Deck 4: Gender and Family

Question 1

Relationships that form outside the constraints of gender expectations are known as

A) opposites ideology.
B) gender-resistant relationships.
C) postgender relationships.
D) cisgender relationships.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Research on the impact of teachers on gender role socialization has shown that

A) girls tend to get more attention in elementary school because the vast majority of teachers are women.
B) boys initially outperform girls in all elementary school subjects, but because their teachers expect them to be troublemakers, they eventually conform to that role.
C) girls are praised more for the appearance and neatness of their work than for accuracy and performance.
D) girls in all-girl schools do worse than girls in co-ed schools.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

___________ denotes that in economic ways, as well as politically and socially, men are advantaged.

A) Gender stratification
B) Sex stratification
C) Male-female social hierarchy
D) Male-female social pyramid

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Those whose gender identities match their biological sex are increasingly known as

A) postgender.
B) cisgender.
C) heterosexual.
D) binary gender.

Question 5

_______ tend to believe in innate gender roles more than _______ do.

A) Married men; single men
B) Married women; single women
C) Wives; husbands
D) Husbands; wives

Question 6

Marianismo is based primarily on a belief in female inferiority.

Question 7

When Heather directs her children's attention to specific objects such as dolls for her daughter and trucks for her sons, she is engaging in

A) manipulation.
B) channeling.
C) verbal appellation.
D) activity exposure.

Question 8

Dr. Fritschner advocates more radical, separatist strategies for women because she believes that their subordination is too embedded in the existing social system. Dr. Fritschner is a __________ feminist.

A) social
B) gender-reform
C) gender-rebellion
D) gender-resistant

Question 9

_______ tends to emphasize overlapping and interrelated inequalities of gender, sexual orientation, race, and class.

A) Gender-reform feminism
B) Gender-rebellion feminism
C) Gender-resistant feminism
D) Social feminism

Question 10

Men and women are more alike than different, but our culture has encouraged us to look for differences and to exaggerate their degree and significance.

Question 11

Central features of the traditional male role include which of the following?

A) Weakness
B) Work
C) Leisure
D) Cooperation

Question 12

The traditional white female gender role

A) centers on women's roles as wives and mothers.
B) facilitates self-confidence and mental health.
C) contributes to greater happiness among married women than unmarried women.
D) expects women to defer marriage for work goals.

Question 13

The role of fathers in gender-role development

A) is basically the same for sons as it is for daughters.
B) involves pressure to behave in gender-appropriate ways.
C) involves higher standards of achievement for daughters.
D) is the same as the role of mothers.

Question 14

All of the following are contexts of adult gender-role learning except

A) the family of orientation.
B) marriage.
C) parenthood.
D) the workplace.

Question 15

In early life, the primary agents forming gender roles are

A) the media.
B) parents.
C) peers.
D) teachers.

Question 16

In order to be accepted by their peers, children must:

A) model the behaviors of their teachers.
B) provide intimate relationships.
C) own the latest video games.
D) adopt similar gender role attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs as their friends.

Question 17

When studying gender, it is best to keep in mind that

A) gender and sex are the same things.
B) biological differences between the sexes dictate our gender stereotypes.
C) our perceptions of gender differences are much greater than actual differences.
D) hormone levels dictate most behaviors and emotions.

Question 18

Mothers who are employed full time come home to a "second shift," which refers to

A) housework and childcare.
B) focusing on nurturing their husbands.
C) involvement in community activities.
D) additional paid labor after their normal working day.

Question 19

Pro-feminist men believe which of the following?

A) Men ought to share responsibilities within their households.
B) Women should earn more money than men for performing the same task.
C) All wives should work at least part-time.
D) Men and children would both benefit from closer connections between mothers and their children.

Question 20

When people believe that individuals should not have the attributes of the other gender, males suppress their expressive traits.

Question 21

When studying gender, we find that in

A) all cultures' males identify as male and females as female.
B) all cultures' people identify themselves as either males or females.
C) all cultures' gender identification is unclear until adulthood.
D) some cultures' people identify themselves as neither male nor female.

Question 22

As a result of the significant changes in our culture's gender role expectations that have occurred in recent years, women and men have finally become equal partners in marriage.

Question 23

Describe five different patterns Kane identified, and explain whether parents strive to reproduce or resist gendered behavior in their children.

Question 24

Compare and contrast social learning theory and cognitive development theory.

Question 25

Mothers pressure their children more than do fathers to behave in gender-appropriate ways.

Question 26

Describe how gender socialization continues in adulthood.

Question 27

Discuss at least three agents that contribute to the gender socialization of children.

Question 28

While in the 1950s women were significantly underrepresented on television, today their representation is equal to that of men.

Question 29

Discuss the four subtle processes parents use to gender socialize their children.

Question 30

Gender-reform feminism has been on the decline in recent years as gender experiences have improved.

Question 31

Cognitive development theory proposes that once children learn that gender is permanent, they independently strive to fulfill their proper gender role.

Question 32

In society certain particular models of ideal male and female behaviors are held up as standards for all. These are called

A) gender roles.
B) model gender behaviors.
C) hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity.
D) gender resistant stereotypes.

Question 33

The most common type of gender stratification is

A) matriarchy.
B) patriarchy.
C) egalitarianism.
D) gender polarization.

Question 34

Cognitive development theory ideally

A) stresses the importance of reinforcement in learning.
B) stresses the importance of age in learning.
C) stresses the importance of external motivation.
D) assumes that adults and children learn in basically the same way.

Question 35

Margaret Mead's studies of the Arapesh and the Mundugumor of New Guinea revealed that

A) culture creates masculinity and femininity.
B) only men can be competitive, aggressive, and violent.
C) only women can be passive, cooperative, and nurturing.
D) biology creates masculinity and femininity.

Question 36

Traditional men are often confused by their spouses' greater expectations of intimacy.

Question 37

According to Kohlberg, very young children base their identification of their gender on

A) superficial features such as hair length or clothing.
B) differences in genitals.
C) behavioral differences.
D) differences in the way adults react to them.

Question 38

_________ describes the exhibition of both masculine and feminine qualities.

A) Androgyny
B) Transgender
C) Intersexuality
D) Social cognition

Question 39

After viewing music videos and talk shows, individuals are more likely to emphasize female thinness.

Question 40

Children are socialized in gender roles through which process?

A) Transcendence
B) Exploitation
C) Gender training
D) Activity exposure