Deck 2: Trait Approach

Question 1

Founder and former CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs, best demonstrated which trait?

A) Openness
B) Integrity
C) Sociability
D) Intelligence
E) Determination

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Conducted two major surveys of research on the trait approach:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama demonstrated this trait extensively and brought public attention to its value as it relates to leadership.

A) Readiness
B) Vigor
C) Charisma
D) Drive
E) Capacity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A student who practices the piano daily and tries new music despite the difficulty demonstrates which trait?

A) Determination
B) Sociability
C) Integrity
D) Self-awareness

Question 5

Being socially aware, possessing social acumen, practicing self-monitoring, and having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation, and then following through with said decision, are part of Zaccaro's definition of

A) Problem solving
B) Intelligence
C) Task knowledge
D) Cognitive ability
E) Social intelligence

Question 6

Research related to the trait approach has

A) Been a newer area of research.
B) Been around for over 100 years.
C) Not been a focus of researchers until recently.
D) Consisted of very few known models and studies.

Question 7

Conducted studies of social intelligence and its relationship to leadership:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Question 8

Persistence, dominance, and drive are characteristics of which trait?

A) Extraversion
B) Sociability
C) Determination
D) Intelligence

Question 9

______________ is described as those abilities to understand one's own and others feelings, behaviors and thoughts and to act appropriately.

A) Great Man theory
B) Social intelligence
C) Emotional intelligence
D) Big Five personalities

Question 10

The trait approach focuses on

A) Follower-leader interaction
B) Role of the leader
C) Role of the follower
D) Role of the organization

Question 11

_____________ is one of the five major leadership traits that focuses on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships.

A) Surgency
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Intelligence
E) Sociability

Question 12

Found several consistent traits among charismatic leaders:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Shankman and Allen

Question 13

A manager arrives an hour early to work every day and is always completing his task early as well as constantly striving for excellence within the organization. Which two traits best
Represent the manager?

A) Articulate and self-confident
B) Dependable and diligent
C) Trustworthy and perceptive
D) Self-confident and empathetic

Question 14

Stogdill's second study found

A) No significant differences in traits from 1948 to 1974
B) Situational factors could not be identified
C) Emotional intelligence plays a significant role in leadership
D) Both traits and situational factors are determinants of leadership

Question 15

By comparing Stogdill's findings from his 1948 survey with the findings of his updated 1974 survey, which of the following was suggested?

A) Leadership research has progressed little.
B) That risk taking and originality no longer play a role in problem solving.
C) That situational factors no longer play a large role within leadership.
D) That both personality and situational factors were causals in leadership.

Question 16

Kirkpatrick and Locke's research postulated that

A) Individuals are only born with traits
B) Traits can be learned
C) Traits cannot be learned
D) Traits are unimportant to leadership

Question 17

Which best describes the overall results of Stogdill's second survey when compared with his initial survey?

A) There was little to no difference in the findings.
B) Situational factors became less of a focus.
C) It was more balanced in its descriptions of the role of traits and leadership.
D) Personality played a larger role in leadership.

Question 18

Mary has managed the mailroom for 2 years. Management views Mary as a person with special leadership talent, such as intelligence, sociability, and determination. What approach is
Management using in assessing Mary?

A) Trait approach
B) Attributions approach
C) Behavioral approach
D) Managerial grid approach

Question 19

The following traits are associated with charismatic leadership:

A) Intelligence, self-confidence
B) Physical attractiveness, height
C) Desire for power, desire to help others
D) Self-monitoring, impression management

Question 20

In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggested

A) No consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from non-leaders.
B) Leadership traits are independent of situation factors.
C) Extraversion is a definitive leadership trait.
D) A consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders.

Question 21

The cognitive domain in emotional intelligence describes

A) Confidence
B) Feeling
C) Competency
D) Thinking

Question 22

Developed a model of emotionally intelligent leadership:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro
E) Shankman and Allen

Question 23

The trait approach is

A) No longer a viable leadership approach
B) Is primarily a focus of outdated research
C) Still a focus of contemporary leadership research
D) Irrelevant in modern society

Question 24

Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence is a set of

A) Ethical and emotional competencies
B) Social and perceptual competencies
C) Personal and social competencies
D) Cognitive and expressive competencies

Question 25

An organization requires you to fill out a personality assessment instrument as part of your application process for a specific position with the organization. What best explains why they
Would have you do this?

A) To place you with others who share the same traits.
B) To determine whether you fit their needs for the particular position.
C) To examine your attention to detail.
D) To decide on an amount for your salary.

Question 26

The Big Five consists of all of the following factors except

A) Openness
B) Neuroticism
C) Conscientiousness
D) Dominance

Question 27

Which of the Big Five personality factors is also one of the five major traits identified in the text?

