Deck 23: East Asia and the Russian Empire Face New Challenges, 1750-1914

Question 1

Who established the Qing dynasty in China?

A) Tibetans
B) Manchus
C) Mongols

Answer 1

Manchus

Question 2

Western economic penetration of China caused which of the following?

A) Enormous Qing foreign debt
B) Japanese control of Chinese banks, railroads, and factories
C) Increase in traditional Chinese exports like tea and silk

Answer 2

Enormous Qing foreign debt

Question 3

The Meiji form of government is best described how?

A) Constitutional Shogunate
B) Aristocratic republic
C) Constitutional monarchy

Answer 3

Constitutional monarchy

Question 4

Which of the following problems plagued Japan in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) Peasant revolts
B) Massive epidemics
C) Western invasions

Question 5

Who was the founder of Chinese nationalism and short-lived democracy, and architect of the revolution?

A) Liang Qichao
B) Yuan Shikai
C) Sun Yat-sen

Question 6

The Nationalists'"First Principle" involved overthrowing the Qing for what reason?

A) They were Manchu, not ethnic Chinese.
B) They were seen as incompetent.
C) They were too sympathetic to foreigners.

Question 7

Which of the following did Yuan Shikai NOT do to leaders of the Guomindang party after the Revolution?

A) Assassinate them
B) Outlawed the Guomindang
C) Incorporate them into his new government

Question 8

What did "self-strengtheners" propose to do to position China for the future?

A) Conservatives preferred death to change; liberals advocated adopting Western technology but not ideas.
B) Conservatives wanted an emperor; liberals wanted democracy.
C) Conservatives wanted to expel all Christians; the latter wanted to tolerate them.

Question 9

Prior to the Meiji takeover of Japan in 1867-1868, what was the role of the Emperor?

A) He ruled as an elected president.
B) There was no emperor.
C) The Emperor had become relatively insignificant.

Question 10

What position did many Confucians take on the issue of equal rights for women during the Taiping rebellion?

A) They opposed equal rights
B) They supported educational opportunities for women
C) They largely ignored the issue

Question 11

When did the Boxer Rebellion begin?

A) 1870
B) 1840
C) 1900

Question 12

What did the Meiji government do in order to avoid taking foreign loans to finance reforms?

A) They borrowed from the emperor.
B) they sent Japanese people to work abroad.
C) They sent Japanese people to work abroad.

Question 13

Why did tensions between China and Japan increase?

A) Japan joined with Germany and attacked China.
B) Japan attacked German possessions in China and forced the Chinese to give concessions to Japan.
C) Japan refused to protect Chinese troopships on their way to European battlefields.

Question 14

What was the goal of the Encompassing Love Society?

A) Increasing women's participation in society
B) Increasing the number of concubines the emperor was allowed to have
C) Recognizing children born out of wedlock as legitimate heirs

Question 15

Which of the following enabled Japan to meet the West on better terms than did China?

A) The lower status of merchants in Japan
B) A willingness to assimilate new ideas more readily
C) Japan's smaller size and more stable, centralized state

Question 16

The main reason that China, unlike India, was not completely subjected to colonial power was which of the following?

A) Its size and its large population
B) Its military capacity
C) European imperial rivalries

Question 17

Who dominated the Chinese government from 1861 to 1908?

A) Emperor Qianlong
B) Empress Dowager Ci Xi
C) Hong Xiuquan

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT an area conquered by the Qing Dynasty?

A) Japan
B) Xinjiang
C) Mongolia

Question 19

In 1853, which Western power forced the Japanese to end their isolation by threat of military action?

A) Britain
B) United States
C) Russia

Question 20

Which of the following was NOT a cause of Chinese emigration during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A) Western intervention
B) The decline of traditional economic institutions
C) A rise in pollution in rivers and cities

Question 21

Which of the following was the main Russian port on Siberia's Pacific coast?

A) Vladivostok
B) Okhotsk
C) Kamchatka

Question 22

How did global trade change the Qing diet?

Question 23

Under Catherine the Great, Russia annexed which of the following?

A) Finland
B) Serbia
C) Mongolia

Question 24

Why were Qing merchants so susceptible to bribery?

Question 25

By 1850, China's population had grown to how many people?

A) 600 million
B) 112 million
C) 432 million

Question 26

Under the Meiji, Samurai went from being warriors to which of the following?

A) Enemies of the state
B) Journalists, lawyers, and politicians
C) Landless peasants

Question 27

Why did the Opium trade lead to war between Britain and China?

Question 28

What were the results of the Opium Wars?

Question 29

Which of the following was a major outcome of the Japanese defeat of Russia in 1905?

A) It validated Meiji policies and led to widespread support for the Japanese government.
B) It elevated Japan to regional hegemony and caused significant problems for Russia.
C) It reenergized the samurai to begin a massive program of territorial expansion.

