Deck 24: World Wars, European Revolutions, and Global Depression, 1914-1945

Question 1

How did Stalin react to Lenin's NEP once in power after 1924?

A) He ended it.
B) He fully embraced it.
C) He slightly amended it.

Answer 1

He ended it.

Question 2

Why didn't the United States join the League of Nations?

A) Congress deemed it too expensive.
B) It was not invited.
C) The Senate voted down a law to join the League.

Answer 2

The Senate voted down a law to join the League.

Question 3

What was the goal of Comintern?

A) To remove the Orthodox Church from Russia
B) To restore territory taken during World War I
C) To spread revolution and communism to other countries

Answer 3

To spread revolution and communism to other countries

Question 4

The first thing the Communists did upon coming to power in Russia was which of the following?

A) Killed the tsar and his supporters
B) Created the Comintern to foster global revolution
C) Took Russia out of World War I

Question 5

Which leader advocated for self-determination as the guiding principle on which postwar international order should be based?

A) Woodrow Wilson
B) David Lloyd George
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt

Question 6

During the Great Depression, the U.S. unemployment rate rose to which figure?

A) 10 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 35 percent

Question 7

The main reason for the rise of extremist political groups in Europe prior to World War II seems to have been which of the following?

A) German racism
B) The growth of communism
C) The Great Depression

Question 8

What was Lenin's New Economic Policy?

A) A plan to purify the USSR of all capitalist influence
B) A temporary mix of capitalism and socialism to help the transition
C) A cooperative agreement between all the workers in Europe

Question 9

Which state did not participate in the Russian Civil War against the Bolsheviks?

A) Japan
B) The United States
C) China

Question 10

Who was the leader and founder of the Bolshevik party?

A) Joseph Stalin
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Aleksandr Kerensky

Question 11

The main factor undermining European cooperation in the lead-up to World War I was which of the following?

A) German resentment of France and Britain
B) Ottoman decline
C) Rivalries and mistrust among great powers

Question 12

What happened to formerly Austro-Hungarian territory inhabited by Croats, Slovenes, Slavs, and Albanians after the Paris Peace Conference?

A) It was distributed to each group as new nation-states.
B) It was amalgamated into the single state of Yugoslavia.
C) It was administered by the League of Nations.

Question 13

Under Stalin, how were peasants who refused to give up their land and work on collective farms treated?

A) They were exiled abroad.
B) They were sent to Siberia.
C) They were drafted into the army.

Question 14

Which empire did NOT collapse as a result of World War I?

A) The Ottoman
B) The British
C) The Austro-Hungarian

Question 15

What nation extended loans to Weimar Germany to pay war reparations?

A) United States
B) France
C) Soviet Union

Question 16

In the immediate years before World War I, which of the following seemed to be indications of continuing peace in Europe?

A) The creation of an International Court
B) Decreasing cooperation in trade
C) Growing militarism in Germany and Italy

Question 17

By 1919, the United States produced about how much of the world's industrial output?

A) 15 percent
B) 27 percent
C) 42 percent

Question 18

Who was the first leader of post-czarist Russia?

A) Aleksandr Kerensky
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Leon Trotsky

Question 19

What was the New Deal in the United States?

A) A financial regulatory system that largely caused the Great Depression
B) A liberal reform policy intended to mitigate the effects of the Great Depression
C) A remaking of the American court system during the Great Depression

Question 20

The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to do which of the following?

A) Pay huge reparations to France and Britain
B) Support allied rearmament
C) Govern its overseas colonies in accordance with the League of Nations

Question 21

What role did imperialism play in the lead-up to World War I?

Question 22

Political tensions between European powers was exacerbated in the 1930's by a civil war where?

A) Soviet Union
B) Germany
C) Spain

Question 23

Why was the Treaty of Versailles the most significant of World War I's peace treaties?

Question 24

What event finally forced European states to abandon the strategy of "appeasement"?

A) Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations
B) Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
C) Germany's invasion of Poland

Question 25

What role did Balkan crises play in the lead to up World War I?

Question 26

Why did allied leaders decide to drop atomic bombs on Japan to compel its surrender in 1945?

A) To inflict maximum damage on a hated enemy
B) To avoid having to mount a costly, protracted invasion
C) To satisfy Soviet demands for an end to the war

Question 27

What role did war plans play in the lead up to World War I?

Question 28

Before World War I began, what three nations had allied in order to defend themselves against potential German attack?

A) The United States, France, and Russia
B) France, Belgium, and Britain
C) Britain, France, and Russia

Question 29

At Yalta, in early 1945, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill reached what agreement of Joseph Stalin?

A) They convinced Stalin to declare war on Japan.
B) They reluctantly agreed to let the USSR oversee Eastern Europe.
C) They nominated Dwight Eisenhower to command the occupation forces in Europe

Question 30

Which of the following organizations was established at the end of World War II?

A) The United Nations
B) NATO
C) The European Union

Question 31

Which country suffered the most casualties in World War II?