A) Extraversion
B) Determination
C) Conscientiousness
D) Self-confidence
E) Intelligence

Question 28

A strength of the trait approach

A) Self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership
B) There is a clear list of leader traits
C) Identifying traits is highly objective
D) It is appealing to identify special traits in leaders

Question 29

Openness in the Big Five Personality Model is defined as

A) intellect, being informed, creativity
B) Sociable, assertive, high energy
C) Organized, dependable, decisive
D) Accepting, trusting, nurturing

Question 30

The trait approach is concerned with

A) Leadership situations
B) Leadership skills
C) Follower attributes
D) Leader characteristics

Question 31

Shankman and Allen's (2002) model of emotionally intelligent leadership suggests leaders must take into account these three fundamental facets of leadership:

A) Context, self, and others
B) Referent power, expert power, and legitimate power
C) Desire for power, desire to help others, and desire to win
D) Determination, integrity, and sociability

Question 32

Having a benchmark for what to look for if we want to be leaders is about

A) Trying to develop specifically the five major traits in the text
B) Giving a boss a specific set of traits to look for in potential new hires
C) Helping individuals see their own traits and decide if these are leadership traits
D) Specifically determining traits for a particular job promotion

Question 33

The Big Five personality factor that is weakly associated with leadership is

A) Conscientiousness
B) Neuroticism
C) Agreeableness
D) Sociability

Question 34

The underlying premise of emotional intelligence's impact on leadership is

A) Intelligence is the most essential part of leadership
B) Sensitivity to personal emotions is most important to positive leadership
C) Understanding one's own and others emotions provides a base for impactful leadership
D) Emotional intelligence has minimal impact on effective leadership

Question 35

Of the Big Five personality factors, which is the most strongly associated with leadership?

A) Openness
B) Neuroticism
C) Social status
D) Extraversion

Question 36

A major strength of the trait approach is

A) There is a set list of traits that identify leadership
B) It is easy to identify the best traits for leadership
C) It can be used for leader training and development
D) It highlights the leader component of the leadership process

Question 37

People want to be able to identify leaders as those who are leading the way in our society. This is an example of what strength of the approach?

A) Century of research
B) Intuitive appeal
C) Benchmarking traits
D) Definitive list of traits

Question 38

Found a strong relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro

Question 39

Within an organization, the trait approach can be applied to

A) Low-level managers
B) Middle-level managers
C) Upper-level managers
D) All levels of the organization

Question 40

Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are

A) Task and process
B) Mind and body
C) Affective and cognitive
D) Traits and styles

Question 41

Which of the following is not a strength of the trait approach?

A) Self-confidence is the trait most important to leadership
B) It is appealing to identify special traits in leaders
C) More than a century of research has been conducted on traits
D) It provides a benchmark for what traits to look for in individuals

Question 42

The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take __________ into consideration.

A) Emotional intelligence
B) Personality
C) Differences in leaders
D) Situations
E) Role of the leader

Question 43

Zaccaro et. al. in 2004 analyzed several studies about

A) Masculinity and leadership
B) Self-confidence and leadership
C) Intelligence and leadership
D) Sociability and leadership

Question 44

Social competence in emotional intelligence includes

A) Empathy
B) Self-regulation
C) Confidence
D) Motivation

Question 45

Applying the trait approach to 21ˢᵗ century leadership

A) Lacks credibility
B) Helps us understand behaviors of leaders
C) Informs that leader's traits are a part of leadership process
D) Tells us which traits are important in which contexts

Question 46

Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence

A) Is not as important to leadership as IQ
B) Is less important for meeting life's challenges than traits
C) Plays a major role in a person's success
D) Plays a major role at only the top management levels

Question 47

I just had an argument with my supervisor about going over budget on my project. I had strong emotions during the argument and now I and thinking about how to improve my mood at work. This thinking about my emotions is

A) In the affective domain of emotional intelligence
B) In the cognitive domain of emotional intelligence
C) Is affective judgment of my emotions
D) Is neither affective nor cognitive judgment of my emotions

Question 48

The trait approach

A) Takes situations into account
B) Is highly objective
C) Is quite useful for training programs
D) Has not found one definitive list of leadership traits

Question 49

More research has been conducted on this approach than any other.

A) Trait
B) Skills
C) French and Raven's
D) Path-goal

Question 50

Which of the following is a strength of the trait approach?