Question 30

The Meiji government encouraged the colonization of the island of Hokkaido in order to provide a buffer against what nation?

A) China
B) Russia
C) United States

Question 31

The Choson government blamed whom for the recurring peasant uprisings?

A) Japanese soldiers
B) Buddhist monks
C) Western missionaries

Question 32

When was the Qing dynasty established?

A) 1644
B) 1542
C) 1801

Question 33

Why did Britain begin importing Opium into China in such volume?

Question 34

Describe the role of Mandarins in Qing government.

Question 35

At the end of the nineteenth century, Japan acquired Korea and Taiwan in a war with what state?

A) Britain
B) Russia
C) China

Question 36

By 1910, what was the relationship between Japan and Korea?

A) The two were close allies.
B) Japan controlled Korea as a colony.
C) The two were engaged in a decades-long war.

Question 37

After the 1905, revolution Czar Nicholas II agreed to which of the following?

A) The disestablishment of the Russian Orthodox Church
B) A constitutional monarchy
C) An elected national assembly with limited powers

Question 38

The Korean Tonghak movement included which of the following elements?

A) A desire to forge closer relations with Japan and the West
B) Christianity, Confucianism, and Buddhism
C) Allegiance to Qing China

Question 39

In 1905, more than 100,000 factory workers went on strike to achieve what goal?

A) To protest Russia's alliance with France against Germany
B) To overthrow the tsar and establish a worker-led provisional government
C) To win higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions

Question 40

The Crimean War was fought over Russia's attempt to take territory from which state?

A) Britain
B) Japan
C) The Ottoman Empire

Question 41

What was the result of the Crimean War?

Question 42

Describe the origin of the Meiji revolution.

Question 43

What were the key concepts underpinning the "rich country, strong army" policy?

Question 44

What were the origins of the Tonghak Rebellion?

Question 45

What were the origins of the decision to end serfdom in Russia in 1861?

Question 46

Why did Japan close off the country to foreigners during the Tokugawa Shogunate?

Question 47

Describe Ci Xi's effect on reform in China.

Question 48

What were the results of the Taiping rebellion?

Question 49

How did Choson respond to European expansion?

Question 50

What was the outcome of the Sino-Japanese War in the 1890s?

Question 51

Why were extraterritorial rights such an important concession to Britain?

Question 52

What symptoms indicated Qing loss of authority?

Question 53

The British began exporting opium from India to China for what reason?

A) It was an effective means of undermining Qing rule.
B) The Chinese government subsidized the trade.
C) They needed something to balance Britain's trade deficit with China.

Question 54

What was the Co-hong?

A) A religious ritual
B) A school for the children of elites
C) A powerful, wealthy merchant's guild

Question 55

How did reformers wish to change China during the late Qing Empire?

Question 56

How did political stability affect Tokugawa culture?

Question 57

Describe the new Meiji constitution.

Question 58

How did the Arrow Incident become a war?

Question 59

What were the origins of the Chinese republican revolution?

Question 60

What roles were men and women expected to play in the new Meiji society?

Question 61

To what extent did trade help consolidate Qing power and to what extent did it challenge Qing power?

Question 62

All of the following were causes of the Taiping Rebellion EXCEPT which of the following?

A) A desire to stop Christian missionaries
B) Food insecurity
C) Calls for a constitutional monarchy

Question 63

What was the underlying issue in the Arrow War?

A) Border disputes
B) Trade
C) Religious hostility

Question 64

What was the result of the mid-nineteenth century Opium Wars?

A) China successfully forced Britain to end the opium trade in China.
B) Britain conquered most of south China.
C) Britain forced open more Chinese markets, won trade concessions, and Chinese ports.

Question 65

How was Korea affected by Chinese and Japanese industrialization?

Question 66

What political, economic, and social effect did Opium have on China?

Question 67

Why were Europeans still able to assert so much influence in China, despite several reforms aimed at modernization and industrialization?

Question 68

Were British conflicts with China more about trade or more about British power? Why?

Question 69

Who benefitted the most from the Meiji revolution? Who was harmed? Why?

Question 70

How did Sun Yat-sen's alliance with Yuan Shikai help the republican cause? How did it harm it?

Question 71

To what extent were Russia's challenges similar to those in other states during the nineteenth century, and to what extent were they uniquely Russian?

Question 72

Why did the Meiji restoration place such emphasis on striking a compromise between Japanese and Western political, economic, and social models?

Question 73

How did the British come to resort to gunboat diplomacy in China, and what effect did this have in China?

Question 74

What island were the British given possession of with the Treaty of Nanjing?

A) Taiwan
B) Hong Kong
C) Hainan Dao

Question 75

What role did military defeat play in the end of the Qing Empire? Use examples from multiple conflicts to make your argument.

Question 76

How did Japan end up reopening to foreign influence? What was the Japanese reaction to this decision and what results did it have?