Deck 15: Global Connections and the Remaking of Europe, 1450-1750

Question 1

Which of the following statements about Dutch art in the 1600s is most accurate?

A) Dutch artists created art for religious organization almost exclusively in an attempt to outshine Italian artists.
B) Dutch artists created art for a market with content that reflected a broadening world.
C) Dutch artists created art for themselves first and foremost, refusing to be paid for their works.

Answer 1

Dutch artists created art for a market with content that reflected a broadening world.

Question 2

The religious movement known as the Reformation spawned alternatives to which of the following?

A) Catholicism
B) Judaism
C) Islam

Answer 2

Catholicism

Question 3

What did the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia accomplish?

A) It officially ended doctrinal disputes between Catholics and Protestants.
B) It ended the hostilities between warring parties engaged in the Thirty Years War.
C) It established Catholicism as the official religion of France, England, and Germany.

Answer 3

It ended the hostilities between warring parties engaged in the Thirty Years War.

Question 4

Which of the following date ranges best captures the era of the Renaissance?

A) 1350-1615
B) 1517-1615
C) 1600-1750

Question 5

What did the 1598 Edict of Nantes proclaim?

A) It recognized Calvinism as the official state religion of France but granted Catholics religious freedom.
B) It recognized Catholicism as the official state religion of France but granted Huguenots religious freedom.
C) It recognized Calvinism as the official state religion of France and removed all protections afforded to Catholics.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes France during the reign of King Louis XIV?

A) An idealized republican state
B) An absolute monarchy
C) A democratic-socialist stronghold

Question 7

Who controlled the Papal States of central Italy during the sixteenth century?

A) The Hapsburg family
B) The Vatican
C) The Ottoman Empire

Question 8

Humanist Niccolò Machiavelli wrote the widely influential political treatise titled The Prince , which focused on which of the following?

A) The importance of altruism in a ruler
B) The centrality of morality in a ruler
C) The primacy of power over morality in a ruler

Question 9

Who replaced Queen Elizabeth I of England, which led to the English Civil War?

A) Oliver Cromwell
B) The Stuarts
C) Martin Luther

Question 10

Which of the following European powers established the first global empire based on its overseas conquests?

A) England
B) France
C) Portugal

Question 11

John Calvin, among others, advanced the doctrine that God had already determined an individual's salvation or damnation at birth, a belief known as what?

A) Predestination
B) Predisposition
C) Presbyterianism

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role that other cultures played in influencing the Renaissance?

A) Islamic, Asian, and African traditions informed European ideas and works.
B) European ideas and works appeared as if out of thin air with no input from other cultures.
C) Discovery of the Americas served as the primary influence for European thinkers and artists.

Question 13

Nicolaus Copernicus established a "heliocentric" theory of the universe in the early sixteenth century, which advanced the then-revolutionary notion of what?

A) That the entire solar system revolved around the earth
B) That the sun is the center of the solar system
C) That the solar system is would someday swallow the sun

Question 14

Established in 930, which state maintains the world's oldest longest-running legislative body?

A) Greenland
B) Holland
C) Iceland

Question 15

Ivan the Terrible and Peter I the Great of Russia established governments that could be described as what?

A) Enlightened and democratic
B) Tyrannical and despotic
C) Inclusive and an idealized republic

Question 16

Which of the following generally describes the relationship between European powers during the age of exploration?

A) They willingly cooperated by sharing technology and resources.
B) They were locked in fierce competition to amass the most possessions.
C) They were largely unaware of each other's intentions or accomplishments.

Question 17

Which of the following subjects did Dutch painters of the 1600s not particularly focus on?

A) Religion
B) Landscapes
C) Domestic scenes

Question 18

The Reformation gave rise to new Christian sects under the broad designation of what?

A) Calvinism
B) Protestantism
C) Lutheranism

Question 19

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation?

A) It willingly ceded power to Protestant leaders believing that we're all equal in the eyes of God.
B) It launched the Counter Reformation as a means of punishing dissidents and reengaging with wayward Catholics.
C) It refused to acknowledge or dignify the position of Protestants and continued to gain adherents throughout the Reformation.

Question 20

Why did so many states participate in the War of Spanish Succession?

A) Because the question of who would inherit the Spanish throne and how its empire might be partitioned was at issue.
B) Because Spain commanded so much loyalty from every state except for France, who directly challenged the Spanish king's legitimacy.
C) Because every state believed that if they controlled Spain then they could control the Catholic Church.

Question 21

How did the work of Isaac Newton impact Western scientific thought?

A) He advanced an understanding of the motion of the planets, specifically regarding the law of gravity.
B) He contributed a basic understanding of genetics, which shaped our collective knowledge of evolution.
C) He jumpstarted the Enlightenment by establishing the scientific method, thereby setting the standard for all good science.

Question 22

What are the key concepts of humanism?

Question 23

How did humanists contribute to the renaissance in European political thought?

Question 24

What methods of expansion did Europeans follow?

Question 25

What are the key principles of capitalism?

Question 26

Which of the following thinkers established the scientific method?

A) René Descartes
B) Niccolò Machiavelli
C) Francis Bacon

Question 27

Which was more important to Europeans, commercial opportunities or security?

