Deck 10: Becoming and Being Parents

Question 1

The term "Sandwich Generation" refers to parents who

A) do not cook well-balanced meals for their children.
B) feel "sandwiched" in between work and home life.
C) have several children with conflicting demands.
D) are caring for dependent children and elderly parents simultaneously.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Obedience is most important in which style of parenting?

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Research on gay and lesbian parents compared with children of heterosexual parents reveals that

A) there are differences in these children's gender identity.
B) there are differences in gender-role behavior.
C) children with gay and lesbian parents experience more behavioral problems.
D) there are no significant differences in gender identities or gender-role behavior.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Although most women begin their families while in their twenties, we can expect that the trend toward later parenthood will continue to grow.

Question 5

The ______ or so following childbirth constitutes the postpartum period.

A) nine months
B) two months
C) three months
D) first year

Question 6

Couples can experience less stress in the first year of childrearing if they

A) are open in their communication.
B) are still in the process of developing a strong relationship with each other.
C) wait until the infant is at least a year old before discussing family planning.
D) did not feel strongly about having a child until the last trimester.

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of adoptive families?

A) Internationallyadopted children are more often male than female.
B) Adopted children are less likely to have some disability than biological children.
C) Families with adopted children are economically worse off than those with biological children.
D) Adoptive children benefit from environmentallyenriching households.

Question 8

Between 2013 and 2014, fertility rates

A) decreased for age groups under 25 years old.
B) decreased among Asian women.
C) increased dramatically across populations.
D) increased among high-school dropouts to the highest levels since 2007.

Question 9

Contemporary childrearing strategies share which of the following tenets?

A) Dominance
B) Lack of consequences
C) Open communication
D) Physical punishment

Question 10

Parents can best foster high self-esteem in their children by doing which of the following?

A) Telling them they are proud of them at least once a day
B) Encouraging conformity
C) Accepting their children as they are
D) Allowing their children unrestrained freedom

Question 11

Within the Hispanic population in the United States, fertility and birth rates are highest among Cuban Americans.

Question 12

The ideology of intensive mothering refers to

A) an unrealistic standard against which mothers are judged.
B) the belief that mothers are more "intense" parents than fathers.
C) the expectation that mothers need to have two or more children to be characterized as "mothers first."
D) the adjustment period that mothers experience in the first month after delivering a child.

Question 13

In looking at fatherhood, we find that

A) most fathers can be characterized as "nurturant" fathers.
B) new standards of fatherhood are acted upon by most fathers.
C) there is a discrepancy between the culture of fatherhood and the conduct of fatherhood.
D) fathers today typically engage in five times the number of activities with children than they did in the 1980s.

Question 14

What factor is most significant in accounting for differences between children who live with both biological parents and those living in single-parent, remarried, cohabiting, or stepparent households?

A) Religious factor
B) Educational factor
C) Economic factor
D) Racial factor

Question 15

Parentified children

A) can experience benefits from taking care of their parents before adulthood.
B) tend to reject careers in the helping professions as adults.
C) are typically self-focused and self-centered as adults as a result of their early childhood experiences.
D) are viewed as abnormal in all cultures.

Question 16

Postpartum depression involves

A) only psychological factors.
B) biological, psychological, and social factors.
C) only biological factors.
D) only social factors.

Question 17

The terms "childless" and "child-free" mean the same thing.

Question 18

Women who lose a pregnancy or young infant generally experience _____ in the initial stage.

A) shock and disbelief
B) sadness
C) planning for the next pregnancy
D) depression

Question 19

The term "child-free" is used to describe

A) homes where children have grown and left.
B) a couple where partners do not choose to have children.
C) homes where there are no children because of inability to conceive
D) families that allow their children a lot of freedom in the home.

Question 20

With respect to adoption, we find

A) closed adoption is the norm.
B) open adoption is preferred by most adoption experts.
C) self-esteem is highest for those in closed adoptions.
D) views are mixed about the benefits of open adoption.

Question 21

In recent years, few Americans have chosen to adopt for reasons other than infertility.

Question 22

Women who have difficulty conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term are referred to as having

A) sterile fertility.
B) impaired fertility.
C) impaired fecundity.
D) nongenerativity.

Question 23

Teen mothers are

A) more at risk of anemia than mothers who have their first child between ages 30-35.
B) more likely to give birth to twins than are mothers between ages 30-35.
C) more numerous today than ever before in history.
D) more likely to attain higher education than women who have children later.

Question 24

Feminists criticize contemporary childbirth for which reason?

A) Women have too much control over the birth process.
B) Many of the medical interventions are unnecessary.
C) Men are not included in the birth process as much as they should be.
D) The medical profession never listens to what women need during pregnancy.

Question 25

Gay and lesbian parenting alters a child's gender identification.

Question 26

The rate of infant mortality in the United States is

A) substantially higher than in most of the developed world.
B) lower than in most of the developed world.
C) the lowest in the world.
D) highest in the world.

Question 27

Distinguish between the culture of fatherhood and the conduct of fatherhood.

Question 28

The impersonal, assembly-line quality of hospital birth is

A) nonexistent today.
B) more popular in the Netherlands than in the United States.
C) becoming even more popular all around the world.
D) criticized by many.

Question 29

How does ethnicity impact parenting?

Question 30

During pregnancy

A) couples are advised to refrain from engaging in sexual activity.
B) women are rarely interested in engaging in sexual activity.
C) women are discouraged from having orgasm.
D) couples should remember there are no set rules and sexuality depends on how each partner feels.

Question 31

Which of the following is not a common strategy to defend against child-free stigma?

A) Asserting a right to self-fulfillment
B) Using fertility medications
C) Claiming a biological deficiency
D) Redefining the situation

Question 32

Larger percentages of adopted children than biological children are poor.

Question 33

Discuss the factors contributing to the increase in deferred parenthood and the advantages of deferring parenthood.

Question 34

In the United States, infant mortality rates are highest among

A) African Americans.
B) whites.
C) Cuban Americans.
D) Asian Americans.

Question 35

A man may feel confusion or conflicts about sexual activity during a partner's pregnancy.

Question 36

Compare and contrast styles of grandparenting and issues facing contemporary grandparents.

Question 37

The rate of infant mortality in the United States remains far lower than the rates in most of the developed world.

Question 38

Babies born from unintended pregnancies are more likely to suffer both physical and social disadvantages.

Question 39

Advise parents about what is important for them to address when raising a child based on Konner's list for optimal child development.

Question 40

Adoption laws vary widely from state to state.