A) It includes behaviors as a central component
B) It is used in many leadership training and development programs
C) It helps followers fulfill their need to see their leaders as gifted and special
D) It has a definitive set of traits that researchers agree upon

Question 51

The five traits that have been found to be the set of traits leaders must have to be considered leaders are

A) Intelligence, sociability, self-confidence, integrity, determination
B) Self-confidence, social judgment, integrity, determination, extraversion
C) There is not a set of traits that all leaders must have
D) There is a set of leader traits that all leaders must have, just not those listed above

Question 52

Individuals displaying the five major traits in the text

A) Are leaders in their workplace
B) Also display other leader traits in their workplace
C) May be leaders in their workplace
D) Also display dominance in their workplace

Question 53

The 100 or more years of research on traits was completed originally to

A) To distinguish between traits and behaviors
B) To define the five major traits associated with leadership
C) To distinguish between traits and skills
D) Determine a universal set of traits associated with leadership

Question 54

A leader who is assured and dominant in her manner is expressing

A) Agreeableness
B) Openness
C) Integrity
D) Self-confidence

Question 55

Research over the past 100 years on leadership traits

A) Has clear and unambiguous findings
B) Has produced a definitive list of traits
C) Has described leader traits that are common to all situations
D) Has failed to produce a definitive list of traits

Question 56

The vast majority of research on traits from early to modern day has found

A) Leaders are different from non-leaders
B) Masculinity is a common theme
C) Dominance is a common theme
D) Leaders and followers appear much the same

Question 57

Arif is the leader of a small group of human resources professionals. Two of these staff members, Nina and Bohan, disagree about the leadership traits that Arif displays in their work situation. This disagreement described which of the main criticisms of the trait approach?

A) High subjectivity
B) Century of research
C) Lack of leadership emergence
D) Usefulness in training and development

Question 58

When trying to identify who leaders are, I am using _______ approach.

A) Skills
B) Trait
C) Behavioral
D) Social judgment

Question 59

A major criticism of the trait approach is

A) It's intuitive appeal
B) There is no definitive list of leadership traits
C) It highlights the leader component in the leadership process
D) Research on leadership traits is fairly new

Question 60

_____________ is one of Northouse's five major leadership traits focused on a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships.

A) Surgency
B) Agreeableness
C) Extraversion
D) Sociability

Question 61

Openness is one of the five traits in the text that focuses on honesty and trustworthiness.

Question 62

The tendency to be thorough, dependable, organized, and decisive describes which Big Five personality factor?

A) Openness
B) Conscientiousness
C) Low neuroticism
D) Self-confidence

Question 63

The trait approach has a century of research to back it up.

Question 64

Emotional intelligence includes our ability to perceive and

A) Manipulate emotions of others
B) Manage emotions of others
C) Express emotions
D) Use emotions to facilitate thinking

Question 65

A major strength of the trait approach is that it is quite useful for training.

Question 66

In his early studies, Stogdill found that leaders in one situation would almost always be
leaders in another situation.

Question 67

Which of the following traits are not among the five major leadership traits identified in the text?

A) Openness
B) Integrity
C) Sociability
D) Agreeableness
E) Determination

Question 68

The trait approach focuses primarily on the leader, not on the followers or the situation.

Question 69

A strength of the trait approach is that it links specific leader traits to organizational outcomes.

Question 70

The great person approach stresses that leaders' traits are learned.

Question 71

Mann's study in 1959

A) Focused on situational factors in leadership
B) Reviewed studies on traits of leaders in small groups
C) Suggested that certain traits could be used to identify leaders from non-leaders
D) Described leader traits in terms of social perceptiveness rather than dominance

Question 72

For effective leadership, intelligence of leaders should be

A) Fairly similar to their followers
B) Lower than their followers
C) Significantly higher than their followers'
D) Levels of intelligence do not matter in leadership

Question 73

Stogdill's later studies argued that personality and situational factors were both determinants
of leadership.

Question 74

Completing a personal assessment of one's own leadership traits

A) Helps individuals assess their own strengths
B) Helps individuals determine their potential for promotion
C) Helps individuals understand how they fit into an organization
D) Helps organizations choose lower-level managers

Question 75

The great person approach focuses on important political leaders.

Question 76

Emotional intelligence includes our ability to perceive and

A) Express emotions
B) Use emotions to facilitate thinking
C) Reason/understand emotions
D) Manage emotions within oneself

Question 77

Intelligence as a leader characteristic is found in which of the following approaches?

A) Behavioral and Trait
B) Trait and Situational
C) Skills and Behavioral
D) Skills and Trait

Question 78

The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits.

Question 79

Taking a trait assessment can help people

A) Gain insight about their own traits
B) Pinpoint their weaknesses
C) Recognize potential traits to develop
D) Manipulate others to gain a higher standing in their organization

Question 80

Social competencies in emotional intelligence include

A) Empathy
B) Conflict management
C) Self-awareness
D) Self-confidence