Question 28

In what way did the astrolabe and caravel impact European societies?

A) They allowed European meteorologists to predict weather with great certainty.
B) They allowed European textile makers to produce a wider array of garments.
C) They allowed European explorers to chart and travel long distances.

Question 29

Which of the following issues persisted in most states as capitalism became more entrenched across Europe?

A) A great divide between the rich and poor that spurred uprisings among the poor
B) An inability for merchant classes to gain a foothold while royal families held all the power
C) A massive exodus from urban centers as peasants sought to acquire land to make their own wealth

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the Enlightenment?

A) A religious movement that embraced Protestantism and rejected all teachings of the Roman Catholic Church
B) A philosophical movement that embraced science and reason while questioning or rejecting traditional ideas
C) An artistic movement that emphasized the use of light as a means of expressing joy and darkness as a means of expressing sadness

Question 31

Which of the following best describes the premise of The Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes?

A) People no longer required religion to provide moral guidance
B) People required despotic power to control them
C) People should embrace anarchism as a way forward

Question 32

What were Machiavelli's key arguments?

Question 33

What were the main goods and commodities sought during early European exploration?

Question 34

Where did capitalism take root the most?

Question 35

What impact did the "Little Ice Age" have on European overseas exploration?

A) It prompted European countries to seek more hospitable conditions and stable food sources.
B) It stalled European overseas exploration until the massive ice sheets covering the ocean melted.
C) It motivated European shipbuilders to construct bigger and better sailing vessels capable of keeping crews warm on long voyages.

Question 36

How did capitalism differ to medieval economics?

Question 37

Why did Europeans feel the need to seek out new trade opportunities by the late 1400s?

Question 38

The work of Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei supported the assertions of which astronomer, who advanced a heliocentric view of the solar system?

A) René Descartes
B) Niccolò Machiavelli
C) Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 39

Which of the following Enlightenment-era thinkers did Thomas Jefferson reflect the view of when writing that all people are entitled to life, liberty, and property?

A) Isaac Newton
B) John Locke
C) Francis Bacon

Question 40

Why was there such competition between European states to expand overseas?

Question 41

Describe the origins of the English Civil War.

Question 42

Describe the doctrine of "divine right" kingship.

Question 43

How did wars help kings consolidate their power over nobles?

Question 44

Why did Luther side with nobles instead of peasants during peasant revolts in the 1500s?

Question 45

What were Copernicus's key findings?

Question 46

Why did the reformation lead to so many bloody religious wars?

Question 47

Which of the following dominated the Atlantic, Baltic, and Indian Ocean trade during the 1600s and built a substantial overseas empire abroad?

A) The Netherlands
B) The Hapsburgs
C) The King and Queen of Spain

Question 48

Describe the outcome of the English Civil War.

Question 49

What was Luther's key message?

Question 50

Why were so many calling for changes to Church teachings and institutions by the 1500s?

Question 51

How did the church respond to Machiavelli and Copernicus's works?

Question 52

Describe the government of the Dutch republic during the Dutch golden age.

Question 53

What is a representative government?

Question 54

Which of the following is not a hallmark of the economic system capitalism?

A) Wealth accumulation
B) Strong competition
C) Religious piety

Question 55

What was the Augsburg Confession?

Question 56

What are the key concepts of rationalism, according to Bacon and Descartes?

Question 57

What were Kepler and Galileo's contributions to the Scientific Revolution?

Question 58

What measures did the church take during the Catholic reformation?

Question 59

Why was Germany such a hotbed for anti-church sentiment?

Question 60

What effect did the Thirty Years War have on the Austrian Empire?

Question 61

How did absolutism differ to previous models of kingship and how was it similar? Use examples from at least two kingdoms to support your answer.

Question 62

Why are da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Titian understood to have changed the artistic paradigm of Europe?

Question 63

To what extent did Christian teachings and lessons shape the European renaissance in political thought?

Question 64

Why did the Thirty Years War lead to so many breakaway movements and new kingdoms and states?

Question 65

How did capitalism change rural and urban life differently?

Question 66

What are the implications of deism?

Question 67

Who was more important to the success of the Protestant Reformation, nobles or peasants, and why?

Question 68

Why did capitalism become so popular in England, the Netherlands, and Belgium?

Question 69

Individualism, secularism, and humanism all flourished under which of the following movements that began in the fourteenth century?

A) The Enlightenment
B) The Reformation
C) The Renaissance

Question 70

What factors led to the downfall of the English republic? What were the legacies of the republic?

Question 71

How were European desires for wealth and security related? Which was the most important factor in European expansion?

Question 72

How did European treatment of indigenous peoples help or hamper their goals?

Question 73

How did the Protestant Reformation change the political contours of Europe?

Question 74

What are the key claims of deism?

Question 75

How did the church respond to the Scientific Revolution?

Question 76

Which of the following economic systems flowered on a global level during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

A) Manorialism
B) Capitalism
C) Mercantilism

Question 77

What was the importance of the joint-stock company in European economic history?

Question 78

How were principles of the Scientific Revolution applied to society and politics?

Question 79

To what extent was the Protestant Reformation a coordinated effort, and to what extent did it not have any real leadership or direction across Europe?

Question 80

How did cities encourage exploration and make it possible?