A) Germany
B) Japan
C) The USSR

Question 32

The Great Depression was ultimately ended in the United States by which of the following?

A) The New Deal
B) Protectionist tariffs
C) Rearmament for World War II

Question 33

The United States entered World War II after which of the following events?

A) The Germans defeated France and began bombing London.
B) The Germans invaded the USSR.
C) Japan attacked the Philippines and bombed Pearl Harbor.

Question 34

How did European expectations live up to the realities of the war?

Question 35

Prior to World War I, which of the following were the wealthiest nations in Europe?

A) Russia, Austria, France
B) Austria, France, Germany
C) Britain, France, Germany

Question 36

What expectations did Europeans have about the war in its earliest phases?

Question 37

How did the Nazi regime treat Gypsies, Poles, Christians, Jews, the disabled, and Homosexuals?

A) Many millions were sent to concentration camps, labor camps, or death camps.
B) Most were excluded from public life but only Jews were sent to concentration camps.
C) Only the most critical from each group were sent to death camps, the rest were drafted.

Question 38

When were the Nazi forces finally pushed back into Germany?

A) December 1944
B) December 1943
C) May 1945

Question 39

Which of the following groups was NOT a supporter of Fascism in Italy?

A) War veterans
B) Industrialists
C) Communists

Question 40

Who founded Italian fascism?

A) Porfirio Diaz
B) Francisco Franco
C) Benito Mussolini

Question 41

What effect did the Great Depression have on production?

Question 42

What was the most important contributing factor to the outbreak of war in 1914?

Question 43

Describe early Axis advances during World War II.

Question 44

What were the five-year plans and what results did they have?

Question 45

Why did the Japanese withdraw from the League of Nations?

Question 46

What effect did the war have on Europeans?

Question 47

What were the responses to German reoccupation of the Ruhr?

Question 48

What tactics did right-wing groups in Germany, Italy, and Japan use to take power?

Question 49

In what ways did Europeans questions traditional values after the war?

Question 50

Which of the following led powers to accept the outbreak of the First World War?

A) Kaiser Wilhelm's feeling of responsibility to fellow emperors
B) A belief that war would act as a release for building social unrest
C) An underestimating human costs of the war

Question 51

Describe the formation and composition of the USSR.

Question 52

What were the origins of the Russian revolution in 1917?

Question 53

Describe the origins and course of the financial crisis in 1929.

Question 54

Why did so many banks fail during the Great Depression?

Question 55

What relationship did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand have to the outbreak of World War I?

A) It was the fundamental cause of the war.
B) It was a pretext that started the war.
C) Ultimately, it did not have much of an effect on the war.

Question 56

What results did World War II have in European empires?

Question 57

Why did the war lead to political unrest in so many European states?

Question 58

What role did imperialism play in the peace negotiations in Paris?

Question 59

What were the positions of Russia's various revolutionary governments to the war?

Question 60

Who did Nazi programs of mass violence target and why?

Question 61

What objectives did the United States, France, and the United Kingdom have for the Treaty of Versailles? To what extent were these goals met? What result did this have on Germany?

Question 62

How were the Bolsheviks able to win power during the Russian Revolutions?

Question 63

What political, economic, and social measures were taken to rebuild the world after World War II?

Question 64

To what extent was the Spanish Civil War a proxy war for various European states? What was the result of the Spanish Civil War?

Question 65

How did the fighting in western Europe compare to the fighting in eastern Europe? What were the results of each?

Question 66

What was the ultimate goal of the League of Nations and how was it supposed to achieve this goal? Why did the United States not join the League of Nations?

Question 67

Why is 1942 regarded as a turning point in World War I?

Question 68

Which nation switched sides in 1915?

A) Belgium
B) Austria
C) Italy

Question 69

Along with the U.S. intervention, what other event significantly altered the course of the war in 1917?

A) The collapse of the British pound
B) A revolution in Austria that deposed the emperor
C) The Russian revolutions

Question 70

What were the economic, political, and social consequences of World War I across the globe?

Question 71

How did Nazi Germany perpetrate programs of mass killing? How did their methods and targets change, why did they choose them, and what was the result?

Question 72

What were the most important causes of the 1929 financial crisis and the Great Depression?

Question 73

Discuss the relative importance of the Great Depression, military defeat, anti-foreign sentiment, and diplomatic betrayal in the rise of far right-wing movements in Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Question 74

How did World War I and Paris change different states' perceptions of their role in the world? Discuss at least two states.

Question 75

What similarities existed between Lenin's policies and Stalin's policies? How did they differ?

Question 76

How were the effects of the Great Depression felt similarly and differently in Germany and the United States? What explains these similarities and differences?

Question 77

Although not part of the original alliance system, the United States entered the war when who began to attack U.S. shipping?

A) The Ottoman Empire
B) Japan
C) Germany

Question 78

The Western Front was characterized by what type of warfare?

A) Stalemate and attrition
B) Speed and movement
C) Guerilla fighting