Deck 2: Theories of Human Development Cognitions, Morality and Faith, and the Human Experience

Question 1

Self-actualization involves the fulfillment of one's potential.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

__________ is not one of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development.​

A) ​Sensorimotor
B) ​Preoperational
C) ​Concrete operational
D) ​Post-operational

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to James Fowler, every person will reach his or her Universalizing Faith stage of faith development.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Adult development is typically divided into​

A) ​young adulthood, later adulthood, and final adulthood.
B) ​adulthood 1, adulthood 2, and adulthood 3.
C) ​young adulthood, middle adulthood, and later adulthood.
D) ​old, older, and oldest.

Question 5

Rousseau proposed that the mind is a blank slate, or tabula rasa.

Question 6

William Glasser created rational emotive behavior therapy.

Question 7

According to Linda Gottfredson, at which stage of circumscription do children begin to form ideas about the sex roles of men and women in regard to career?​

A) ​Stage One: Orientation to Size and Power (ages 3 to 5 years)
B) ​Stage Two: Orientation to Sex Roles (ages 6 to 8 years)
C) ​Stage Three: Orientation to Social Valuation (ages 9 to 13 years)
D) ​Stage Four: Orientation to the Internal, Unique Self (ages 14 years and above)

Question 8

Crystallized intelligence is less likely to decrease with age than fluid intelligence.

Question 9

Albert Ellis, the psychologist who developed rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), is also known for creating the __________ model.​

A) ​alphabet
B) ​thinking
C) ​rational
D) ​ABC

Question 10

​Gardner has identified eight types of intelligence: logical-mathematical, visual-spatial, verbal-linguistic, musical-rhythmic, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 11

__________ are patterns of skewed perceptions that people have regarding others' perceptions of them.​

A) ​Genograms
B) ​Coping strategies
C) ​Parataxic distortions
D) ​Seven vectors

Question 12

Piaget's theory begins with the process of​

A) ​assimilation.
B) ​cooperation.
C) ​adaptation.
D) ​accommodation.

Question 13

Aaron T. Beck explains the developing cognitive functioning of the mind, specifically the expression of personality, in terms of​

A) ​schemas.
B) ​systems.
C) ​modes.
D) ​All of the above

Question 14

Alfred Binet, a French psychologist, and his collaborator, Theodore Simon, are often credited with creating the first measurement of intelligence, or what we call intelligence quotient (IQ) tests today.

Question 15

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, humans must meet basic needs before they can reach other high level developmental needs.

Question 16

Piaget's theory begins with the process of assimilation, or how the human mind constructs knowledge.

Question 17

John L. Horn's theory considers the things learned from facts and experiences to be crystallized intelligence. On the other hand, __________ intelligence is what we draw upon to complete tasks or solve puzzles and other problems.​

A) ​fluid
B) ​mobile
C) ​normal
D) ​sensorimotor

Question 18

Schemas are frameworks or building blocks of the mind.

Question 19

Which of the following is not characteristic of differentiation?​

A) ​The separation of oneself from one's family of origin
B) ​Individuation
C) ​That it helps to prevent fusion of individuals
D) ​That it is a goal of multigenerational approaches

Question 20

__________ is not one of the characteristics of a self-actualized person, according to Maslow.​

A) ​Acceptance of self
B) ​Conventionality
C) ​Appreciation for the world
D) ​Autonomy

Question 21

In his life-span, life-space theory, Donald Super proposed nine major roles we all play throughout life. Although not every person will experience every role, most people will have the experience of playing more than one role simultaneously at some point in their lifetime. Which role(s) do you currently play, and how do you balance them with one another?

Question 22

In order to develop his theory of moral development, Lawrence Kohlberg asked study participants to decide a course of action they would take if faced with a hypothesized moral​

A) ​injustice.
B) ​dilemma.
C) ​responsibility.
D) ​development.

Question 23

Johada developed​

A) ​positive psychology.
B) ​ambiguous psychology.
C) ​attitude psychology.
D) ​development psychology.

Question 24

What role do you believe culture plays in human development? Provide specific examples to support your discussion.

Question 25

Explain how Piaget's ideas of adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation are connected.

Question 26

​Who is attributed with creating "choice theory"?

A) ​Freud
B) ​Ellis
C) ​Beck
D) ​Glasser

Question 27

__________ is not one of the five characteristics of a healthy person identified by Johada.​

A) ​Time management
B) ​Meaningful social relationships
C) ​Meaningful career
D) ​High self-esteem

Question 28

Rousseau said that proper morality could only come to man through​

A) ​reading the bible.
B) ​formal education.
C) ​life experience.
D) ​maternal guidance.

Question 29

__________ is one of the needs that humans seek to fulfill, according to choice theory?​

A) ​Power
B) ​Materials
C) ​Physical activity
D) ​Technology

Question 30

Carl Rogers is known for developing _______________ therapy.​

A) ​psychoanalytic
B) ​gestalt
C) ​client-centered
D) ​humanistic

Question 31

__________ is not one of Gardner's multiple intelligences.​

A) ​Linguistic intelligence
B) ​Spatial intelligence
C) ​Interpersonal intelligence
D) ​Emotional intelligence

Question 32

Discuss what William Glasser meant by the Quality World picture album each person holds in his or her mind.

Question 33

A schema is defined as​

A) ​a scene from one's "life story."
B) ​a framework or building block of the mind.
C) ​an integration of multiple intelligences.
D) ​a biological component of development.

Question 34

Which of the following pairings do not belong?​

A) ​Havighurst and developmental tasks
B) ​Levinson and seasons of life
C) ​Gould and passages
D) ​Vaillant and adaptation to life

Question 35

Describe how the leadership and perspectives of pioneers such as Miller, Lerner, Tavris, and Gilligan have contributed to counseling and development.