

A) 0.0025
B) 0.025
C) 0.25
D) 2.5

Question 15

A device which uses an ionization chamber to determine personal exposure level is the

A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)
B) optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)
C) film badge
D) pen dosimeter

Question 16

Diagnostic radiology personnel may receive an annual effective dose limit of _____ rem for whole-body occupational exposure during routine operations.

A) 0.5
B) 1.0
C) 5.0
D) 10

Question 17

The source-to-tabletop distance must not be less than _____ inches for fixed fluoroscopes, and not less than _____ inches for mobile fluoroscopes.

A) 12, 6
B) 15, 12
C) 15, 9
D) 18, 15

Question 18

A dosimeter containing filters composed of aluminum, tin, and copper, and thin strips of aluminum oxide, which when stimulated by a laser light becomes luminescent to the amount of radiation received is the

A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)
B) optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSL)
C) film badge
D) pen dosimeter

Question 19

The Bucky slot cover must be at least _____ mm Pb equivalent.

A) 0.0025
B) 0.025
C) 0.25
D) 2.5

Question 20

What is the effective dose limit for a radiographer during any 13-week period?

A) 0.1 rem
B) 1 rem
C) 3 rem
D) 13 rem

Question 21

Increasing the distance between the individual and the source of radiation is an effective method to reduce exposure to radiation. Distance utilizes which of the following?

A) 15% rule
B) Law of Bergonie & Tribondeau
C) inverse square law
D) mAs and intensity formula

Question 22

During radiography and fluoroscopic procedures at 1 meter from the patient, the beam intensity is reduced by a factor of 1,000, to approximately _____% of the original beam intensity.

A) 0.0001
B) 0.001
C) 0.01
D) 0.1

Question 23

When wearing a lead apron, a personnel dosimeter must be worn

A) outside the lead apron at the collar level
B) inside the lead apron at the collar level
C) inside the lead apron at the waist level
D) it is not necessary to wear a personnel dosimeter when wearing a lead apron

Question 24

Those states that have agreements with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to take responsibility to enforce radiation protection guidelines through the state's department of health are termed

A) regulatory states
B) protective states
C) agreement states
D) ALARA states

Question 25

Modern radiation protection guidelines are established on the philosophy of keeping exposures

A) within reason
B) minimal
C) negligible
D) as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)

Question 26

The x-ray tube must be enclosed by a lead-lined metal covering, requiring _____ Pb.

A) 1/16 inch
B) 1/8 inch
C) 1/4 inch
D) 1/2 inch

Question 27

The annual effective dose limit for the lens of the eye is _____ rem, and for all other organs is 50 rem.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 15
D) 30

Question 28

When wearing a lead apron, a pregnant radiographer is required to wear their fetal dosimeter

A) outside the lead apron at the collar level
B) inside the lead apron at the collar level
C) inside the lead apron at the waist level
D) it is not necessary to wear a fetal dosimeter when wearing a lead apron

Question 29

All facilities which receive accreditation by the _____ are required to monitor doses from diagnostic radiologic exams.

A) Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
B) Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
C) Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT)
D) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Question 30

Factors which determine protective barrier thickness include:
1. time of occupancy (T)
2. workload (W)
3. use (U)

A) 1 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2 and 3

Question 31

Radiation survey instruments, such as the _____, are used to detect and measure radiation.

A) TLD
B) OSL
C) film badge
D) Geiger-Muller counter and cutie pie meter

Question 32

Student radiographers under 18 years of age have an annual effective dose limit of _____ rem.

A) 0.1
B) 0.5
C) 5.0
D) 15

Question 33

The general public has an annual effective dose limit of _____ rem.

A) 0.005
B) 0.05
C) 0.5
D) 5.0

Question 34

So that regulatory agencies may dismiss a level of individual risk as negligible risk, an annual negligible individual dose (NID) of _____ mrem/yr has been set. Below this level, reduction of individual exposure is not required.

A) 0.001
B) 0.01
C) 0.1
D) 1.0

Question 35

Which of the following is a measure of the radiation to a patient's skin at the entrance surface?

A) bone marrow dose
B) entrance skin exposure (ESE)
C) gonadal dose
D) scattered dose

Question 36

The cumulative whole-body effective dose limit is calculated by multiplying one's age in year times _____ rem.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 50

Question 37

The image intensifier component of a fluoroscopic unit acts as a primary protective barrier and should be at least _____ Pb equivalent.

A) 0.002
B) 0.02
C) 0.2
D) 2.0

Question 38

An area occupied by radiation personnel is defined as a(n)

A) controlled area
B) uncontrolled area
C) high risk area
D) negligible risk area

Question 39

The exposure cord for the control booth must be

A) at least 6 ft in length
B) at least 4 ft in length
C) at least 2 ft in length
D) attached to the control console

Question 40

The total filtration of fluoroscopic equipment must be at least _____ Al equivalent.

A) 0.0025
B) 0.25
C) 2.5
D) 25

Question 41

The fluoroscopic exposure switch is controlled by the radiologist by using either a foot pedal, or a hand switch located on the fluoro carriage. This switch is considered a

A) 5-minute cumulative timing device
B) intermittent device
C) deadman type
D) pulsed device

Question 42

Radiation monitoring of personnel is required when personnel receive _____% of the annual effective dose limit.

A) 0.01
B) 0.01
C) 1.0
D) 10.0

Question 43

Applying the inverse square law, if we double our distance from the source, the intensity at our new distance is _____ as much as the original intensity.

A) 1/16
B) 1/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2

Question 44

Wearing a thyroid shield during fluoroscopy reduces the dose to the thyroid region by a factor of

A) 1
B) 10
C) 100
D) 1,000

Question 45

Involuntary patient motion is best dealt with by

A) using a short exposure time with a high mA selection
B) using a long exposure time with a low mA selection
C) proper communication with the patient
D) use of positioning aides

Question 46

_____ is the percentage of time which the x-ray beam is energized and directed toward a particular wall.

A) Time of occupancy (T)
B) Workload (W)
C) Use (U) factor
D) Milliampere-seconds (mAs)

Question 47

Controlled area design limits require barriers to reduce the exposure rate to less than _____ mrem/wk.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 50
D) 100

Question 48

The law that states the intensity of radiation at a given distance from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the object from the source is the

A) direct square law
B) 15% rule
C) doubling dose
D) inverse square law