Deck 14: Nonparametric Inferential Statistics

Question 1

Chi-square tests are to _____ data as Wilcoxon tests are to _____ data.

A)ordinal; interval
B)nominal; ordinal
C)ordinal; nominal
D)ratio, ordinal

Answer 1

nominal; ordinal

Question 2

Imagine I conducted the following experiment: I used gender as a nonmanipulated independent variable and measured performance in my class. I measured performance by ranking everyone in the class, giving the person with the highest grade a 1, the person with the 2nd highest grade a 2, and so forth. Which statistic would I use to determine any differences in performance between these two groups?

Answer 2

Because the data are ordinal (ranked) you would use a Wilcoxon test. Furthermore, because the nonmanipulated independent variable is between-subjects (gender), the exact test would be the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test.​

Question 3

The nonparametric equivalent to the one-way randomized ANOVA is the _____ test.

A)Chi-square
B)Friedman test
C)r²
D)Kruskal-Wallis

Answer 3

Kruskal-Wallis

Question 4

The nonparametric equivalent to the one-way repeated measures ANOVA is the _____ test.

A)Chi-square
B)t
C)Friedman test
D)Kruskal-Wallis

Question 5

The χ² test of independence is used with _____ data.

A)continuous
B)categorical
C)ordinal
D)quantitative

Question 6

Which of the following is not an assumption of the χ² test of independence?

A)It is a nonparametric test.
B)It is appropriate only for ordinal data.
C)The frequency in each cell should be at least 5.
D)The sample should be randomly selected.

Question 7

What are the assumptions of the χ2 test?

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the χ² test of independence?

A)It requires a numerical (quantitative) score for each individual.
B)The sample must be random.
C)Population parameters such as m and s must be known.
D)The observations must not be independent.

Question 9

Which of the following is not an assumption of the χ² goodness-of-fit test?

A)It is a nonparametric test.
B)It is appropriate only for ordinal data.
C)The frequency in each cell should be at least 5.
D)The sample should be randomly selected.

Question 10

Chi-square is calculated by summing the [(_____ - _____)² divided by _____].

A)observed; expected; observed
B)expected; observed; observed
C)observed; expected; expected
D)observed; observed; expected

Question 11

The Wilcoxon tests are used with _____ data.

A)ordinal
B)interval
C)ratio
D)nominal

Question 12

Wilcoxon rank-sum test is to _____ as Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks T test is to _____.

A)ordinal data; nominal data
B)interval data, ordinal data
C)between-subject design; within-subjects design
D)within-subjects design; between-subjects design

Question 13

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks T test?

A)The data are ratio, interval or ordinal in scale, all of which must be converted to ranked (ordinal) data before conducting the test.
B)The underlying distribution is not normal.
C)The observations are independent.
D)The other alternatives are all assumptions of the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.

Question 14

When using the Wilcoxon tests, the obtained value must be ______ the critical value in order to establish statistical significance.

A)less than or equal to
B)greater than or equal to
C)greater than
D)equal to

Question 15

The calculation of the df for the χ² test of independence is

A)r x c - 1.
B)(r-1)(c-1).
C)(r-c)n.
D)r x c.

Question 16

Nonparametric is to parametric as _____ is to _____.

A)t test; z test
B)z test; t test
C)χ² test; t test
D)t test; χ² test

Question 17

The _____ is a nonparametric inferential test for comparing sample medians of two dependent or related groups of scores.

A)Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks T test
B)Wilcoxon rank-sum test
C)χ² test for independence
D)χ² goodness-of-fit test

Question 18

Which of the following is not an assumption of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test?

A)The data are ratio, interval, or ordinal in scale-all of which must be converted to ranked (ordinal) data before conducting the test.
B)The underlying distribution is not normal.
C)The observations are independent.
D)There is homogeneity of variance.

Question 19

What are the assumptions of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test?

Question 20

The _____ is a nonparametric inferential test for comparing sample medians of two independent groups of scores.

A)Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks T test
B)Wilcoxon rank-sum test
C)χ² test for independence
D)χ² goodness-of-fit test

Question 21

You notice that in your introductory psychology class, it appears that more men tend to sit near the door and more women opposite the door. In order to determine whether this difference is significant, you collect data on the seating preferences for the students in your class. The data appear below.

a) What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?
b) Identify H0 and Ha for this study.
c) Conduct the appropriate analysis. ?
d) Should H0 be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?

Question 22

Explain when you would use the Kruskal-Wallis test versus the Friedman test.

Question 23

A researcher is interested in comparing the self-esteem of students who volunteer for community service versus those who do not. The researcher assumes that those who complete community service will have higher self-esteem scores. Self-esteem scores tend to be skewed (not normally distributed). The self-esteem scores appear below. Higher scores indicate higher self-esteem levels.
No Community Service Community Service

a) What statistical test should be used to analyze these data?
b) Identify H0 and Ha for this study.
c) Conduct the appropriate analysis.
d) Should H0 be rejected? What should the researcher conclude?